heimdal/lib/krb5/krb5_keytab.3

.\" Copyright (c) 2001 - 2005 Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan
.\" (Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden).
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\"
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\"
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" 3. Neither the name of the Institute nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE INSTITUTE AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE INSTITUTE OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $Id$
.\"
.Dd August 12, 2005
.Dt KRB5_KEYTAB 3
.Os HEIMDAL
.Sh NAME
.Nm krb5_kt_ops ,
.Nm krb5_keytab_entry ,
.Nm krb5_kt_cursor ,
.Nm krb5_kt_add_entry ,
.Nm krb5_kt_close ,
.Nm krb5_kt_compare ,
.Nm krb5_kt_copy_entry_contents ,
.Nm krb5_kt_default ,
.Nm krb5_kt_default_modify_name ,
.Nm krb5_kt_default_name ,
.Nm krb5_kt_end_seq_get ,
.Nm krb5_kt_free_entry ,
.Nm krb5_kt_get_entry ,
.Nm krb5_kt_get_name ,
.Nm krb5_kt_get_type ,
.Nm krb5_kt_next_entry ,
.Nm krb5_kt_read_service_key ,
.Nm krb5_kt_register ,
.Nm krb5_kt_remove_entry ,
.Nm krb5_kt_resolve ,
.Nm krb5_kt_start_seq_get
.Nd manage keytab (key storage) files
.Sh LIBRARY
Kerberos 5 Library (libkrb5, -lkrb5)
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In krb5.h
.Pp
.Ft krb5_error_code
.Fo krb5_kt_add_entry
.Fa "krb5_context context"
.Fa "krb5_keytab id"
.Fa "krb5_keytab_entry *entry"
.Fc
.Ft krb5_error_code
.Fo krb5_kt_close
.Fa "krb5_context context"
.Fa "krb5_keytab id"
.Fc
.Ft krb5_boolean
.Fo krb5_kt_compare
.Fa "krb5_context context"
.Fa "krb5_keytab_entry *entry"
.Fa "krb5_const_principal principal"
.Fa "krb5_kvno vno"
.Fa "krb5_enctype enctype"
.Fc
.Ft krb5_error_code
.Fo krb5_kt_copy_entry_contents
.Fa "krb5_context context"
.Fa "const krb5_keytab_entry *in"
.Fa "krb5_keytab_entry *out"
.Fc
.Ft krb5_error_code
.Fo krb5_kt_default
.Fa "krb5_context context"
.Fa "krb5_keytab *id"
.Fc
.Ft krb5_error_code
.Fo krb5_kt_default_modify_name
.Fa "krb5_context context"
.Fa "char *name"
.Fa "size_t namesize"
.Fc
.Ft krb5_error_code
.Fo krb5_kt_default_name
.Fa "krb5_context context"
.Fa "char *name"
.Fa "size_t namesize"
.Fc
.Ft krb5_error_code
.Fo krb5_kt_end_seq_get
.Fa "krb5_context context"
.Fa "krb5_keytab id"
.Fa "krb5_kt_cursor *cursor"
.Fc
.Ft krb5_error_code
.Fo krb5_kt_free_entry
.Fa "krb5_context context"
.Fa "krb5_keytab_entry *entry"
.Fc
.Ft krb5_error_code
.Fo krb5_kt_get_entry
.Fa "krb5_context context"
.Fa "krb5_keytab id"
.Fa "krb5_const_principal principal"
.Fa "krb5_kvno kvno"
.Fa "krb5_enctype enctype"
.Fa "krb5_keytab_entry *entry"
.Fc
.Ft krb5_error_code
.Fo krb5_kt_get_name
.Fa "krb5_context context"
.Fa "krb5_keytab keytab"
.Fa "char *name"
.Fa "size_t namesize"
.Fc
.Ft krb5_error_code
.Fo krb5_kt_get_type
.Fa "krb5_context context"
.Fa "krb5_keytab keytab"
.Fa "char *prefix"
.Fa "size_t prefixsize"
.Fc
.Ft krb5_error_code
.Fo krb5_kt_next_entry
.Fa "krb5_context context"
.Fa "krb5_keytab id"
.Fa "krb5_keytab_entry *entry"
.Fa "krb5_kt_cursor *cursor"
.Fc
.Ft krb5_error_code
.Fo krb5_kt_read_service_key
.Fa "krb5_context context"
.Fa "krb5_pointer keyprocarg"
.Fa "krb5_principal principal"
.Fa "krb5_kvno vno"
.Fa "krb5_enctype enctype"
.Fa "krb5_keyblock **key"
.Fc
.Ft krb5_error_code
.Fo krb5_kt_register
.Fa "krb5_context context"
.Fa "const krb5_kt_ops *ops"
.Fc
.Ft krb5_error_code
.Fo krb5_kt_remove_entry
.Fa "krb5_context context"
.Fa "krb5_keytab id"
.Fa "krb5_keytab_entry *entry"
.Fc
.Ft krb5_error_code
.Fo krb5_kt_resolve
.Fa "krb5_context context"
.Fa "const char *name"
.Fa "krb5_keytab *id"
.Fc
.Ft krb5_error_code
.Fo krb5_kt_start_seq_get
.Fa "krb5_context context"
.Fa "krb5_keytab id"
.Fa "krb5_kt_cursor *cursor"
.Fc
.Sh DESCRIPTION
A keytab name is on the form
.Li type:residual .
