Kanji Hiragana English 嗚呼 ああ Ah!, Oh!, Alas! 相 あい together, mutually, fellow 相変わらず あいかわらず as ever, as usual, the same 愛想 あいそ civility, courtesy, compliments, sociability, graces 相対 あいたい confrontation, facing, between ourselves, no third party, tete-a-tete 間柄 あいだがら relation(ship) 愛憎 あいにく likes and dislikes 合間 あいま interval 曖昧 あいまい vague, ambiguous 敢えて あえて dare (to do), challenge (to do) 仰ぐ あおぐ to look up (to), to respect, to depend on, to ask for, to seek, to revere, to drink, to take 垢 あか dirt, filth 亜科 あか suborder, subfamily 銅 あかがね copper 証 あかし proof, evidence 赤字 あかじ deficit, go in the red 明かす あかす to pass, spend, to reveal, to divulge 赤ちゃん あかちゃん baby, infant 明白 あからさま obvious, overt, plainly, frankly 赤らむ あからむ to become red, to redden, to blush 明るい あかるい bright, cheerful 上がり あがり 1. slope, advance income, crop yield, ascent, rise, advance, death, spinning, completion, stop, finish, after 上がる あがる to enter, to go up, to rise, to climb up, to advance, to appreciate, to be promoted, to improve, to call on, 商人 あきうど trader, shopkeeper, merchant 空間 あきま vacancy, room for rent or lease 諦め あきらめ resignation, acceptance, consolation 呆れる あきれる to be amazed, to be shocked 悪 あく evil, wickedness 灰 あく puckery juice あくどい 1. gaudy, showy, excessive, 2. vicious 悪日 あくび unlucky day 明くる あくる next, following 憧れ あこがれ yearning, longing, aspiration 顎 あご chin 麻 あさ flax, linen, hemp 明後日 あさって day after tomorrow 朝寝坊 あさねぼう oversleeping, late riser 浅ましい あさましい wretched, miserable, shameful, mean, despicable, abject 字 あざ section of village 欺く あざむく to deceive 鮮やか あざやか vivid, clear, brilliant あざ笑う あざわらう to sneer at, to ridicule 味わい あじわい flavour, meaning, significance 東 あずま east, Eastern Japan 焦る あせる to be in a hurry, to be impatient 彼処 あそこ 1. (uk) there, over there, that place, 2. (X) (col) genitals 値 あたい value, price, cost, worth, merit 値する あたいする to be worth, to deserve, to merit 私 あたし I (fem) 当たり あたり hit, success, reaching the mark, per ..., vicinity, neighborhood 当たり前 あたりまえ usual, common, ordinary, natural, reasonable, obvious 他人 あだびと another person, unrelated person, outsider, stranger 彼方此方 あちこち here and there 彼方 あちら 1. there, yonder, that 彼方此方 あちらこちら here and there 悪化 あっか deterioration, growing worse, aggravation, degeneration, corruption 呆気ない あっけない not enough, too quick (short long etc.) 悪口 あっこう abuse, insult, slander, evil speaking あっさり easily, readily, quickly 圧迫 あっぱく pressure, coercion, oppression 扱い あつかい treatment, service 集まる あつまる to gather, to collect, to assemble 誂える あつらえる to give an order, to place an order 圧力 あつりょく stress, pressure 当て あて object, aim, end, hopes, expectations 宛 あて addressed to 当て字 あてじ phonetic-equivalent character, substitute character 当てはまる あてはまる to apply (a rule) 当てはめる あてはめる to apply, to adapt 宛てる あてる to address 跡継ぎ あとつぎ heir, successor 後回し あとまわし putting off, postponing 貴女 あなた you, lady 彼の あの that over there 溢れる あふれる to flood, to overflow, to brim over 油絵 あぶらえ oil painting 炙る あぶる to scorch あべこべ contrary, opposite, inverse 甘える あまえる to behave like a spoiled child, to fawn on 甘口 あまくち sweet flavour, mildness, flattery, stupidity 雨具 あまぐ rain gear 天 あまつ heavenly, imperial 網 あみ net, network 天地 あめつち heaven and earth, the universe, nature, top and bottom, realm, sphere, world 操る あやつる to manipulate, to operate, to pull strings あやふや uncertain, vague, ambiguous 危ぶむ あやぶむ to fear, to have misgivings, to be doubtful, to mistrust 過ち あやまち fault, error, indiscretion 誤る あやまる to make a mistake 歩み あゆみ walking 歩む あゆむ to walk, to go on foot あら oh, ah, saw-edged perch (Niphon spinosus) 予め あらかじめ beforehand, in advance, previously 荒らす あらす to lay waste, to devastate, to damage, to invade, to break into 粗筋 あらすじ outline, summary 争い あらそい dispute, strife, quarrel, dissension, conflict, rivalry, contest 改まる あらたまる to be renewed 荒っぽい あらっぽい rough, rude 凡ゆる あらゆる all, every あられ kind of cookie, cartoon character 現われ あらわれ embodiment, materialization 現われる あらわれる to appear, to come in sight, to become visible, to come out, to embody, to materialize, to express oneself 有難う ありがとう Thank you 有様 ありさま state, condition, circumstances, the way things are or should be, truth 有りのまま ありのまま the truth, fact, as it is, frankly 或る ある a certain..., some... 或いは あるいは or, possibly 彼此 あれこれ one thing or another, this and that, this or that 合わす あわす to join together, to face, to unite, to be opposite, to combine, to connect, to add up, to mix, to match, to 合わせ あわせ joint together, opposite, facing 慌ただしい あわただしい busy, hurried, confused, flurried 慌てる あわてる to become confused (disconcerted disorganized) 暗殺 あんさつ assassination 暗算 あんざん mental arithmetic 暗示 あんじ hint, suggestion 案じる あんじる to be anxious, to ponder 安静 あんせい rest 案の定 あんのじょう sure enough, as usual 余り あんまり not very (this form only used as adverb), not much, remainder, rest, remnant, surplus, balance, excess, rema 依 い depending on 良い いい good 伊井 いい that one, Italy 否 いいえ no, nay, yes, well いい加減 いいかげん moderate, right, random, not thorough, vague, irresponsible, halfhearted 言い訳 いいわけ excuse, explanation 家出 いえで running away from home, leaving home 家主 いえぬし landlord 如何 いかが how, in what way 生かす いかす to revive, to resuscitate, to make use of 雷 いかずち thunder 如何に いかに how?, in what way?, how much?, however, whatever 如何にも いかにも indeed, really, phrase meaning agreement 怒り いかり anger, hatred 怒る いかる to get angry, to be angry 歪む いがむ to warp, to swerve, to deflect, to be crooked, to be distorted, to be bent, to incline, to slant, to be perv 粋 いき chic, style, purity, essence 域外 いきがい outside the area 意気込む いきごむ to be enthusiastic about 経緯 いきさつ 1. details, whole story, sequence of events, particulars, how it started, how things got this way, 2. c 行き違い いきちがい misunderstanding, estrangement, disagreement, crossing without meeting, going astray 行き成り いきなり suddenly 異議 いぎ objection, dissent, protest いく to come, to orgasm 軍 いくさ war, battle, campaign, fight 戦 いくさ war, battle, campaign, fight 育成 いくせい rearing, training, nurture, cultivation, promotion 幾多 いくた many, numerous 活ける いける to arrange (flowers) 異見 いけん different opinion, objection 意向 いこう intention, idea, inclination 移行 いこう switching over to いざ now, come (now), well, crucial moment 碑 いしぶみ stone monument bearing an inscription 衣装 いしょう clothing, costume, outfit, garment, dress 意地 いじ disposition, spirit, willpower, obstinacy, backbone, appetite 苛める いじめる to tease, to torment, to persecute, to chastise 移住 いじゅう migration, immigration 弄る いじる to touch, to tamper with 何れ いずれ where, which, who, anyway, anyhow, at any rate 異性 いせい the opposite sex 遺跡 いせき historic ruins (remains relics) 依然 いぜん still, as yet 依存 いそん dependence, dependent, reliance 委託 いたく consign (goods (for sale) to a firm), entrust (person with something), commit 悪戯 いたずら tease, prank, trick, practical joke, mischief 頂 いただき (top of) head, summit, spire 戴きます いただきます expression of gratitude before meals 至って いたって very much, exceedingly, extremely 痛む いたむ to hurt, to feel a pain, to be injured 痛める いためる to hurt, to injure, to cause pain, to worry, to bother, to afflict, to be grieved over 炒める いためる to stir-fry 労る いたわる to pity, to sympathize with, to console, to care for, to be kind to 市 いち market, fair 位地 いち place, situation, position, location 一々 いちいち one by one, separately 一概に いちがいに unconditionally, as a rule 一見 いちげん unfamiliar, never before met 一言 いちげん single word 一日 いちじつ (1) one day, (2) first of month 一定 いちじょう fixed, settled, definite, uniform, regularized, defined, standardized, certain, prescribed 著しい いちじるしい remarkable, considerable 一同 いちどう all present, all concerned, all of us 一人 いちにん one person 一部 いちぶ 1. one copy e.g. of a document, 2. a part, partly, some 一部分 いちぶぶん a part 一別 いちべつ parting 一面 いちめん one side, one phase, front page, the other hand, the whole surface 一目 いちもく a glance, a look, a glimpse 一様 いちよう uniformity, evenness, similarity, equality, impartiality 一律 いちりつ evenness, uniformity, monotony, equality 一連 いちれん a series, a chain, a ream (of paper) 一括 いっかつ all together, batch, one lump, one bundle, summing up 一気 いっき drink!(said repeatedly as a party cheer) 一挙に いっきょに at a stroke, with a single swoop 一切 いっさい all, everything, without exception, the whole, entirely, absolutely 一心 いっしん one mind, wholeheartedness, the whole heart いっそ rather, sooner, might as well 一帯 いったい a region, a zone, the whole place 一敗 いっぱい one defeat 一変 いっぺん complete change, about-face 何時 いつ when, how soon 何時か いつか sometime, someday, one day, some time or other, the other day, in due course, in time 何時でも いつでも (at) any time, always, at all times, never (neg), whenever 何時の間にか いつのまにか before one knows, unnoticed, unawares 何時までも いつまでも forever, for good, eternally, as long as one likes, indefinitely 何時も いつも always, usually, every time, never (with neg. verb) 意図 いと intention, aim, design 営む いとなむ to carry on (e.g. in ceremony), to run a business 暇 いとま free time, leisure, leave, spare time, farewell 異動 いどう a change 挑む いどむ to challenge, to contend for, to make love to 稲光 いなびかり (flash of) lightning 古 いにしえ antiquity, ancient times 祈り いのり prayer, supplication 鼾 いびき snoring 今更 いまさら now, at this late hour 未だ いまだ as yet, hitherto, not yet (neg) 移民 いみん emigration, immigration, emigrant, immigrant 厭々 いやいや unwillingly, grudgingly, shaking head in refusal (to children) 卑しい いやしい greedy, vulgar, shabby, humble, base, mean, vile いやに awfully, terribly 厭やらしい いやらしい detestable, disagreeable 愈々 いよいよ more and more, all the more, increasingly, at last, beyond doubt 意欲 いよく will, desire, ambition 苛々 いらいら getting nervous, irritation 入口 いりくち entrance, gate, approach, mouth 衣料 いりょう clothing 威力 いりょく power, might, authority, influence 入る いる to get in, to go in, to come in, to flow into, to set, to set in 衣類 いるい clothes, clothing, garments 色々 いろいろ various 異論 いろん different opinion, objection 所謂 いわゆる the so-called, so to speak 印 いん seal, stamp, mark, print 員 いん member 印鑑 いんかん stamp, seal 陰気 いんき gloom, melancholy 隠居 いんきょ retirement, retired person 上下 うえした high and low, up and down, unloading and loading, praising and blaming 浮かぶ うかぶ to float, to rise to surface, to come to mind 受かる うかる to pass (examination) 含嗽 うがい gargle, rinse mouth 受け入れ うけいれ receiving, acceptance 受け入れる うけいれる to accept, to receive 受け継ぐ うけつぐ to inherit, to succeed, to take over 受け付ける うけつける to be accepted, to receive (an application) 受け止める うけとめる to catch, to stop the blow, to react to, to take 受け取り うけとり receipt 受身 うけみ passive, passive voice 動き うごき movement, activity, trend, development, change 潮 うしお tide 氏 うじ family name 渦 うず swirl 埋まる うずまる to be buried, to be surrounded, to overflow, to be filled 嘘つき うそつき liar (sometimes said with not much seriousness), fibber 打ち合わせ うちあわせ business meeting, previous arrangement, appointment 打ち合わせる うちあわせる to knock together, to arrange 打ち切る うちきる to stop, to abort, to discontinue, to close 打ち消し うちけし negation, denial, negative 打ち込む うちこむ to drive in (e.g. nail stake), to devote oneself to, to shoot into, to smash, to throw into, to cast int 団扇 うちわ fan 内訳 うちわけ the items, breakdown, classification 訴え うったえ lawsuit, complaint 鬱陶しい うっとうしい gloomy, depressing 写し うつし copy, duplicate, facsimile, transcript 空ろ うつろ blank, cavity, hollow, empty (space) 器 うつわ bowl, vessel, container 雨天 うてん rainy weather 腕前 うでまえ ability, skill, facility 饂飩 うどん noodles (Japanese) 促す うながす to urge, to press, to suggest, to demand, to stimulate, to quicken, to incite, to invite (attention to) 唸る うなる to groan, to moan, to roar, to howl, to growl, to hum, to buzz, to sough 自惚れ うぬぼれ pretension, conceit, hubris 甘い うまい delicious 生まれつき うまれつき by nature, by birth, native 海路 うみじ sea