Similar to pcm_resample_16(), implement pcm_resample_24(). The 24 bit
implementation is very similar, but it uses src_int_to_float_array()
instead of src_short_to_float_array() before sending data to
libsamplerate.
Use sizeof(sample) instead of hard-coding "2". Although we're in 16
bit right now, this will make code sharing easier when we support
other sample sizes.