The
.Li residual
part is specific to each keytab-type.
.Pp
When a keytab-name is resolved, the type is matched with an internal
list of keytab types. If there is no matching keytab type,
the default keytab is used. The current default type is
.Nm file .
The default value can be changed in the configuration file
.Pa /etc/krb5.conf
by setting the variable
.Li [defaults]default_keytab_name .
.Pp
The keytab types that are implemented in Heimdal
are:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Nm file
store the keytab in a file, the type's name is
.Li FILE .
The residual part is a filename.
For compatibility with other Kerberos implemtation
.Li WRFILE
and
.LI JAVA14
is also accepted.
.Li WRFILE
has the same format as
.Li FILE .
.Li JAVA14
have a format that is compatible with older versions of MIT kerberos
and SUN's Java based installation.  They store a truncted kvno, so
when the knvo excess 255, they are truncted in this format.
.It Nm keyfile
store the keytab in a
.Li AFS
keyfile (usually
.Pa /usr/afs/etc/KeyFile ) ,
the type's name is
.Li AFSKEYFILE .
The residual part is a filename.
.It Nm krb4
the keytab is a Kerberos 4
.Pa srvtab
that is on-the-fly converted to a keytab. The type's name is
.Li krb4 .
The residual part is a filename.
.It Nm memory
The keytab is stored in a memory segment. This allows sensitive and/or
temporary data not to be stored on disk. The type's name is
.Li MEMORY .
Each
.Li MEMORY
keytab is referenced counted by and opened by the residual name, so two
handles can point to the same memory area.
When the last user closes the entry, it disappears.
.El
.Pp
.Nm krb5_keytab_entry
holds all data for an entry in a keytab file, like principal name,
key-type, key, key-version number, etc.
.Nm krb5_kt_cursor
holds the current position that is used when iterating through a
keytab entry with
.Fn krb5_kt_start_seq_get ,
.Fn krb5_kt_next_entry ,
and
.Fn krb5_kt_end_seq_get .
.Pp
.Nm krb5_kt_ops
contains the different operations that can be done to a keytab. This
structure is normally only used when doing a new keytab-type
implementation.
.Pp
.Fn krb5_kt_resolve
is the equivalent of an
.Xr open 2
on keytab. Resolve the keytab name in
.Fa name
into a keytab in
.Fa id .
Returns 0 or an error. The opposite of
.Fn krb5_kt_resolve
is
.Fn krb5_kt_close .
.Pp
.Fn krb5_kt_close
frees all resources allocated to the keytab, even on failure.
Returns 0 or an error.
.Pp
.Fn krb5_kt_default
sets the argument
.Fa id
to the default keytab.
Returns 0 or an error.
.Pp
.Fn krb5_kt_default_modify_name
copies the name of the default modify keytab into
.Fa name .
Return 0 or KRB5_CONFIG_NOTENUFSPACE if
.Fa namesize
is too short.
.Pp
.Fn krb5_kt_default_name
copies the name of the default keytab into
.Fa name .
Return 0 or KRB5_CONFIG_NOTENUFSPACE if
.Fa namesize
is too short.
.Pp
.Fn krb5_kt_add_entry
adds a new
.Fa entry
to the keytab
.Fa id .
.Li KRB5_KT_NOWRITE
is returned if the keytab is a readonly keytab.
.Pp
.Fn krb5_kt_compare
compares the passed in
.Fa entry
against
.Fa principal ,
.Fa vno ,
and
.Fa enctype .
Any of
.Fa principal ,
.Fa vno
or
.Fa enctype
might be 0 which acts as a wildcard. Return TRUE if they compare the
same, FALSE otherwise.
.Pp
.Fn krb5_kt_copy_entry_contents
copies the contents of
.Fa in
into
.Fa out .
Returns 0 or an error.