route 産む うむ to give birth, to deliver, to produce 埋め込む うめこむ to bury 梅干 うめぼし dried plum 末 うら top end, tip 裏返し うらがえし inside out, upside down 売り出し うりだし (bargain) sale 売り出す うりだす to put on sale, to market, to become popular 潤う うるおう to be moist, to be damp, to get wet, to profit by, to be watered, to receive benefits, to favor, to charm, t 五月蝿い うるさい noisy, loud, fussy 売れ行き うれゆき sales 浮気 うわき flighty, fickle, wanton, unfaithful 上手 うわて 1. upper part, upper stream, left side (of a stage), 2. skillful (only in comparisons), dexterity (on 上回る うわまわる to exceed 植わる うわる to be planted 運営 うんえい management, administration, operation うんざり tedious, boring, being fed up with 運送 うんそう shipping, marine transportation 運賃 うんちん freight rates, shipping expenses, fare 云々 うんぬん and so on, and so forth, comment 運搬 うんぱん transport, carriage 運命 うんめい fate 運輸 うんゆ transportation 運用 うんよう making use of, application, investment, practical use 会 え understanding 重 え -fold, -ply えい ray (fish) 映写 えいしゃ projection 英字 えいじ English letter (character) 衛生 えいせい health, hygiene, sanitation, medical 映像 えいぞう reflection, image 英雄 えいゆう hero, great man 液 えき liquid, fluid 役 えき war, campaign, battle 閲覧 えつらん inspection, reading 獲物 えもの game, spoils, trophy 襟 えり neck, collar, lapel, neckband 縁 えん chance, fate, destiny, relation, bonds, connection, karma 塩 えん salt 艶 えん charming, fascinating, voluptuous 園 えん garden (esp. man-made) 円滑 えんかつ harmony, smoothness 縁側 えんがわ veranda, porch, balcony, open corridor 沿岸 えんがん coast, shore 婉曲 えんきょく euphemistic, circumlocution, roundabout, indirect, insinuating 演習 えんしゅう practice, exercises, manoeuvers 演出 えんしゅつ production (e.g. play), direction 演じる えんじる to perform (a play), to play (a part), to act (a part), to commit (a blunder) 演ずる えんずる to perform, to play 沿線 えんせん along railway line 縁談 えんだん marriage proposal, engagement 遠方 えんぽう long way, distant place 円満 えんまん perfection, harmony, peace, smoothness, completeness, satisfaction, integrity 尾 お tail, ridge 於 お at, in, on 甥 おい nephew 追い込む おいこむ to herd, to corner, to drive 美味しい おいしい delicious, tasty 追い出す おいだす to expel, to drive out 於いて おいて at, in, on お出でになる おいでになる to be 老いる おいる to age, to grow old 負う おう to bear, to owe 応急 おうきゅう emergency 黄金 おうごん gold 黄色 おうしょく yellow 応募 おうぼ subscription, application おおい hey! 大方 おおかた perhaps, almost all, majority 大柄 おおがら large build, large pattern 大げさ おおげさ grandiose, exaggerated 大事 おおごと important, valuable, serious matter 大ざっぱ おおざっぱ rough (as in not precise), broad, sketchy 大筋 おおすじ outline, summary 大空 おおぞら heaven, firmament, the sky 大幅 おおはば full width, large scale, drastic 大水 おおみず flood 公 おおやけ official, public, formal, open, governmental お蔭 おかげ (your) backing, assistance お蔭様で おかげさまで Thanks to god, thanks to you 可笑しい おかしい strange, funny, amusing, ridiculous 犯す おかす to commit, to perpetrate, to violate, to rape 侵す おかす to invade, to raid, to trespass, to violate, to intrude on お菜 おかず side dish, accompaniment for rice dishes 臆病 おくびょう cowardice, timidity 遅らす おくらす to retard, to delay 遅れ おくれ delay, lag 起こす おこす to raise, to cause, to wake someone 行い おこない deed, conduct, behavior, action, asceticism 厳か おごそか austere, majestic, dignified, stately, awful, impressive 傲る おごる to be proud 長 おさ chief, head 押さえる おさえる to stop, to restrain, to seize, to repress, to suppress, to press down お先に おさきに before, ahead, previously 収まる おさまる to be obtained, to end, to settle into, to fit into, to be settled, to be paid, to be delivered 納まる おさまる to be obtained, to end, to settle into, to fit into, to be settled, to be paid, to be delivered 治まる おさまる to be at peace, to clamp down, to lessen (storm terror anger) お産 おさん (giving) birth 教え おしえ teachings, precept, lesson, doctrine 押し込む おしこむ to push into, to crowd into 惜しむ おしむ to be frugal, to value, to regret お喋り おしゃべり chattering, talk, idle talk, chat, chitchat, gossip, chatty, talkative, chatterbox, blabbermouth お洒落 おしゃれ smartly dressed, someone smartly dressed, fashion-conscious 押し寄せる おしよせる to push aside, to advance on お祖父さん おじいさん grandfather, male senior-citizen お邪魔します おじゃまします Excuse me for disturbing (interrupting) you 雄 おす male (animal) お世辞 おせじ flattery, compliment 襲う おそう to attack 遅くとも おそくとも at the latest 恐らく おそらく perhaps 恐れ おそれ fear, horror 恐れ入る おそれいる to be filled with awe, to feel small, to be amazed, to be surprised, to be disconcerted, to be sorry, to b お大事に おだいじに Take care of yourself 煽てる おだてる to stir up, to instigate, to flatter 落ち込む おちこむ to fall into, to feel down (sad) 落ち着き おちつき calm, composure 落ち葉 おちば fallen leaves, leaf litter, defoliation, shedding leaves 落ちる おちる to fail (e.g. exam), to fall down, to drop おっかない frightening, huge 仰っしゃる おっしゃる to say, to speak, to tell, to talk 乙 おつ 1. strange, quaint, stylish, chic, spicy, queer, witty, tasty, romantic, 2. 2nd in rank, second sign of the お使い おつかい errand お手上げ おてあげ all over, given in, given up hope, bring to knees 御手洗い おてあらい toilet, restroom, lavatory, bathroom (US) 弟 おと younger brother 落とす おとす to drop, to lose, to let fall 訪れる おとずれる to visit 大人しい おとなしい obedient, docile, quiet 少女 おとめ daughter, young lady, virgin, maiden, little girl お供 おとも attendant, companion 衰える おとろえる to become weak, to decline, to wear, to abate, to decay, to wither, to waste away おどおど coweringly, hesitantly 脅かす おどかす to threaten, to coerce 脅す おどす to threaten, to menace 驚き おどろき surprise, astonishment, wonder 同い年 おないどし of the same age 女子 おなご woman, girl お願いします おねがいします please 各 おのおの each, every, either, respectively, severally 自ずから おのずから naturally, as a matter of course お早う おはよう Good morning お祖母さん おばあさん grandmother, female senior-citizen 怯える おびえる to become frightened, to have a nightmare 夥しい おびただしい abundantly, innumerably 帯びる おびる to wear, to carry, to be entrusted, to have, to take on, to have a trace of, to be tinged with 覚え おぼえ memory, sense, experience 御負け おまけ 1. a discount, a prize, 2. something additional, bonus, an extra, 3. an exaggeration お巡りさん おまわりさん policeman (friendly term) お宮 おみや Shinto shrine お襁褓 おむつ diaper, nappy お目出度う おめでとう (ateji) (int) (uk) Congratulations!, an auspicious occasion! 面 おも face 思い付き おもいつき plan, idea, suggestion 面白い おもしろい interesting, amusing 玩具 おもちゃ toy 重なる おもなる main, principal, important 趣 おもむき meaning, tenor, gist, effect, appearance, taste, grace, charm, refinement 赴く おもむく to go, to proceed, to repair to, to become 重役 おもやく heavy responsibilities, director 重んじる おもんじる to respect, to honor, to esteem, to prize 重んずる おもんずる to honor, to respect, to esteem, to prize お休み おやすみ holiday, absence, rest, Good night お八 おやつ 1. (uk) between meal snack, afternoon refreshment, afternoon tea, 2. mid-day snack 凡そ およそ about, roughly, as a rule, approximately 及び および and, as well as 及ぶ およぶ to reach, to come up to, to amount to, to befall, to happen to, to extend, to match, to equal 織 おり weave, weaving, woven item 檻 おり cage, pen, jail cell 折り返す おりかえす to turn up, to fold back 織物 おりもの textile, fabric 織る おる to weave 俺 おれ I (ego) (boastful first-person pronoun) 愚か おろか foolish, stupid 疎か おろそか neglect, negligence, carelessness 終わる おわる to finish, to close 音色 おんいろ tone color, tone quality, timbre, synthesizer patch 温和 おんわ gentle, mild, moderate 仮 か tentative, provisional 科 か department, section 個 か article counter 下位 かい low rank, subordinate, lower order (e.g. byte) 階 かい -floor (counter), stories 改悪 かいあく deterioration, changing for the worse 海運 かいうん maritime, marine transportation 改革 かいかく reform, reformation, innovation 貝殻 かいがら shell 階級 かいきゅう class, rank, grade 海峡 かいきょう channel 会見 かいけん interview, audience 介護 かいご nursing 開催 かいさい holding a meeting, open an exhibition 回収 かいしゅう collection, recovery 改修 かいしゅう repair, improvement 怪獣 かいじゅう monster 解除 かいじょ cancellation, rescinding, release, calling off 回送 かいそう forwarding 階層 かいそう class, level, stratum, hierarchy 開拓 かいたく reclamation (of wasteland), cultivation, pioneer 会談 かいだん conversation, conference, discussion, interview 改定 かいてい reform 改訂 かいてい revision 街道 かいどう highway 介入 かいにゅう intervention 開発 かいはつ development, exploitation 海抜 かいばつ height above sea level 介抱 かいほう nursing, looking after 解剖 かいぼう dissection, autopsy 回覧 かいらん circulation 海流 かいりゅう ocean current 改良 かいりょう improvement, reform 回路 かいろ circuit (electric) 顧みる かえりみる to look back, to turn around, to review 省みる かえりみる to reflect 返る かえる to return, to come back, to go back 顔付き かおつき (outward) looks, features, face, countenance, expression 掲げる かかげる to publish, to print, to carry (an article), to put up, to hang out, to hoist, to fly (a sail), to float (a 踵 かかと (shoe) heel 係り かかり official, duty, person in charge 課外 かがい extracurricular 書き取り かきとり dictation 書き取る かきとる to write down, to take dictation, to take notes 掻き回す かきまわす to stir up, to churn, to ransack, to disturb 欠く かく to lack, to break, to crack, to chip 角 かく 1. angle, 2. bishop (shogi) 核 かく nucleus, kernel 格 かく status, character, case 佳句 かく beautiful passage of literature 画 かく stroke 格差 かくさ qualitative difference, disparity 拡散 かくさん scattering, diffusion 各種 かくしゅ every kind, all sorts 隔週 かくしゅう every other week 確信 かくしん conviction, confidence 革新 かくしん reform, innovation 確定 かくてい definition (math), decision, settlement 獲得 かくとく acquisition, possession 確保 かくほ guarantee, ensure, maintain, insure, secure 革命 かくめい revolution 確立 かくりつ establishment 賭け かけ betting, gambling, a gamble 掛け かけ credit 駆け足 かけあし running fast, double time 家計 かけい household economy, family finances 駆けっこ かけっこ (foot) race 駆ける かける to run (race esp. horse), to gallop, to canter 賭ける かける to wager, to bet, to risk, to stake, to gamble ヶ月 かげつ #NAME? 加工 かこう manufacturing, processing, treatment 化合 かごう chemical combination 嵩張る かさばる to be bulky, to be unwieldy, to grow voluminous 嵩む かさむ to pile up, to increase 風車 かざぐるま 1. windmill, 2. pinwheel 畏まりました かしこまりました certainly! 華奢 かしゃ luxury, pomp, delicate, slender, gorgeous 箇所 かしょ passage, place, point, part 火傷 かしょう burn, scald 箇条書き かじょうがき itemized form, itemization 噛る かじる to chew, to bite (at), to gnaw, to nibble, to munch, to crunch, to have a smattering of 微か かすか faint, dim, weak, indistinct, hazy, poor, wretched 霞む かすむ to grow hazy, to be misty 化する かする to change into, to convert into, to transform, to be reduced, to influence, to improve (someone) 擦る かする to touch lightly, to take a percentage (from) 火星 かせい Mars (planet) 化石 かせき fossil, petrifaction, fossilization 河川 かせん rivers 化繊 かせん synthetic fibres 過疎 かそ depopulation 過多 かた excess, superabundance 難い かたい difficult, hard 片思い かたおもい unrequited love 敵 かたき enemy, rival 気質 かたぎ spirit, character, trait, temperament, disposition 片言 かたこと a smattering, talk like a baby, speak haltingly 片付け かたづけ tidying up, finishing 傾く かたぶく to incline toward, to slant, to lurch, to heel over, to be disposed to, to trend toward, to be prone to, to 傾ける かたむける to incline, to list, to bend, to lean, to tip, to tilt, to slant, to concentrate on, to ruin (a country), to 固める かためる to harden, to freeze, to fortify 偏る かたよる to be one-sided, to incline, to be partial, to be prejudiced, to lean, to be biased 傍ら かたわら beside(s), while, nearby 課題 かだい subject, theme, task 花壇 かだん flower bed 家畜 かちく domestic animals, livestock, cattle 画期 かっき epoch-making 活発 かっぱつ vigor, active 且つ かつ yet, and 割 かつ divide, cut, halve, separate, split, rip, break, crack, smash, dilute 嘗て かつて once, ever 日付 かづけ date, dating 門 かど gate 叶う かなう to come true (wish) 叶える かなえる to grant (request wish) 金槌 かなづち 1. (iron) hammer, 2. punishment 鉄棒 かなぼう iron rod, crowbar, horizontal bar (gymnastics) 可成 かなり considerably, fairly, quite 加入 かにゅう becoming a member, joining, entry, admission, subscription, affiliation, adherence, signing 金庫 かねぐら safe, vault, treasury, provider of funds 予言 かねごと prediction, promise, prognostication 兼ねて かねて simultaneously 下番 かばん going off duty 下品 かひん inferior article 華美 かび pomp, splendor, gaudiness 花粉 かふん pollen 株式 かぶしき stock (company) 気触れる かぶれる to react to, to be influenced by, to go overboard for 貨幣 かへい money, currency, coinage 構え かまえ posture, pose, style 構える かまえる to set up 加味 かみ seasoning, flavoring 噛み切る かみきる to bite off, to gnaw through 過密 かみつ crowded 瓶 かめ earthenware pot かも知れない かもしれない may, might, perhaps, may be, possibly 粥 かゆ (rice) gruel 痒い かゆい itchy, itching 揶揄う からかう to ridicule, to tease, to banter with, to make fun of 身体 からだ the body 体付き からだつき body build, figure 絡む からむ to entangle, to entwine 借り かり borrowing, debt, loan 下吏 かり lower official 加留多 かるた (pt:) (n) playing cards (pt: carta) 涸れる かれる to dry up, to run out 過労 かろう overwork, strain 辛うじて かろうじて barely, narrowly, just manage to do st 側 かわ side, row, surroundings, part, (watch) case 可愛い かわいい pretty, cute, lovely, charming, dear, darling, pet 可愛がる かわいがる to love, to be affectionate 可哀想 かわいそう poor, pitiable, pathetic 可愛らしい かわいらしい lovely, sweet 交わす かわす to exchange (messages), to dodge, to parry, to avoid, to turn aside 代わる かわる to take the place of, to relieve, to be substituted for, to be exchanged, to change places with, to take 代わる代わる かわるがわる alternately 乾 かん heaven, emperor 管 かん pipe, tube 幹 かん (tree) trunk 冠 かん crown, diadem, first, best, peerless, cap, naming, designating, initiating on coming of age, top character ra 観 かん look, appearance, spectacle 館 かん house, hall, building, hotel, inn, guesthouse 簡易 かんい simplicity, easiness, quasi- 感慨 かんがい strong feelings, deep emotion 寒気 かんき cold, frost, chill 簡潔 かんけつ brevity, conciseness, simplicity 還元 かんげん resolution, reduction, return to origins 刊行 かんこう publication, issue 慣行 かんこう customary practice, habit, traditional event 勧告 かんこく advice, counsel, remonstrance, recommendation 看護 かんご nursing, (army) nurse 漢語 かんご Chinese word, Sino-Japanese word 換算 かんさん conversion, change, exchange 監視 かんし observation, guarding, inspection, surveillance 慣習 かんしゅう usual (historical) custom 観衆 かんしゅう spectators, onlookers, members of the audience 干渉 かんしょう interference, intervention 感触 かんしょく sense of touch, feeling, sensation 肝心 かんじん essential, fundamental, crucial, vital, main 歓声 かんせい cheer, shout of joy 感染 かんせん infection, contagion 幹線 かんせん main line, trunk line 関税 かんぜい customs, duty, tariff 簡素 かんそ simplicity, plain 観点 かんてん point of view 感度 かんど sensitivity, severity (quake) 幹部 かんぶ management, (executive) staff, leaders 勘弁 かんべん pardon, forgiveness, forbearance 完璧 かんぺき perfection, completeness, flawless 感無量 かんむりょう deep feeling, inexpressible feeling, filled with emotion 勧誘 かんゆう invitation, solicitation, canvassing, inducement, persuasion, encouragement 関与 かんよ participation, taking part in, participating in, being concerned in 慣用 かんよう common, customary 寛容 かんよう forbearance, tolerance, generosity 観覧 かんらん viewing 官僚 かんりょう bureaucrat, bureaucracy 慣例 かんれい custom, precedent, of convention 還暦 かんれき 60th birthday 貫禄 かんろく presence, dignity 緩和 かんわ relief, mitigation 蓋 がい cover, lid, cap 街 がい ~street, ~quarters 外貨 がいか imported goods, foreign money 外観 がいかん appearance, exterior, facade 外相 がいしょう Foreign Minister 害する がいする to injure, to damage, to harm, to kill, to hinder 概説 がいせつ general statement, outline 該当 がいとう corresponding, answering to, coming under 街頭 がいとう in the street 概念 がいねん general idea, concept, notion 外来 がいらい imported, outpatient clinic 概略 がいりゃく outline, summary, gist, in brief 学芸 がくげい arts and sciences, liberal arts 学士 がくし university graduate 学説 がくせつ theory 楽譜 がくふ score (music) 学歴 がくれき academic background 崖 がけ cliff 雅致 がち artistry, good taste, elegance, grace がっくり heartbroken 合唱 がっしょう chorus, singing in a chorus がっしり firmly, solidly, tough 合致 がっち agreement, concurrence, conforming to がっちり solidly built, tightly, shrewd, calculating 月日 がっぴ (the) date 合併 がっぺい combination, union, amalgamation, consolidation, merger, coalition, fusion, annexation, affiliation, incorpor がる feel 側 がわ side, row, surroundings, part, (watch) case 癌 がん cancer 眼科 がんか ophthalmology 眼球 がんきゅう eyeball 眼鏡 がんきょう spectacles, glasses 頑固 がんこ stubbornness, obstinacy 願書 がんしょ written application or petition 頑丈 がんじょう solid, firm, stout, burly, strong, sturdy 岩石 がんせき rock 元年 がんねん first year (of a specific reign) 贋物 がんぶつ imitation, counterfeit, forgery, sham 元来 がんらい originally, primarily, essentially, logically, naturally 生 き pure, undiluted, raw, crude 期 き period, time 企画 きかく planning, project 規格 きかく standard, norm 着飾る きかざる to dress up 器官 きかん organ (of body), instrument 季刊 きかん quarterly (e.g. magazine) 危害 きがい injury, harm, danger 気兼ね きがね hesitance, diffidence, feeling constraint, fear of troubling someone, having scruples about doing someth 気軽 きがる cheerful, buoyant, lighthearted 危機 きき crisis 聞き取り ききとり listening comprehension 効き目 ききめ effect, virtue, efficacy, impression 帰京 ききょう returning to Tokyo 基金 ききん fund, foundation 棄権 きけん abstain from voting, renunciation of a right 喜劇 きげき comedy, funny show 起源 きげん origin, beginning, rise 機構 きこう mechanism, organization 既婚 きこん marriage, married 記載 きさい mention, entry 気障 きざ affectation, conceit, snobbery 兆し きざし signs, omen, symptoms 兆 きざし signs, omen, symptoms 軋む きしむ to jar, to creak, to grate 気象 きしょう weather, climate 期日 きじつ fixed date, settlement date 記述 きじゅつ describing, descriptor 奇数 きすう odd number 築く きずく to build, to pile up, to amass 傷付く きずつく to be hurt, to be wounded, to get injured 規制 きせい regulation 汽船 きせん steamship 寄贈 きそう donation, presentation 貴族 きぞく noble, aristocrat 鍛える きたえる to forge, to drill, to temper, to train, to discipline 来る きたる to come, to arrive, to be due to, to be next, to be forthcoming 気立て きだて disposition, nature きちっと exactly, perfectly 几帳面 きちょうめん methodical, punctual, steady 切っ掛け きっかけ chance, start, cue, excuse, motive, impetus, occasion きっかり exactly, precisely 喫茶 きっさ tea drinking, tea house きっちり precisely, tightly 屹度 きっと 1. (uk) surely, undoubtedly, certainly, without fail, 2. sternly, severely きっぱり clearly, plainly, distinctly 規定 きてい regulation, provisions 起点 きてん starting point 軌道 きどう orbit, railroad track 甲 きのえ 1st in rank, first sign of the Chinese calendar, shell, instep, grade A 気配 きはい indication, market trend, worry 規範 きはん model, standard, pattern, norm, criterion, example 気品 きひん aroma 気風 きふう character, traits, ethos 起伏 きふく undulation 規模 きぼ scale, scope, plan, structure 気まぐれ きまぐれ whim, caprice, whimsy, fickle, moody, uneven temper 生真面目 きまじめ too serious, person who is too serious, honesty, sincerity 期末 きまつ end of term 決まり悪い きまりわるい feeling awkward, being ashamed 決まる きまる to be decided, to be settled, to look good in (clothes) 記名 きめい signature, register 脚色 きゃくしょく dramatization (e.g. film) 脚本 きゃくほん scenario 客観 きゃっかん objective 規約 きやく agreement, rules, code 救援 きゅうえん relief, rescue, reinforcement 休学 きゅうがく temporary absence from school, suspension 究極 きゅうきょく ultimate, final, eventual 窮屈 きゅうくつ narrow, tight, stiff, rigid, uneasy, formal, constrained 球根 きゅうこん (plant) bulb 救済 きゅうさい relief, aid, rescue, salvation, help 給食 きゅうしょく school lunch, providing a meal 給仕 きゅうじ office boy (girl), page, waiter 休戦 きゅうせん truce, armistice 旧知 きゅうち old friend, old friendship 宮殿 きゅうでん palace 窮乏 きゅうぼう poverty 丘陵 きゅうりょう hill 共 きょう both, neither (neg), all, and, as well as, including, with, together with, plural ending 供 きょう offer, present, submit, serve (a meal), supply 驚異 きょうい wonder, miracle 教員 きょういん teaching staff 教科 きょうか subject, curriculum 協会 きょうかい association, society, organization 共感 きょうかん sympathy, response 共学 きょうがく coeducation 協議 きょうぎ conference, consultation, discussion, negotiation 教訓 きょうくん lesson, precept, moral instruction 境遇 きょうぐう environment, circumstances 強行 きょうこう forcing, enforcement 強硬 きょうこう firm, vigorous, unbending, unyielding, strong, stubborn 凶作 きょうさく bad harvest, poor crop 共産 きょうさん communism 教材 きょうざい teaching materials 教習 きょうしゅう training, instruction 郷愁 きょうしゅう nostalgia, homesickness 教職 きょうしょく teaching certificate, the teaching profession 享受 きょうじゅ reception, acceptance, enjoyment, being given 興じる きょうじる to amuse oneself, to make merry 強制 きょうせい obligation, coercion, compulsion, enforcement 共存 きょうそん coexistence 姉妹 きょうだい sisters 協調 きょうちょう co-operation, conciliation, harmony, firm (market) tone 協定 きょうてい arrangement, pact, agreement 脅迫 きょうはく threat, menace, coercion, terrorism 共鳴 きょうめい resonance, sympathy 郷里 きょうり birth-place, home town 強烈 きょうれつ strong, intense, severe 共和 きょうわ republicanism, cooperation 曲 きょく tune, piece of music 局限 きょくげん limit, localize 極端 きょくたん extreme, extremity 居住 きょじゅう residence 拒絶 きょぜつ refusal, rejection 拒否 きょひ denial, veto, rejection, refusal 許容 きょよう permission, pardon 距離 きょり distance, range 寄与 きよ contribution, service 清らか きよらか clean, pure, chaste 気楽 きらく at ease, comfortable 煌びやか きらびやか gorgeous, gaudy, dazzling, gay 切り きり limits, end, bounds, period, place to leave off, closing sentence, all there is, only, since 桐 きり paulownia tree 切り替える きりかえる to change, to exchange, to convert, to renew, to throw a switch, to replace, to switch over 気流 きりゅう atmospheric current 奇麗 きれい pretty, clean, nice, tidy, beautiful, fair 切れ目 きれめ break, pause, gap, end, rift, interruption, cut, section, notch, incision, end (of a task) 際 きわ edge, brink, verge, side 木綿 きわた cotton 極めて きわめて exceedingly, extremely 僅 きん a little, small quantity 近眼 きんがん nearsightedness, shortsightedness, myopia 緊急 きんきゅう urgent, pressing, emergency 近々 きんきん nearness, before long 近郊 きんこう suburbs, outskirts 均衡 きんこう equilibrium, balance 近視 きんし shortsightedness 禁じる きんじる to prohibit 禁ずる きんずる to forbid, to suppress 勤勉 きんべん industry, diligence 勤務 きんむ service, duty, work 禁物 きんもつ taboo, forbidden thing 勤労 きんろう labor, exertion, diligent service 議案 ぎあん legislative bill 戯曲 ぎきょく play, drama 議決 ぎけつ resolution, decision, vote 議事堂 ぎじどう Diet building 犠牲 ぎせい sacrifice 偽造 ぎぞう forgery, falsification, fabrication, counterfeiting 議題 ぎだい topic of discussion, agenda 技能 ぎのう technical skill, ability, capacity 逆転 ぎゃくてん (sudden) change, reversal, turn-around, coming from behind (baseball) 行 ぎょう line, row, verse 業者 ぎょうしゃ trader, merchant 行政 ぎょうせい administration 業績 ぎょうせき achievement, performance, results, work, contribution 業務 ぎょうむ business, affairs, duties, work 玉 ぎょく king (shogi) 漁船 ぎょせん fishing boat 漁村 ぎょそん fishing village 義理 ぎり duty, sense of duty, honor, decency, courtesy, debt of gratitude, social obligation 疑惑 ぎわく doubt, misgivings, distrust, suspicion 吟味 ぎんみ testing, scrutiny, careful investigation 区 く ward, district, section 食い違う くいちがう to cross each other, to run counter to, to differ, to clash, to go awry 空腹 くうふく hunger 区画 くかく division, section, compartment, boundary, area, block 区間 くかん section (of track etc) 茎 くき stalk 区切り くぎり an end, a stop, punctuation 潜る くぐる 1. to drive, to pass through, 2. to evade, to hide, 3. to dive (into or under water), to go undergro 種々 くさぐさ variety 嚏 くしゃみ sneeze 旧事 くじ past events, bygones 籤引 くじびき lottery, drawn lot 擽ぐったい くすぐったい ticklish 草臥れる くたびれる to get tired, to wear out 下らない くだらない good-for-nothing, stupid, trivial, worthless 件 くだん example, precedent, the usual, the said, the above-mentioned, (man) in question 口ずさむ くちずさむ to hum something, to sing to oneself 嘴 くちばし beak, bill 朽ちる くちる to rot くっきり distinctly, clearly, boldly 屈折 くっせつ bending, indentation, refraction くっ付く くっつく to adhere to, to keep close to くっ付ける くっつける to attach 覆す くつがえす to overturn, to upset, to overthrow, to undermine 諄い くどい verbose, importunate, heavy (taste) 国境 くにざかい national