.Pp
.Fn krb5_kt_get_name
retrieves the name of the keytab
.Fa keytab
into
.Fa name ,
.Fa namesize .
Returns 0 or an error.
.Pp
.Fn krb5_kt_get_type
retrieves the type of the keytab
.Fa keytab
and store the prefix/name for type of the keytab into
.Fa prefix ,
.Fa prefixsize .
The prefix will have the maximum length of
.Dv KRB5_KT_PREFIX_MAX_LEN
(including terminating
.Dv NUL ) .
Returns 0 or an error.
.Pp
.Fn krb5_kt_free_entry
frees the contents of
.Fa entry .
.Pp
.Fn krb5_kt_start_seq_get
sets
.Fa cursor
to point at the beginning of
.Fa id .
Returns 0 or an error.
.Pp
.Fn krb5_kt_next_entry
gets the next entry from
.Fa id
pointed to by
.Fa cursor
and advance the
.Fa cursor .
On success the returne entry must be freed with
.Fn krb5_kt_free_entry .
Returns 0 or an error.
.Pp
.Fn krb5_kt_end_seq_get
releases all resources associated with
.Fa cursor .
.Pp
.Fn krb5_kt_get_entry
retrieves the keytab entry for
.Fa principal ,
.Fa kvno ,
.Fa enctype
into
.Fa entry
from the keytab
.Fa id .
When comparing an entry in the keytab to determine a match, the
function
.Fn krb5_kt_compare
is used, so the wildcard rules applies to the argument of
.F krb5_kt_get_entry
too.
On success the returne entry must be freed with
.Fn krb5_kt_free_entry .
Returns 0 or an error.
.Pp
.Fn krb5_kt_read_service_key
reads the key identified by
.Fa ( principal ,
.Fa vno ,
.Fa enctype )
from the keytab in
.Fa keyprocarg
(the system default keytab if 
.Dv NULL
is used) into
.Fa *key .
.Fa keyprocarg
is the same argument as to
.Fa name
argument to
.Fn krb5_kt_resolve .
Internal
.Fn krb5_kt_compare
will be used, so the same wildcard rules applies
to
.Fn krb5_kt_read_service_key .
On success the returned key must be freed with
.Fa krb5_free_keyblock .
Returns 0 or an error.
.Pp
.Fn krb5_kt_remove_entry
removes the entry
.Fa entry
from the keytab
.Fa id .
When comparing an entry in the keytab to determine a match, the
function
.Fn krb5_kt_compare
is use, so the wildcard rules applies to the argument of
.Fn krb5_kt_remove_entry .
Returns 0, 
.Dv KRB5_KT_NOTFOUND
if not entry matched or another error.
.Pp
.Fn krb5_kt_register
registers a new keytab type
.Fa ops .
Returns 0 or an error.
.Sh EXAMPLES
This is a minimalistic version of
.Nm ktutil .
.Pp
.Bd -literal
int
main (int argc, char **argv)
{
    krb5_context context;
    krb5_keytab keytab;
    krb5_kt_cursor cursor;
    krb5_keytab_entry entry;
    krb5_error_code ret;
    char *principal;

    if (krb5_init_context (&context) != 0)
	errx(1, "krb5_context");

    ret = krb5_kt_default (context, &keytab);
    if (ret)
	krb5_err(context, 1, ret, "krb5_kt_default");

    ret = krb5_kt_start_seq_get(context, keytab, &cursor);
    if (ret)
	krb5_err(context, 1, ret, "krb5_kt_start_seq_get");
    while((ret = krb5_kt_next_entry(context, keytab, &entry, &cursor)) == 0){
	krb5_unparse_name_short(context, entry.principal, &principal);
	printf("principal: %s\\n", principal);
	free(principal);
	krb5_kt_free_entry(context, &entry);
    }
    ret = krb5_kt_end_seq_get(context, keytab, &cursor);
    if (ret)
	krb5_err(context, 1, ret, "krb5_kt_end_seq_get");
    ret = krb5_kt_close(context, keytab);
    if (ret)
	krb5_err(context, 1, ret, "krb5_kt_close");
    krb5_free_context(context);
    return 0;
}
.Ed
.Sh COMPATIBILITY
Heimdal stored the ticket flags in machine bit-field order before
Heimdal 0.7.  The behavior is possible to change in with the option
.Li [libdefaults]fcc-mit-ticketflags .
Heimdal 0.7 also code to detech that ticket flags was in the wrong
order and correct them.  This matters when doing delegation in GSS-API
because the client code looks at the flag to determin if its possible
to do delegation if the user requested it.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr krb5.conf 5 ,
.Xr kerberos 8