or state border 首飾り くびかざり necklace 首輪 くびわ necklace, choker 組み合わせ くみあわせ combination 組み合わせる くみあわせる to join together, to combine, to join up 組み込む くみこむ to insert, to include, to cut in (printing) 蔵 くら warehouse, cellar, magazine, granary, godown, depository, treasury, elevator 苦しめる くるしめる to torment, to harass, to inflict pain 包む くるむ to be engulfed in, to be enveloped by, to wrap up, to tuck in, to pack, to do up, to cover with, to dress i 呉れ呉れも くれぐれも repeatedly, sincerely, earnestly 呉れる くれる to give, to let one have, to do for one, to be given 玄人 くろうと expert, professional, geisha, prostitute 黒字 くろじ balance (figure) in the black 君主 くんしゅ ruler, monarch 愚痴 ぐち idle complaint, grumble ぐっと firmly, fast, much, more ぐらい approximately 群 ぐん group (math) 軍艦 ぐんかん warship, battleship 群集 ぐんしゅう (social) group, crowd, throng, mob, multitude 軍事 ぐんじ military affairs 軍備 ぐんび armaments, military preparations 軍服 ぐんぷく military or naval uniform 刑 けい penalty, sentence, punishment 頃 けい time, about, toward, approximately (time) 傾 けい lean, incline 系 けい system, lineage, group 経過 けいか passage, expiration, progress 軽快 けいかい rhythmical (e.g. melody), casual (e.g. dress), light, nimble 警戒 けいかい warning, admonition, vigilance 計器 けいき meter, gauge 契機 けいき opportunity, chance 敬具 けいぐ Sincerely yours 軽減 けいげん abatement 掲載 けいさい appearance (e.g. article in paper) 傾斜 けいしゃ inclination, slant, slope, bevel, list, dip 形成 けいせい formation 形勢 けいせい condition, situation, prospects 軽率 けいそつ rash, thoughtless, careless, hasty 携帯 けいたい carrying something 形態 けいたい form, shape, figure 刑罰 けいばつ judgement, penalty, punishment 経費 けいひ expenses, cost, outlay 警部 けいぶ police inspector 軽蔑 けいべつ scorn, disdain 経歴 けいれき personal history, career 経路 けいろ course, route, channel 汚す けがす to disgrace, to dishonour 汚らわしい けがらわしい filthy, unfair 汚れ けがれ uncleanness, impurity, disgrace 汚れる けがれる to get dirty, to become dirty 獣 けだもの beast, brute 吝嗇 けち stinginess, miser, miserliness, skinflint, tightwad, niggard, pinching pennies 結核 けっかく tuberculosis, tubercule 血管 けっかん blood vessel 決行 けっこう doing (with resolve), carrying out (i.e. a plan) 決算 けっさん balance sheet, settlement of accounts 決勝 けっしょう decision of a contest, finals (in sports) 結晶 けっしょう crystal, crystallization 結成 けっせい formation 結束 けっそく union, unity 傑 けつ excellence 決意 けつい decision, determination 決議 けつぎ resolution, vote, decision 結合 けつごう combination, union 決断 けつだん decision, determination 欠乏 けつぼう want, shortage, famine 蹴飛ばす けとばす to kick away, to kick off, to kick (someone), to refuse, to reject 貶す けなす to speak ill of 煙たい けむたい smoky, feeling awkward 煙る けむる to smoke (e.g. fire) 家来 けらい retainer, retinue, servant けれど but, however 圏 けん sphere, circle, range 権 けん authority, the right (to do something) 権威 けんい authority, power, influence 兼業 けんぎょう side line, second business 権限 けんげん power, authority, jurisdiction 健在 けんざい in good health, well 懸賞 けんしょう offering prizes, winning, reward 検事 けんじ public prosecutor 健全 けんぜん health, soundness, wholesome 見地 けんち point of view 賢明 けんめい wisdom, intelligence, prudence 倹約 けんやく thrift, economy, frugality 兼用 けんよう multi-use, combined use, combination, serving two purposes 権力 けんりょく power, authority, influence 劇団 げきだん troupe, theatrical company 激励 げきれい encouragement 月謝 げっしゃ monthly tuition fee げっそり being disheartened, losing weight 月賦 げっぷ monthly installment 下痢 げり diarrhoea 原 げん original, primitive, primary, fundamental, raw 原形 げんけい original form, base form 現行 げんこう present, current, in operation 原作 げんさく original work 原子 げんし atom 元首 げんしゅ ruler, sovereign 原書 げんしょ original document 減少 げんしょう decrease, reduction, decline 現場 げんじょう actual spot, scene, scene of the crime 元素 げんそ chemical element 原則 げんそく principle, general rule 現像 げんぞう developing (film) 現地 げんち actual place, local 限定 げんてい limit, restriction 原点 げんてん origin (coordinates), starting point 原典 げんてん original (text) 減点 げんてん subtract, give a demerit 原爆 げんばく atomic bomb 原文 げんぶん the text, original 厳密 げんみつ strict, close 原油 げんゆ crude oil 言論 げんろん discussion 故 こ the late (deceased) 戸 こ counter for houses 児 こ child, the young of animals 巨 こ big, large, great 恋する こいする to fall in love with, to love 溝 こう 10^38, hundred undecillion (American), hundred sextillion (British) 校 こう -school, proof 好意 こうい good will, favor, courtesy 行為 こうい act, deed, conduct 行員 こういん bank clerk 交易 こうえき trade, commerce 公演 こうえん public performance 後悔 こうかい regret, repentance 公開 こうかい presenting to the public 航海 こうかい sail, voyage 工学 こうがく engineering 皇居 こうきょ Imperial Palace 好況 こうきょう prosperous conditions, healthy economy 抗議 こうぎ protest, objection 鉱業 こうぎょう mining industry 興業 こうぎょう industrial enterprise 高原 こうげん tableland, plateau 煌々と こうこうと brilliantly, brightly 考古学 こうこがく archaeology 交互 こうご mutual, reciprocal, alternate 工作 こうさく work, construction, handicraft, maneuvering 耕作 こうさく cultivation, farming 鉱山 こうざん mine (ore) 講習 こうしゅう short course, training 交渉 こうしょう negotiations, discussions, connection 高尚 こうしょう high, noble, refined, advanced 行進 こうしん march, parade 香辛料 こうしんりょう spices 口述 こうじゅつ verbal statement 控除 こうじょ subsidy, deduction 向上 こうじょう elevation, rise, improvement, advancement, progress 降水 こうすい rainfall, precipitation 洪水 こうずい flood 公然 こうぜん open (e.g. secret), public, official 抗争 こうそう dispute, resistance 構想 こうそう plan, plot, idea, conception 拘束 こうそく restriction, restraint 後退 こうたい retreat, backspace (BS) 光沢 こうたく brilliance, polish, lustre, glossy finish (of photographs) 公団 こうだん public corporation 好調 こうちょう favourable, promising, satisfactory, in good shape 口頭 こうとう oral 講読 こうどく reading, translation 購読 こうどく subscription (e.g. magazine) 購入 こうにゅう purchase, buy 公認 こうにん official recognition, authorization, licence, accreditation 光熱費 こうねつひ cost of fuel and light 荒廃 こうはい ruin 購買 こうばい purchase, buy 好評 こうひょう popularity, favorable reputation 交付 こうふ delivering, furnishing (with copies) 降伏 こうふく capitulation, surrender, submission 興奮 こうふん excitement, stimulation, agitation, arousal 公募 こうぼ public appeal, public contribution 巧妙 こうみょう ingenious, skillful, clever, deft 公用 こうよう government business, public use, public expense 小売 こうり retail 効率 こうりつ efficiency 公立 こうりつ public (institution) 小柄 こがら short (build) 小切手 こぎって cheque, check 国産 こくさん domestic products 国定 こくてい state-sponsored, national 国土 こくど realm 告白 こくはく confession, acknowledgement 国防 こくぼう national defence 国有 こくゆう national ownership 国連 こくれん U.N., United Nations 漕ぐ こぐ to row, to scull, to pedal 焦げ茶 こげちゃ black tea 個々 ここ individual, one by one 箇箇 ここ individual, separate 心地 ここち feeling, sensation, mood 心得 こころえ knowledge, information 心掛け こころがけ readiness, intention, aim 心掛ける こころがける to bear in mind, to aim to do 志 こころざし will, intention, motive 志す こころざす to plan, to intend, to aspire to, to set aims (sights on) 心強い こころづよい heartening, reassuring 心細い こころぼそい helpless, forlorn, hopeless, unpromising, lonely, discouraging, disheartening 試み こころみ trial, experiment 試みる こころみる to try, to test 快い こころよい pleasant, agreeable 凝らす こごらす to freeze, to congeal 凝る こごる to congeal, to freeze 拵える こしらえる to make, to manufacture 孤児 こじ orphan 拗れる こじれる to get complicated, to grow worse 故人 こじん the deceased, old friend 梢 こずえ treetop 個性 こせい individuality, personality, idiosyncrasy 戸籍 こせき census, family register 小銭 こぜに coins, small change 固体 こたい solid (body) 答え こたえ answer, response 堪える こたえる to bear, to stand, to endure, to put up with, to support, to withstand, to resist, to brave, to be fit for, t 火燵 こたつ table with heater, (orig) charcoal brazier in a floor well 古代 こだい ancient times こだわる to fuss over, to be particular about, to be concerned about 誇張 こちょう exaggeration 滑稽 こっけい funny, humorous, comical, laughable, ridiculous, joking 国交 こっこう diplomatic relations 骨董品 こっとうひん curio 骨 こつ knack, skill 固定 こてい fixation 事柄 ことがら matter, thing, affair, circumstance 悉く ことごとく altogether, entirely 言伝 ことづて declaration, hearsay 殊に ことに especially, above all 事によると ことによると depending on the circumstances 孤独 こどく isolation, loneliness, solitude 粉々 こなごな in very small pieces 此の この this この間 このあいだ the other day, lately, recently この頃 このごろ recently 好ましい このましい nice, likeable, desirable 個別 こべつ particular case 零す こぼす to spill 零れる こぼれる to overflow, to spill 細やか こまやか friendly 混む こむ to be crowded 込める こめる to include, to put into 篭る こもる to seclude oneself, to be confined in, to be implied, to be stuffy 固有 こゆう characteristic, tradition, peculiar, inherent, eigen- 雇用 こよう employment (long term), hire 暦 こよみ calendar, almanac 堪える こらえる to bear, to stand, to endure, to put up with, to support, to withstand, to resist, to brave, to be fit for, t 孤立 こりつ isolation, helplessness 懲りる こりる to learn by experience, to be disgusted with 此れ これ this 此れ等 これら these 魂 こん soul, spirit 根気 こんき patience, perseverance, energy 根拠 こんきょ basis, foundation 混血 こんけつ mixed race, mixed parentage 昆虫 こんちゅう insect, bug 根底 こんてい root, basis, foundation 混同 こんどう confusion, mixing, merger 今日は こんにちは hello, good day (daytime greeting id) 今晩は こんばんは good evening 根本 こんぽん origin, source, foundation, root, base, principle 御 ご go-, honourable 語彙 ごい vocabulary, glossary 濠 ごう moat 業 ごう Buddhist karma, actions committed in a former life 号 ごう number, issue 合意 ごうい agreement, consent, mutual understanding 合議 ごうぎ consultation, conference 強気 ごうぎ great, grand 合成 ごうせい synthesis, composition, synthetic, composite, mixed, combined, compound 護衛 ごえい guard, convoy, escort 語句 ごく words, phrases 極楽 ごくらく paradise ご苦労様 ごくろうさま Thank you very much for your.... 語源 ごげん word root, word derivation, etymology 誤差 ごさ error ご座います ございます to be (polite), to exist ご馳走 ごちそう feast, treating (someone) ご馳走さま ごちそうさま feast 毎 ごと each respectively 碁盤 ごばん Go board ご無沙汰 ごぶさた not writing or contacting for a while 誤魔化す ごまかす to deceive, to falsify, to misrepresent 御免ください ごめんください May I come in? 御免なさい ごめんなさい I beg your pardon, excuse me 御覧なさい ごらんなさい (please) look, (please) try to do 佐 さ help 再 さい re-, again, repeated 差異 さい difference, disparity 歳 さい #NAME? 再会 さいかい another meeting, meeting again, reunion 災害 さいがい calamity, disaster, misfortune 細菌 さいきん bacillus, bacterium, germ 細工 さいく work, craftsmanship, tactics, trick 採掘 さいくつ mining 採決 さいけつ vote, roll call 再建 さいけん rebuilding, reconstruction, rehabilitation 再現 さいげん reappearance, reproduction, return, revival 採算 さいさん profit 採集 さいしゅう collecting, gathering 再生 さいせい playback, regeneration, resuscitation, return to life, rebirth, reincarnation, narrow escape, reclamation, r 最善 さいぜん the very best 採択 さいたく adoption, selection, choice 再発 さいはつ return, relapse, reoccurrence 栽培 さいばい cultivation 細胞 さいぼう cell (biology) 採用 さいよう use, adopt 遮る さえぎる to interrupt, to intercept, to obstruct 囀る さえずる to sing, to chirp, to twitter 冴える さえる to be clear, to be serene, to be cold, to be skillful 竿 さお rod, pole (e.g. for drying laundry) 栄える さかえる to prosper, to flourish 杯 さかずき wine cups 逆立ち さかだち handstand, headstand 逆上る さかのぼる to go back, to go upstream, to make retroactive 盛る さかる to prosper, to flourish, to copulate (animals) 差額 さがく balance, difference, margin 下がる さがる to hang down, to abate, to retire, to fall, to step back 一昨昨日 さきおととい two days before yesterday 先に さきに before, earlier than, ahead, beyond, away, previously, recently 詐欺 さぎ fraud, swindle 作 さく a work, a harvest 策 さく plan, policy 柵 さく fence, paling 削減 さくげん cut, reduction, curtailment 錯誤 さくご mistake 作戦 さくせん military or naval operations, tactics, strategy 作物 さくぶつ literary work 叫び さけび shout, scream, outcry 裂ける さける to split, to tear, to burst 捧げる ささげる to lift up, to give, to offer, to consecrate, to devote, to sacrifice, to dedicate 差し掛かる さしかかる to come near to, to approach 指図 さしず instruction, mandate 差し出す さしだす to present, to submit, to tender, to hold out 差し支える さしつかえる to interfere, to hinder, to become impeded 差し引く さしひく to deduct 些事 さじ something small or petty, trifle 授ける さずける to grant, to award, to teach 嘸 さぞ I am sure, certainly, no doubt 定まる さだまる to become settled, to be fixed 定める さだめる to decide, to establish, to determine 錯覚 さっかく optical illusion, hallucination 早急 さっきゅう urgent 察する さっする to guess, to sense, to presume, to judge, to sympathize with さっと quickly, suddenly 冊 さつ counter for books 殺人 さつじん murder 偖 さて well, now, then 悟る さとる to attain enlightenment, to perceive, to understand, to discern 真実 さな truth, reality 裁く さばく to judge 錆び さび rust (colour) 左程 さほど (not) very, (not) much 様 さま Mr. or Mrs., manner, kind, appearance 三味線 さみせん three-stringed Japanese guitar, shamisen 侍 さむらい Samurai, warrior 然も さも with gusto, with satisfaction 作用 さよう action, operation, effect, function 左様なら さようなら good-bye 拐う さらう to carry off, to run away with, to kidnap, to abduct 爽やか さわやか fresh, refreshing, invigorating, clear, fluent, eloquent 障る さわる to hinder, to interfere with, to affect, to do one harm, to be harmful to 酸 さん acid さん Mr or Mrs 酸化 さんか oxidation 山岳 さんがく mountains 産休 さんきゅう maternity leave 桟橋 さんきょう wharf, bridge, jetty, pier 参議院 さんぎいん House of Councillors 産後 さんご postpartum, after childbirth 産出 さんしゅつ yield, produce 参照 さんしょう reference, consultation, consultation 参上 さんじょう calling on, visiting 賛成 さんせい approval, agreement, support, favour 賛美 さんび praise, adoration, glorification 産婦人科 さんふじんか maternity and gynecology department 産物 さんぶつ product, result, fruit 山腹 さんぷく hillside, mountainside 山脈 さんみゃく mountain range 財 ざい fortune, riches 財源 ざいげん source of funds, resources, finances 在庫 ざいこ stockpile, stock 財政 ざいせい economy, financial affairs 座談会 ざだんかい symposium, round-table discussion 雑貨 ざっか miscellaneous goods, general goods, sundries 雑 ざつ rough, crude 雑談 ざつだん chatting, idle talk 雑木 ざつぼく various kinds of small trees, assorted trees 座標 ざひょう coordinate(s) 残金 ざんきん remaining money 残酷 ざんこく cruelty, harshness 残高 ざんだか (bank) balance, remainder 死 し death, decease し 10^24 (kanji is JIS X 0212 kuten 4906), septillion (American), quadrillion (British) 次 し order, sequence, times, next, below 仕上がり しあがり finish, end, completion 仕上げ しあげ end, finishing touches, being finished 仕上げる しあげる to finish up, to complete 明々後日 しあさって two days after tomorrow 飼育 しいく breeding, raising, rearing 強いて しいて by force 強いる しいる to force, to compel, to coerce 仕入れる しいれる to lay in stock, to replenish stock, to procure しいんと silent (as the grave), (deathly) quiet 歯科 しか dentistry 資格 しかく qualifications, requirements, capabilities 視覚 しかく sense of sight, vision 仕掛け しかけ device, trick, mechanism, gadget, (small) scale, half finished, commencement, set up, challenge 仕掛ける しかける to commence, to lay (mines), to set (traps), to wage (war), to challenge 然し しかし however, but 然しながら しかしながら nevertheless, however 而も しかも moreover, furthermore, nevertheless, and yet 市街 しがい urban areas, the streets, town, city 指揮 しき command, direction 色彩 しきさい colour, hue, tints 式場 しきじょう ceremonial hall, place of ceremony (e.g. marriage) 為来り しきたり customs 頻りに しきりに frequently, repeatedly, incessantly, eagerly 仕切る しきる to partition, to divide, to mark off, to settle accounts, to toe the mark 資金 しきん funds, capital 施行 しぎょう 1. execution, enforcing, carrying out しくじる to fail, to fall through, to blunder 仕組み しくみ devising, plan, plot, contrivance, construction, arrangement 死刑 しけい death penalty, capital punishment 湿気る しける to be damp, to be moist 思考 しこう thought 志向 しこう intention, aim 嗜好 しこう taste, liking, preference 視察 しさつ inspection, observation 資産 しさん property, fortune, means, assets 刺繍 ししゅう embroidery 支持 しじ support, maintenance 指示 しじ indication, instruction, directions 雫 しずく drop (of water) 沈める しずめる to sink, to submerge 施設 しせつ institution, establishment, facility, (army) engineer 子息 しそく son 慕う したう to yearn for, to miss, to adore, to love dearly 従って したがって therefore, consequently, in accordance with 下心 したごころ secret intention, motive 親しむ したしむ to be intimate with, to befriend 下調べ したしらべ preliminary investigation, preparation 下地 したじ groundwork, foundation, inclination, aptitude, elementary knowledge of, grounding in, prearrangement, spade 認める したためる to write up 仕立てる したてる to tailor, to make, to prepare, to train, to send (a messenger) 下取り したどり trade in, part exchange 下火 したび burning low, waning, declining 失格 しっかく disqualification, elimination, incapacity (legal) 確り しっかり firmly, tightly, reliable, level-headed, steady 質素 しっそ simplicity, modesty, frugality 失調 しっちょう lack of harmony 嫉妬 しっと jealousy 尻尾 しっぽ tail (animal) 室 しつ room 質疑 しつぎ question 躾 しつけ home discipline, training, upbringing, breeding 仕付ける しつける to be used to a job, to begin to do, to baste, to tack, to plant 指摘 してき pointing out, identification 視点 してん opinion, point of view, visual point 萎びる しなびる to wilt, to fade 嫋か しなやか supple, flexible, elastic 屎尿 しにょう excreta, raw sewage, human waste, night soil 凌ぐ しのぐ to outdo, to surpass, to endure, to keep out (rain), to stave off, to tide over, to pull through, to defy, t 始発 しはつ first train 芝 しば lawn, sod, turf 屡 しばしば often, again and again, frequently 暫く しばらく little while 痺れる しびれる to become numb, to go to sleep (i.e. a limb) 渋い しぶい 1. tasteful (clothing), cool, an aura of refined masculinity, 2. astringent, sullen, bitter (taste), 3 私物 しぶつ private property, personal effects しぶとい tenacious, stubborn 司法 しほう administration of justice 脂肪 しぼう fat, grease, blubber 志望 しぼう wish, desire, ambition 萎む しぼむ to wither, to fade (away), to shrivel, to wilt 仕舞 しまい end, termination, informal (Noh play) 仕舞う しまう to finish, to close, to do something completely, to put away, to put an end to しまった Damn it! 始末 しまつ management, dealing, settlement, cleaning up afterwards 泌み泌み しみじみ keenly, deeply, heartily 染みる しみる to pierce, to permeate 使命 しめい mission, errand, message 締め切り しめきり closing, cut-off, end, deadline, Closed, No Entrance 僕 しもべ manservant, servant (of God) 社交 しゃこう social life, social intercourse 謝絶 しゃぜつ refusal 社宅 しゃたく company owned house 吃逆 しゃっくり hiccough, hiccup 喋る しゃべる to talk, to chat, to chatter 斜面 しゃめん slope, slanting surface, bevel 洒落 しゃらく frank, open-hearted 洒落る しゃれる to joke, to play on words, to dress stylishly 視野 しや field of vision, outlook 種 しゅ kind, variety, species 衆 しゅう masses, great number, the people 周 しゅう circuit, lap, circumference, vicinity, Chou (dynasty) 収益 しゅうえき earnings, proceeds, returns 修学 しゅうがく learning 周期 しゅうき cycle, period 衆議院 しゅうぎいん Lower House, House of Representatives 就業 しゅうぎょう employment, starting work 修行 しゅうぎょう pursuit of knowledge, studying, learning, training, ascetic practice, discipline 集計 しゅうけい totalization, aggregate 襲撃 しゅうげき attack, charge, raid 収支 しゅうし income and expenditure 終始 しゅうし beginning and end, from beginning to end, doing a thing from beginning to end 修士 しゅうし Masters degree program 収集 しゅうしゅう gathering up, collection, accumulation 修飾 しゅうしょく ornamentation, embellishment, decoration, adornment, polish up (writing), modification (gram) 終日 しゅうじつ all day 執着 しゅうじゃく attachment, adhesion, tenacity 収容 しゅうよう accommodation, reception, seating, housing, custody, admission, entering (in a dictionary) 修了 しゅうりょう completion (of a course) 守衛 しゅえい security guard, doorkeeper 主演 しゅえん starring, playing the leading part 主観 しゅかん subjectivity, subject, ego 祝賀 しゅくが celebration, congratulations 宿命 しゅくめい fate, destiny, predestination 主権 しゅけん sovereignty, supremacy, dominion 手芸 しゅげい handicrafts 主催 しゅさい organization, sponsorship 取材 しゅざい choice of subject, collecting data 趣旨 しゅし object, meaning 主食 しゅしょく staple food 主人公 しゅじんこう protagonist, main character, hero(ine) (of a story), head of household 主体 しゅたい subject, main constituent 主題 しゅだい subject, theme, motif 出血 しゅっけつ bleeding, haemorrhage 出産 しゅっさん (child)birth, delivery, production (of goods) 出社 しゅっしゃ arrival (in a country at work etc.) 出生 しゅっしょう birth 出世 しゅっせ promotion, successful career, eminence 出費 しゅっぴ expenses, disbursements 出品 しゅっぴん exhibit, display 出演 しゅつえん performance, stage appearance 出題 しゅつだい proposing a question 出動 しゅつどう sailing, marching, going out 主導 しゅどう main leadership 主任 しゅにん person in charge, responsible official 首脳 しゅのう head, brains 守備 しゅび defense 手法 しゅほう technique 私有 しゆう private ownership 諸 しょ various, many, several 背負う しょう to be burdened with, to carry on back or shoulder 象 しょう phenomenon 症 しょう illness 傷 しょう wound, injury, hurt, cut, gash, bruise, scratch, scar, weak point 商 しょう quotient 消去 しょうきょ elimination, erasing, dying out, melting away 衝撃 しょうげき shock, crash, impact, ballistic 証言 しょうげん evidence, testimony 証拠 しょうこ evidence, proof 消耗 しょうこう exhaustion, consumption 照合 しょうごう collation, comparison 詳細 しょうさい detail, particulars 昇進 しょうしん promotion 少数 しょうすう minority, few 称する しょうする to pretend, to take the name of, to feign, to purport 消息 しょうそく news, letter, circumstances 承諾 しょうだく consent, acquiescence, agreement 象徴 しょうちょう symbol 小児科 しょうにか pediatrics 証人 しょうにん witness 照明 しょうめい illumination 勝利 しょうり victory, triumph, conquest, success, win 奨励 しょうれい encouragement, promotion, message, address 職員 しょくいん staff member, personnel 植民地 しょくみんち colony 職務 しょくむ professional duties 諸君 しょくん Gentlemen!, Ladies! 所在 しょざい whereabouts 所々 しょしょ here and there, some parts (of something) 所持 しょじ possession, owning 所属 しょぞく attached to, belong to 処置 しょち treatment しょっちゅう always, constantly 所定 しょてい fixed, prescribed 所得 しょとく income, earnings 初版 しょはん first edition 処罰 しょばつ punishment 書評 しょひょう book review 処分 しょぶん disposal, dealing, punishment 庶民 しょみん masses, common people 庶務 しょむ general affairs 私用 しよう personal use, private business 仕様 しよう way, method, resource, remedy, (technical) specification 使用人 しようにん employee, servant 調べ しらべ preparation, investigation, inspection 知り合い しりあい acquaintance 退く しりぞく to retreat, to recede, to withdraw 退ける しりぞける to repel, to drive away 記す しるす to note, to write down 指令 しれい orders, instructions, directive 代 しろ price, materials, substitution 皺 しわ wrinkles, creases 新 しん new 進化 しんか evolution, progress 殿 しんがり rear, rear unit guard 審議 しんぎ deliberation 進行 しんこう advance 新興 しんこう rising, developing, emergent 振興 しんこう promotion, encouragement 申告 しんこく report, statement, filing a return, notification 新婚 しんこん newly-wed 審査 しんさ judging, inspection, examination, investigation 紳士 しんし gentleman 進出 しんしゅつ advance, step forward 信者 しんじゃ believer, adherent, devotee, Christian 真珠 しんじゅ pearl 心中 しんじゅう double suicide, lovers suicide 心情 しんじょう mentality 新人 しんじん new face, newcomer 神聖 しんせい holiness, sacredness, dignity 親善 しんぜん friendship 真相 しんそう truth, real situation 新築 しんちく new building, new construction 進呈 しんてい presentation 進展 しんてん progress, development 神殿 しんでん temple, sacred place 進度 しんど progress 振動 しんどう oscillation, vibration 新入生 しんにゅうせい freshman, first-year student 信任 しんにん trust, confidence, credence 審判 しんばん refereeing, trial, judgement, umpire, referee 神秘 しんぴ mystery 辛抱 しんぼう patience, endurance 真理 しんり truth 侵略 しんりゃく aggression, invasion, raid 診療 しんりょう medical examination and treatment, diagnosis 進路 しんろ course, route 自覚 じかく self-conscious 地方 じかた area, locality, district, region, the coast 自我 じが self, the ego 磁気 じき magnetism 磁器 じき porcelain, china 事業 じぎょう project, enterprise, business, industry, operations 地形 じぎょう terrain, geographical features, topography 軸 じく axis, stem, shaft, axle 自己 じこ self, oneself 事項 じこう matter, item, facts 時刻表 じこくひょう table, diagram, chart, timetable, schedule 地獄 じごく hell 時差 じさ time difference 自在 じざい freely, at will 自主 じしゅ independence, autonomy 自首 じしゅ surrender, give oneself up 辞職 じしょく resignation 自信 じしん self-confidence 事前 じぜん prior, beforehand, in advance 自尊心 じそんしん self-respect, conceit 持続 じぞく continuation 字体 じたい type, font, lettering 辞退 じたい refusal じっくり deliberately, carefully 実質 じっしつ substance, essence 実践 じっせん practice, put into practice 実態 じったい truth, fact 実費 じっぴ actual expense, cost price 十分 じっぷん 10 minutes 実 じつ truth, reality, sincerity, fidelity, kindness, faith, substance, essence 実業家 じつぎょうか industrialist, businessman 実情 じつじょう real condition, actual circumstances, actual state of affairs 自転 じてん rotation, spin 自動詞 じどうし intransitive verb (no direct obj) 地主 じぬし landlord 耳鼻科 じびか otolaryngology 地元 じもと local 弱 じゃく weakness, the weak, little less then 若干 じゃっかん some, few, number of 砂利 じゃり gravel, ballast, pebbles じゃん拳 じゃんけん rock-scissors-paper game 住 じゅう dwelling, living 従業員 じゅうぎょういん employee, worker 従事 じゅうじ engaging, pursuing, following 充実 じゅうじつ fullness, completion, perfection, substantiality, enrichment 十字路 じゅうじろ crossroads 絨毯 じゅうたん carpet 柔軟 じゅうなん flexible, lithe 重複 じゅうふく duplication, repetition, overlapping, redundancy, restoration 重宝 じゅうほう priceless treasure, convenience, usefulness 従来 じゅうらい up to now, so far, traditional 塾 じゅく coaching school, lessons 樹木 じゅもく trees and shrubs, arbour 樹立 じゅりつ establish, create 準急 じゅんきゅう local express (train slower than an express) 準じる じゅんじる to follow, to conform, to apply to 準ずる じゅんずる to apply correspondingly, to correspond to, to be proportionate to, to conform to 助 じょ help, rescue, assistant 情 じょう feelings, emotion, passion 畳 じょう #NAME? 尉 じょう jailer, old man, rank, company officer 嬢 じょう young woman 状 じょう shape 上位 じょうい superior (rank not class), higher order (e.g. byte), host computer (of connected device) 上演 じょうえん performance (e.g. music) 城下 じょうか land near the castle 乗客 じょうかく passenger 上空 じょうくう sky, the skies, high-altitude sky, upper air 上司 じょうし superior authorities, boss 情緒 じょうしょ emotion, feeling 上昇 じょうしょう rising, ascending, climbing 情勢 じょうせい state of things, condition, situation 情熱 じょうねつ passion, enthusiasm, zeal 丈夫 じょうふ 1. hero, gentleman, warrior, manly person, 2. good health, robustness, strong, solid, durable 譲歩 じょうほ concession, conciliation, compromise 条約 じょうやく treaty, pact 上陸 じょうりく landing, disembarkation 蒸留 じょうりゅう distillation 除外 じょがい exception, exclusion 助言 じょげん advice, suggestion 徐行 じょこう going slowly 女史 じょし Ms. 助詞 じょし particle, postposition 助動詞 じょどうし auxiliary verb 自立 じりつ independence, self-reliance 人 じん man, person, people 人格 じんかく personality, character, individuality 人材 じんざい man of talent 迅速 じんそく quick, fast, rapid, swift, prompt 人体 じんたい human body 人民 じんみん people, public 人目 じんもく glimpse, public gaze 水気 すいき 1. moisture, dampness, vapor, 2. dropsy, edema 水源 すいげん source of river, fountainhead 推進 すいしん propulsion, driving force 水洗 すいせん flushing 吹奏 すいそう playing wind instruments 推測 すいそく guess, conjecture 水田 すいでん (water-filled) paddy field 推理 すいり reasoning, inference, mystery or detective genre (movie novel etc.) 数詞 すうし numeral 崇拝 すうはい worship, adoration, admiration, cult 据え付ける すえつける to install, to equip, to mount 据える すえる to set (table), to lay (foundation), to place (gun), to apply (moxa) 清々しい すがすがしい fresh, refreshing 過ぎ すぎ past, after 救い すくい help, aid, relief 掬う すくう to scoop, to ladle out 少なくとも すくなくとも at least 直ぐ すぐ immediately, soon, easily, right (near), honest, upright 健やか すこやか vigorous, healthy, sound 濯ぐ すすぐ to rinse, to wash out 進み すすみ progress 勧め すすめ recommendation, advice, encouragement 裾 すそ (trouser) cuff, (skirt) hem, cut edge of a hairdo, foot of mountain 廃れる すたれる to go out of use, to become obsolete, to die out, to go out of fashion 酸っぱい すっぱい sour, acid 素敵 すてき lovely, dreamy, beautiful, great, fantastic, superb, cool, capital 即ち すなわち that is, namely, i.e. すばしこい nimble, smart, quick 素早い すばやい fast, quick, prompt, agile 済ます すます to finish, to get it over with, to settle, to conclude, to pay back 澄ます すます to clear, to make clear, to be unruffled, to look unconcerned, to look demure, look prim, put on airs 済まない すまない sorry (phrase) 済みません すみません sorry, excuse me 天皇 すめらぎ Emperor of Japan 刷り すり printing 剃る する to shave 擦れ違い すれちがい chance encounter すれ違う すれちがう to pass by one another, to disagree, to miss each other 擦れる すれる to rub, to chafe, to wear, to become sophisticated すんなり pass with no objection, slim, slender 図々しい ずうずうしい impudent, shameless ずばり decisively, decidedly, once and for all, unreservedly, frankly ずぶ濡れ ずぶぬれ soaked, dripping wet ずらっと in a line, in a row ずるずる sound or act of dragging, loose, inconclusive but unwanted situation, trailingly ずれ gap, slippage ずれる to slide, to slip off 制 せい system, organization, imperial command, laws, regulation, control, government, suppression, restraint, holdin 製 せい -made, make 生育 せいいく growth, development, breeding 成果 せいか results, fruits 正解 せいかい correct, right, correct interpretation (answer solution) 正規 せいき regular, legal, formal, established, legitimate 正義 せいぎ justice, right, righteousness, correct meaning 生計 せいけい livelihood, living 政権 せいけん administration, political power 精巧 せいこう elaborate, delicate, exquisite 制裁 せいさい restraint, sanctions, punishment 政策 せいさく political measures, policy 清算 せいさん liquidation, settlement 星座 せいざ constellation 生死 せいし life and death 静止 せいし stillness, repose, standing still 青春 せいしゅん youth, springtime of life, adolescent 聖書 せいしょ Bible, scriptures 誠実 せいじつ sincere, honest, faithful 成熟 せいじゅく maturity, ripeness 清純 せいじゅん purity, innocence 正常 せいじょう normalcy, normality, normal 制する せいする to control, to command, to get the better of 整然 せいぜん orderly, regular, well-organized, trim, accurate 盛装 せいそう be dressed up, wear rich clothes 盛大 せいだい grand, prosperous, magnificent 清濁 せいだく good and evil, purity and impurity 制定 せいてい enactment, establishment, creation 静的 せいてき static 製鉄 せいてつ iron manufacture 晴天 せいてん fine weather 正当 せいとう just, justifiable, right, due, proper, equitable, reasonable, legitimate, lawful 成年 せいねん majority, adult age 制服 せいふく uniform 征服 せいふく conquest, subjugation, overcoming 製法 せいほう manufacturing method, recipe, formula 精密 せいみつ precise, exact, detailed, minute, close 声明 せいめい declaration, statement, proclamation 姓名 せいめい full name 制約 せいやく limitation, restriction, condition, constraints 生理 せいり physiology, menses 勢力 せいりょく influence, power, might, strength, potency, force, energy 整列 せいれつ stand in a row, form a line 急かす せかす to hurry, to urge on 伜 せがれ son, my son 責務 せきむ duty, obligation 世辞 せじ flattery, compliment 世帯 せたい household 世代 せだい generation, the world, the age 切開 せっかい clearing (land), opening up, cutting through 接触 せっしょく touch, contact 設置 せっち establishment, institution 折衷 せっちゅう compromise, cross, blending, eclecticism 設定 せってい establishment, creation 説得 せっとく persuasion 節 せつ node, section, occasion, time 切実 せつじつ compelling, serious, severe, acute, earnest, pressing, urgent 接続詞 せつぞくし conjunction 切ない せつない painful, trying, oppressive, suffocating 設立 せつりつ establishment, foundation, institution 攻め せめ attack, offence 世論 せろん public opinion 仙 せん hermit, wizard 前 せん before 繊維 せんい fibre, fiber, textile 選挙 せんきょ election 宣教 せんきょう religious mission 宣言 せんげん declaration, proclamation, announcement 先行 せんこう preceding, going first 選考 せんこう selection, screening 戦災 せんさい war damage 専修 せんしゅう specialization 戦術 せんじゅつ tactics 潜水 せんすい diving 先先月 せんせんげつ month before last 先先週 せんせんしゅう week before last 先代 せんだい family predecessor, previous age, previous generation 先だって せんだって recently, the other day 先着 せんちゃく first arrival 先天的 せんてんてき a priori, inborn, innate, inherent, congenital, hereditary 戦闘 せんとう battle, fight, combat 潜入 せんにゅう infiltration, sneaking in 船舶 せんぱく ship 専用 せんよう exclusive use, personal use 占領 せんりょう occupation, capture, possession, have a room to oneself 戦力 せんりょく war potential 税務署 ぜいむしょ tax office 是正 ぜせい correction, revision 絶版 ぜっぱん out of print 絶望 ぜつぼう despair, hopelessness 是非とも ぜひとも by all means (with sense of not taking no for an answer) 膳 ぜん (small) table, tray, meal 禅 ぜん Zen (Buddhism) 全快 ぜんかい complete recovery of health 全盛 ぜんせい height of prosperity 前提 ぜんてい preamble, premise, reason, prerequisite 前途 ぜんと future prospects, outlook, the journey ahead 全滅 ぜんめつ annihilation 善良 ぜんりょう goodness, excellence, virtue 前例 ぜんれい precedent 僧 そう monk, priest 沿う そう to run along, to follow 添う そう to accompany, to become married, to comply with 総 そう whole, all, general, gross 相応 そうおう suitability, fitness 総会 そうかい general meeting 創刊 そうかん launching (e.g. newspaper), first issue 送金 そうきん remittance, sending money 走行 そうこう running a wheeled vehicle (e.g. car), traveling 総合 そうごう synthesis, coordination, putting together, integration, composite 捜査 そうさ search (esp. in criminal investigations), investigation 捜索 そうさく search (esp. for someone or something missing), investigation 然うして そうして and, like that 装飾 そうしょく ornament 操縦 そうじゅう management, handling, control, manipulation 創造 そうぞう creation 壮大 そうだい magnificent, grand, majestic, splendid 騒動 そうどう strife, riot, rebellion 遭難 そうなん disaster, shipwreck, accident 相場 そうば market price, speculation, estimation 装備 そうび equipment 創立 そうりつ establishment, founding, organization 添える そえる to add to, to attach, to append, to accompany, to garnish, to imitate, to annex 即座に そくざに immediately, right away 促進 そくしん promotion, acceleration, encouragement, facilitation, spurring on 即する そくする to conform to, to agree with, to be adapted to, to be based on 束縛 そくばく restraint, shackles, restriction, confinement, binding 側面 そくめん side, flank, sidelight, lateral 其処 そこ that place, there 其処で そこで so (conj), accordingly, now, then, thereupon 損なう そこなう to harm, to hurt, to injure, to damage, to fail in doing 其処ら そこら everywhere, somewhere, approximately, that area, around there 素材 そざい raw materials, subject matter 阻止 そし obstruction, check, hindrance, prevention, interdiction 然して そして and 訴訟 そしょう litigation, lawsuit 育ち そだち breeding, growth 措置 そち measure, step 其方 そちら over there, the other 素っ気ない そっけない cold, short, curt, blunt 率直 そっちょく frankness, candour, openheartedness 外方 そっぽ look (or turn) the other way 備え付ける そなえつける to provide, to furnish, to equip, to install 備わる そなわる to be furnished with, to be endowed with, to possess, to be among, to be one of, to be possessed of 園 その garden, park, plantation その上 そのうえ in addition, furthermore その内 そのうち eventually, sooner or later, of the previously mentioned その為 そのため hence, for that reason その外 そのほか besides, in addition, the rest 其の儘 そのまま without change, as it is (i.e. now) 聳える そびえる to rise, to tower, to soar 素朴 そぼく simplicity, artlessness, naivete 染まる そまる to dye 背く そむく to run counter to, to go against, to disobey, to infringe 染める そめる to dye, to colour 逸らす そらす to turn away, to avert 反り そり warp, curvature, curve, arch 其れ それ it, that 其れから それから and then, after that 各々 それぞれ each, every, either, respectively, severally 其れで それで and (conj), thereupon, because of that 其れでは それでは in that situation, well then ... 其れでも それでも but (still), and yet, nevertheless, even so, notwithstanding 其れ共 それとも or, or else 其れに それに besides, moreover 其れ程 それほど to that degree, extent 其れ故 それゆえ therefore, for that reason, so 揃い そろい set, suit, uniform 徐々 そろそろ gradually, steadily, quietly, slowly, soon 損失 そんしつ loss 存続 そんぞく duration, continuance 沿い ぞい along 像 ぞう statue, image, figure, picture, portrait 増強 ぞうきょう augment, reinforce, increase 蔵相 ぞうしょう Minister of Finance 増進 ぞうしん promoting, increase, advance ぞんざい rude, careless, slovenly 他意 たい ill will, malice, another intention, secret purpose, ulterior motive, fickleness, double-mindedness 対応 たいおう interaction, correspondence, coping with, dealing with 退化 たいか degeneration, retrogression 体格 たいかく physique, constitution 大概 たいがい in general, mainly 退学 たいがく dropping out of school 大金 たいきん great cost 待遇 たいぐう treatment, reception 対決 たいけつ confrontation, showdown 体験 たいけん personal experience 対抗 たいこう opposition, antagonism 対して たいして for, in regard to, per 大衆 たいしゅう general public 対処 たいしょ deal with, cope 退職 たいしょく retirement (from office) 退治 たいじ extermination 態勢 たいせい attitude, conditions, preparations 対談 たいだん talk, dialogue, conversation 対等 たいとう equivalent 滞納 たいのう non-payment, default 対比 たいひ contrast, comparison 大部 たいぶ most (e.g. most part), greater, fairly, a good deal, much 対辺 たいへん (geometrical) opposite side 待望 たいぼう expectant waiting 怠慢 たいまん negligence, procrastination, carelessness 対面 たいめん interview, meeting 対立 たいりつ confrontation, opposition, antagonism 体力 たいりょく physical strength 対話 たいわ interactive, interaction, conversation, dialogue 耐える たえる to bear, to endure 絶える たえる to die out, to peter out, to become extinct 堪える たえる to bear, to stand, to endure, to put up with, to support, to withstand, to resist, to brave, to be fit for, t 高 たか quantity, amount, volume, number, amount of money 高まる たかまる to rise, to swell, to be promoted 焚火 たきび (open) fire 沢山 たくさん many, a lot, much 逞しい たくましい burly, strong, sturdy 巧み たくみ skill, cleverness 類 たぐい a kind 丈 たけ height, stature, length, measure, all (one has) 足し算 たしざん addition 多数決 たすうけつ majority rule 助け たすけ assistance 携わる たずさわる to participate, to take part 漂う ただよう to drift about, to float, to hang in air 館 たち 1. mansion, small castle 立方 たちかた dancing (geisha) 忽ち たちまち at once, in a moment, suddenly, all at once 立ち寄る たちよる to stop by, to drop in for a short visit 達者 たっしゃ skillful, in good health 達成 たっせい achievement たった only, merely, but, no more than 尊い たっとい precious, valuable, priceless, noble, exalted, sacred 貴い たっとい precious, valuable, priceless, noble, exalted, sacred 尊ぶ たっとぶ to value, to prize, to esteem 絶つ たつ to sever, to cut off, to suppress, to abstain (from) 盾 たて shield, buckler, escutcheon, pretext 建前 たてまえ face, official stance, public position or attitude (as opposed to private thoughts) 奉る たてまつる to offer, to present, to revere, to do respectfully 例え たとえ example, even if, if, though, although 仮令 たとえ example, even if, if, though, although 他動詞 たどうし transitive verb (direct obj) 辿り着く たどりつく to grope along to, to struggle on to, to arrive somewhere after a struggle 辿る たどる to follow (road), to pursue (course), to follow up 掌 たなごころ the palm 楽しむ たのしむ to enjoy oneself 頼み たのみ request, favor, reliance, dependence 煙草 たばこ (pt:) (n) (uk) tobacco (pt: tabaco), cigarettes 度々 たびたび often, repeatedly, frequently 他方 たほう another side, different direction, (on) the other hand 多忙 たぼう busy, pressure of work 給う たまう to receive, to grant 偶に たまに occasionally, once in a while 堪らない たまらない intolerable, unbearable, unendurable 溜まり たまり collected things, gathering place, arrears 賜る たまわる to grant, to bestow 例 ためし instance, example, case, precedent, experience, custom, usage, parallel, illustration 躊躇う ためらう to hesitate 保つ たもつ to keep, to preserve, to hold, to retain, to maintain, to support, to sustain, to last, to endure, to keep we 容易い たやすい easy, simple, light 多様 たよう diversity, variety 弛み たるみ slack, slackening, dullness, letdown 弛む たるむ to slacken, to loosen, to relax 誰 たれ adjectival suffix for a person 垂れる たれる to hang, to droop, to drop, to lower, to pull down, to dangle, to sag, to drip, to ooze, to trickle, to leave 歎 たん grief, sigh, lamentation 反 たん roll of cloth (c. 10 yds.), .245 acres, 300 tsubo 単一 たんいつ single, simple, sole, individual, unitory 短歌 たんか tanka, 31-syllable Japanese poem 担架 たんか stretcher, litter 短気 たんき quick temper 探検 たんけん exploration, expedition 短縮 たんしゅく shortening, abbreviation, reduction 箪笥 たんす chest of drawers 炭素 たんそ carbon (C) 短大 たんだい junior college 単調 たんちょう monotony, monotone, dullness 単独 たんどく sole, independence, single, solo (flight) 短波 たんぱ short wave 蛋白質 たんぱくしつ protein 第 だい ordinal 第一 だいいち first, foremost, # 1 大胆 だいたん bold, daring, audacious 台無し だいなし mess, spoiled, (come to) nothing 大便 だいべん feces, excrement, shit 代弁 だいべん pay by proxy, act for another, speak for another 台本 だいほん libretto, scenario 代用 だいよう substitution 打開 だかい break in the deadlock 妥協 だきょう compromise, giving in 丈 だけ only, just, as 妥結 だけつ agreement 打撃 だげき 1. blow, shock, strike, damage, 2. batting (baseball) 駄作 ださく poor work, rubbish 脱出 だっしゅつ escape 脱する だっする to escape from, to get out 脱退 だったい secession だぶだぶ loose, baggy 騙す だます to trick, to cheat, to deceive だらけ implying (negatively) that something is full of e.g. mistakes 怠い だるい sluggish, feel heavy, languid, dull 壇 だん 1. platform, podium, rostrum, 2. (arch) mandala 団結 だんけつ unity, union, combination 断言 だんげん declaration, affirmation 断然 だんぜん firmly, absolutely, definitely 段々 だんだん gradually, by degrees 旦那 だんな master (of house), husband (informal) 断面 だんめん cross section 弾力 だんりょく elasticity, flexibility 治安 ちあん public order 近付く ちかづく to approach, to get near, to get acquainted with, to get closer 違える ちがえる to change 契る ちぎる to pledge, to promise, to swear 畜産 ちくさん animal husbandry 畜生 ちくしょう beast, brute, damn 蓄積 ちくせき accumulation, accumulate, store 知性 ちせい intelligence 乳 ちち milk, breast, loop 父母 ちちはは father and mother, parents 縮まる ちぢまる to be shortened, to be contracted, to shrink 窒息 ちっそく suffocation 些とも ちっとも not at all (neg. verb) 秩序 ちつじょ order, regularity, system, method 知的 ちてき intellectual 著 ちゃく counter for suits of clothing, arriving at .. 着 ちゃく counter for suits of clothing, arriving at .. 着手 ちゃくしゅ embarkation, launch 着色 ちゃくしょく colouring, coloring 着席 ちゃくせき sit down, seat 着目 ちゃくもく attention 着陸 ちゃくりく landing, alighting, touch down 着工 ちゃっこう start of (construction) work 茶の間 ちゃのま living room (Japanese style) 茶の湯 ちゃのゆ tea ceremony ちやほや pamper, make a fuss of, spoil 昼間 ちゅうかん daytime, during the day 宙返り ちゅうがえり somersault, looping-the-loop 中継 ちゅうけい relay, hook-up 忠告 ちゅうこく advice, warning 中指 ちゅうし middle finger 中傷 ちゅうしょう slander, libel, defamation 忠実 ちゅうじつ fidelity, faithfulness 中枢 ちゅうすう centre, pivot, mainstay, nucleus, backbone, central figure, pillar, key man 抽選 ちゅうせん lottery, raffle, drawing (of lots) 中断 ちゅうだん interruption, suspension, break 中腹 ちゅうっぱら irritated, offended 中毒 ちゅうどく poisoning 仲人 ちゅうにん go-between, matchmaker 昼飯 ちゅうはん lunch, midday meal 中立 ちゅうりつ neutrality 中和 ちゅうわ neutralize, counteract 腸 ちょう guts, bowels, intestines 蝶 ちょう butterfly 超 ちょう super-, ultra-, hyper- 庁 ちょう government office 調印 ちょういん signature, sign, sealing 聴覚 ちょうかく the sense of hearing 長官 ちょうかん chief, (government) secretary 聴講 ちょうこう lecture attendance, auditing 徴収 ちょうしゅう collection, levy 聴診器 ちょうしんき stethoscope 挑戦 ちょうせん challenge, defiance 長大 ちょうだい very long, great length 調停 ちょうてい arbitration, conciliation, mediation 恰度 ちょうど just, right, exactly 長編 ちょうへん long (e.g. novel film) 丁目 ちょうめ district of a town, city block (of irregular size) 調理 ちょうり cooking 調和 ちょうわ harmony ちょくちょく often, frequently, now and then, occasionally 直面 ちょくめん confrontation 著書 ちょしょ literary work, book 貯蓄 ちょちく savings 直感 ちょっかん intuition 一寸 ちょっと (ateji) (adv int) (uk) just a minute, a short time, a while, just a little, somewhat, easily, readily, rath 著名 ちょめい well-known, noted, celebrated ちらっと at a glance, by accident 塵取り ちりとり dustpan 治療 ちりょう medical treatment 賃金 ちんぎん wages 沈殿 ちんでん precipitation, settlement 沈没 ちんぼつ sinking, foundering 沈黙 ちんもく silence, reticence 陳列 ちんれつ exhibition, display, show 追及 ついきゅう gaining on, carrying out, solving (crime) 追跡 ついせき pursuit 次いで ついで next, secondly, subsequently 追放 ついほう exile, banishment 費やす ついやす to spend, to devote, to waste 墜落 ついらく falling, crashing 通 つう connoisseur, counter for letters 痛感 つうかん feeling keenly, fully realizing 通常 つうじょう common, general, usually 痛切 つうせつ keen, acute 杖 つえ cane 遣い つかい mission, simple task, doing 使い道 つかいみち use 仕える つかえる to serve, to work for 司る つかさどる to rule, to govern, to administer 束の間 つかのま moment, brief time, brief, transient 付き つき attached to, impression, sociality, appearance, furnished with, under, to 付き合う つきあう to associate with, to keep company with, to get on with 月並み つきなみ every month, common 尽きる つきる to be used up, to be run out, to be exhausted, to be consumed, to come to an end 継ぎ目 つぎめ a joint, joining point 吐く つく 1. to breathe, 2. to tell (lies), 3. to vomit, to disgorge 尽くす つくす to exhaust, to run out, to serve (a person), to befriend 作り つくり make-up, sliced raw fish 造り つくり make up, structure, physique 造る つくる to make, to create, to manufacture, to draw up, to write, to compose, to build, to coin, to cultivate, to org 繕う つくろう to mend, to repair, to fix, to patch up, to darn, to tidy up, to adjust, to trim 接ぐ つぐ to join, to piece together, to set (bones), to graft (trees) 継ぐ つぐ to succeed 付け加える つけくわえる to add one thing to another 告げる つげる to inform 辻褄 つじつま coherence, consistency 途中 つちゅう on the way, en route 突っ張る つっぱる to support, to become stiff, to become taut, to thrust (ones opponent), to stick to (ones opinion), to in 筒 つつ pipe, tube 銃 つつ gun 突く つつく 1. to thrust, to strike, to attack, 2. to poke, to nudge, to pick at 慎む つつしむ to be careful, to be chaste or discreet, to abstain or refrain 伝言 つてごと verbal message, rumor, word 勤まる つとまる to be fit for, to be equal to, to function properly 勤め先 つとめさき place of work 努めて つとめて make an effort!, work hard! 津波 つなみ tsunami, tidal wave 抓る つねる to pinch 募る つのる to invite, to solicit help participation etc 唾 つば saliva, sputum 呟く つぶやく to mutter, to murmur 瞑る つぶる to close the eyes 壷 つぼ tsubo jar, pot, vase 蕾 つぼみ bud, flower bud 躓く つまずく to stumble, to trip 摘む つまむ to pinch, to hold, to pick up 詰らない つまらない insignificant, boring, trifling 詰まり つまり in short, in brief, in other words, that is to say, in the long run, after all, blockade, stuffing, ultimate 積もり つもり intention, plan 露 つゆ dew 強まる つよまる to get strong, to gain strength 強める つよめる to strengthen, to emphasize 連なる つらなる to extend, to stretch out, to stand in a row 貫く つらぬく to go through 連ねる つらねる to link, to join, to put together 釣り つり fishing, angling 吊り革 つりかわ strap 釣鐘 つりがね hanging bell 吊るす つるす to hang 手当て てあて allowance, compensation, treatment, medical care 体 てい appearance, air, condition, state, form 提供 ていきょう offer, tender, program sponsoring, furnishing 定義 ていぎ definition 提携 ていけい cooperation, tie-up, joint business, link-up 体裁 ていさい decency, style, form, appearance, show, get-up, format 梯子 ていし ladder, stairs 定食 ていしょく set meal, special (of the day) 提示 ていじ presentation, exhibit, suggest, citation 訂正 ていせい correction, revision 停滞 ていたい stagnation, tie-up, congestion, retention, accumulation, falling into arrears 邸宅 ていたく mansion, residence 定年 ていねん retirement age 堤防 ていぼう bank, weir 手遅れ ておくれ too late, belated treatment 手数 てかず number of moves, trouble 手掛かり てがかり contact, trail, scent, on hand, hand hold, clue, key 手掛ける てがける to handle, to manage, to work with, to rear, to look after, to have experience with 手軽 てがる easy, simple, informal, offhand, cheap 的 てき -like, typical 適応 てきおう adaptation, accommodation, conformity 適宜 てきぎ suitability 適性 てきせい aptitude 手際 てぎわ performance, skill, tact 手順 てじゅん process, procedure, protocol 手錠 てじょう handcuffs, manacles 手近 てぢか near, handy, familiar てっきり surely, certainly, beyond doubt 鉄鋼 てっこう iron and steel 徹する てっする to sink in, to penetrate, to devote oneself, to believe in, to go through, to do intently and exclusively 鉄片 てっぺん iron scraps 手配 てはい arrangement, search (by police) 手筈 てはず arrangement, plan, programme 手引き てびき guidance, guide, introduction 手本 てほん model, pattern 手回し てまわし preparations, arrangements 手元 てもと on hand, at hand, at home 照り返す てりかえす to reflect, to throw back light 手分け てわけ division of labour 店 てん store, shop, establishment 点火 てんか ignition, lighting, set fire to 転回 てんかい revolution, rotation 転換 てんかん convert, divert 転居 てんきょ moving, changing residence 転勤 てんきん transfer, transmission 点検 てんけん inspection, examination, checking 転校 てんこう change schools 天国 てんごく paradise, heaven, Kingdom of Heaven 天才 てんさい genius, prodigy, natural gift 天災 てんさい natural calamity, disaster 展示 てんじ exhibition, display 天井 てんじょう ceiling, ceiling price 転じる てんじる to turn, to shift, to alter, to distract 点線 てんせん dotted line, perforated line 天体 てんたい heavenly body 転転 てんてん rolling about, moving from place to place, being passed around repeatedly てんで (not) at all, altogether, entirely 転任 てんにん change of post 展望 てんぼう view, outlook, prospect 転落 てんらく fall, degradation, slump 出合う であう to meet by chance, to come across, to happen to encounter, to hold a rendezvous, to have a date 出入り口 でいりぐち exit and entrance でかい huge 出来物 できもの able man, tumour, growth, boil, ulcer, abcess, rash, pimple 出切る できる to be out of, to have no more at hand 出くわす でくわす to happen to meet, to come across 出鱈目 でたらめ irresponsible utterance, nonsense, nonsensical, random, haphazard, unsystematic 出直し でなおし adjustment, touch up 田園 でんえん country, rural districts 電源 でんげん source of electricity, power (button on TV etc.) 伝説 でんせつ tradition, legend, folklore 電線 でんせん electric line 伝達 でんたつ transmission (e.g. news), communication, delivery 伝来 でんらい ancestral, hereditary, imported, transmitted, handed down と 1. if (conjunction), 2. promoted pawn (shogi) (abbr) 問い合わせる といあわせる to enquire, to seek information 問屋 といや wholesale store 問う とう to ask, to question, to charge (i.e. with a crime), to accuse, without regard to (neg) 棟 とう place, section, building 等 とう et cetera, etc., and the like 陶器 とうき pottery, ceramics 等級 とうきゅう grade, class 討議 とうぎ debate, discussion 登校 とうこう attendance (at school) 統合 とうごう integration, unification, synthesis 倒産 とうさん (corporate) bankruptcy, insolvency 投資 とうし investment 統治 とうじ rule, reign, government, governing 統制 とうせい regulation, control 当選 とうせん being elected, winning the prize 逃走 とうそう flight, desertion, escape 統率 とうそつ command, lead, generalship, leadership 到達 とうたつ reaching, attaining, arrival 到底 とうてい (cannot) possibly 丁々 とうとう clashing of swords, felling of trees, ringing of an ax 投入 とうにゅう throw, investment, making (an electrical circuit) 当人 とうにん the one concerned, the said person 逃亡 とうぼう escape 冬眠 とうみん hibernation, winter sleep 登録 とうろく registration, register, entry, record 討論 とうろん debate, discussion 遠ざかる とおざかる to go far off 遠回り とおまわり detour, roundabout way 通りかかる とおりかかる to happen to pass by 兎角 とかく anyhow, anyway, somehow or other, generally speaking, in any case, this and that, many, be apt to 咎める とがめる to blame, to find fault, to take someone to task, to aggravate (an injury) 時折 ときおり sometimes 跡切れる とぎれる to pause, to be interrupted 説く とく to explain, to advocate, to preach, to persuade 特技 とくぎ special skill 特産 とくさん specialty, special product 特集 とくしゅう feature (e.g. newspaper), special edition, report 得点 とくてん score, points made, marks obtained, runs 特派 とくは send specially, special envoy 特有 とくゆう characteristic (of), peculiar (to) 研ぐ とぐ to sharpen, to grind, to scour, to hone, to polish, to wash (rice) 刺 とげ thorn, splinter, spine, biting words 遂げる とげる to accomplish, to achieve, to carry out 床 とこ bed, sickbed, alcove, padding 所が ところが however, while, even if 所で ところで by the way, even if, no matter what 年頃 としごろ age, marriageable age, age of puberty, adolescence, for some years 年寄り としより old people, the aged 戸締り とじまり closing up, fastening the doors 途上 とじょう en route, half way 綴じる とじる to bind, to file 途絶える とだえる to stop, to cease, to come to an end 特許 とっきょ special permission, patent 疾っくに とっくに long ago, already, a long time ago 特権 とっけん privilege, special right 咄嗟 とっさ moment, instant 取っ手 とって handle, grip, knob 突破 とっぱ breaking through, breakthrough, penetration 突如 とつじょ suddenly, all of a sudden 迚も とても very, awfully, exceedingly 整える ととのえる to put in order, to get ready, to arrange, to adjust 届け とどけ report, notification, registration 滞る とどこおる to stagnate, to be delayed 止まる とどまる to be limited to 留める とどめる to stop, to cease, to put an end to 止める とどめる to stop, to cease, to put an end to 唱える となえる to recite, to chant, to call upon 兎に角 とにかく anyhow, at any rate, anyway, somehow or other, generally speaking, in any case 殿様 とのさま feudal lord 幕 とばり curtain, bunting, act (in play) 帳 とばり curtain 扉 とびら door, opening 徒歩 とほ walking, going on foot 乏しい とぼしい meagre, scarce, limited, destitute, hard up, scanty, poor 富 とみ wealth, fortune 富む とむ to be rich, to become rich 兎も角 ともかく anyhow, anyway, somehow or other, generally speaking, in any case 共稼ぎ ともかせぎ working together, (husband and wife) earning a living together 灯 ともしび light 伴う ともなう to accompany, to bring with, to be accompanied by, to be involved in 共働き ともばたらき dual income 捕らえる とらえる to seize, to grasp, to capture, to arrest 取りあえず とりあえず at once, first of all, for the time being 取り扱い とりあつかい treatment, service, handling, management 取り扱う とりあつかう to treat, to handle, to deal in 鳥居 とりい torii (Shinto shrine archway) 取り替え とりかえ swap, exchange 取り組む とりくむ to tackle, to wrestle with, to engage in a bout, to come to grips with 取り締まり とりしまり control, management, supervision 取り締まる とりしまる to manage, to control, to supervise 取り調べる とりしらべる to investigate, to examine 取り立てる とりたてる to collect, to extort, to appoint, to promote 取り次ぐ とりつぐ to act as an agent for, to announce (someone), to convey (a message) 取り除く とりのぞく to remove, to take away, to set apart 取り引き とりひき transactions, dealings, business 取り巻く とりまく to surround, to circle, to enclose 取り混ぜる とりまぜる to mix, to put together 取り戻す とりもどす to take back, to regain 取り寄せる とりよせる to order, to send away for 取り分 とりわけ especially, above all 副 とりわけ especially, above all 蕩ける とろける to be enchanted with とんだ terrible, awful, serious, preposterous, absolutely not 胴 どう trunk, body, frame 働 どう work, labor 同 どう the same, the said, ibid. 同意 どうい agreement, consent, same meaning, same opinion, approval 動員 どういん mobilization 同感 どうかん agreement, same opinion, same feeling, sympathy, concurrence 動機 どうき motive, incentive 同級 どうきゅう the same grade, same class 同居 どうきょ living together 動向 どうこう trend, tendency, movement, attitude 同士 どうし fellow, companion, comrade 同志 どうし same mind, comrade, kindred soul 如何して どうして why?, for what reason, how, in what way, for what purpose, what for 如何しても どうしても by all means, at any cost, no matter what, after all, in the long run, cravingly, at any rate, surely 同情 どうじょう sympathy, compassion, sympathize, pity, feel for 道場 どうじょう dojo, hall used for martial arts training, mandala 何卒 どうぞ please, kindly, by all means どうぞ宜しく どうぞよろしく pleased to meet you 同調 どうちょう sympathy, agree with, alignment, tuning 動的 どうてき dynamic, kinetic 同等 どうとう equality, equal, same rights, same rank 堂々 どうどう magnificent, grand, impressive どうにか in some way or other, one way or another 導入 どうにゅう introduction, bringing in, leading in 同封 どうふう enclosure (e.g. in a letter) 同盟 どうめい alliance, union, league どうやら it seems like, somehow or other 動揺 どうよう disturbance, unrest, shaking, trembling, pitching, rolling, oscillation, agitation, excitement, commotion 動力 どうりょく power, motive power, dynamic force 独裁 どくさい dictatorship, despotism 読者 どくしゃ reader 独自 どくじ original, peculiar, characteristic 独占 どくせん monopoly 独創 どくそう originality 何処 どこ where, what place 何処か どこか somewhere, anywhere, in some respects 土産 どさん product of the land 土台 どだい foundation, base, basis 何方 どちら which, who 土手 どて embankment, bank 何方 どなた who? 怒鳴る どなる to shout, to yell 何の どの which, what 土俵 どひょう arena 土木 どぼく public works 何れ どれ well, now, let me see, which (of three or more) 何々 どれどれ which (emphatic) 度忘れ どわすれ lapse of memory, forget for a moment 鈍感 どんかん thickheadedness, stolidity 内閣 ないかく cabinet, (government) ministry 乃至 ないし from...to, between...and, or 内臓 ないぞう internal organs, intestines, viscera 内部 ないぶ interior, inside, internal 内乱 ないらん civil war, insurrection, rebellion, domestic conflict 内陸 ないりく inland 苗 なえ rice seedling 尚 なお furthermore, still, yet, more, still more, greater, further, less 尚更 なおさら all the more, still less 中程 なかほど middle, midway 流し ながし sink 長々 ながなが long, drawn-out, very long 殴る なぐる to strike, to hit 嘆く なげく to sigh, to lament, to grieve 投げ出す なげだす to throw down, to abandon, to sacrifice, to throw out 和やか なごやか mild, calm, gentle, quiet, harmonious 名残 なごり remains, traces, memory 情け なさけ sympathy, compassion 情け深い なさけぶかい tender-hearted, compassionate 為さる なさる to do 詰る なじる to rebuke, to scold, to tell off 何故 なぜ why, how 何故なら なぜなら because 名高い なだかい famous, celebrated, well-known 雪崩 なだれ avalanche 懐く なつく to become emotionally attached 名付ける なづける to name (someone) 何気ない なにげない casual, unconcerned 何しろ なにしろ at any rate, anyhow, anyway, in any case 何卒 なにとぞ please 何も なにも nothing 何より なにより most, best 七日 なぬか seven days, the seventh day (of the month) 名札 なふだ name plate, name tag 生臭い なまぐさい smelling of fish or blood, fish or meat 生温い なまぬるい lukewarm, halfhearted 生身 なまみ living flesh, flesh and blood, the quick 鉛 なまり lead (the metal) 鈍る なまる to become less capable, to grow dull, to become blunt, to weaken 並み なみ average, medium, common, ordinary 滑らか なめらか smoothness, glassiness 嘗める なめる to lick, to taste, to experience, to make fun of, to make light of, to put down, to treat with contempt 悩ましい なやましい seductive, melancholy, languid 悩ます なやます to afflict, to torment, to harass, to molest 悩み なやみ trouble(s), worry, distress, anguish, agony, problem 平均 ならし equilibrium, balance, average, mean 慣らす ならす to accustom 馴らす ならす to domesticate, to tame 並びに ならびに and 成り立つ なりたつ to conclude, to consist of, to be practical (logical feasible viable), to hold true 成る丈 なるたけ as much as possible, if possible 成るべく なるべく as much as possible 慣れ なれ practice, experience 馴れ馴れしい なれなれしい over-familiar 難 なん difficulty, hardships, defect 南 なん south なんか things like ..., or something like that .. (often derogatory) 何だか なんだか a little, somewhat, somehow なんだかんだ something or other 何て なんて how...!, what...! 何と なんと what, how, whatever 何となく なんとなく somehow or other, for some reason or another 何とも なんとも nothing (with neg. verb), quite, not a bit 何なり なんなり any, anything, whatever 荷 に load, baggage, cargo 似通う にかよう to resemble closely 面皰 にきび pimple, acne 賑わう にぎわう to prosper, to flourish, to do thriving business, to be crowded with people 悪い にくい hateful, abominable, poor-looking 憎しみ にくしみ hatred 肉親 にくしん blood relationship, blood relative 肉体 にくたい the body, the flesh 逃げ出す にげだす to run away, to escape from 西日 にしび westering sun 滲む にじむ to run, to blur, to spread, to blot, to ooze 日夜 にちや day and night, always 日当 にっとう daily allowance 荷造り にづくり packing, baling, crating 担う になう to carry on shoulder, to bear (burden), to shoulder (gun) 二人 ににん two persons, two people, pair, couple にも拘らず にもかかわらず in spite of, nevertheless 入手 にゅうしゅ obtaining, coming to hand 入賞 にゅうしょう winning a prize or place (in a contest) 入浴 にゅうよく bathe, bathing 尿 にょう urine 俄か にわか sudden, abrupt, unexpected, improvised, offhand 認識 にんしき recognition, cognizance 妊娠 にんしん conception, pregnancy 人情 にんじょう humanity, empathy, kindness, sympathy, human nature, common sense, customs and manners 任務 にんむ duty, function, office, mission, task 任命 にんめい appointment, nomination, ordination, commission, designation 抜かす ぬかす to omit, to leave out 抜け出す ぬけだす to slip out, to sneak away, to excel 盗み ぬすみ stealing 沼 ぬま swamp, bog, pond, lake 音 ね sound, note 値打ち ねうち value, worth, price, dignity 寝かせる ねかせる to put to bed, to lay down, to ferment 捻子 ねじ screw, helix, spiral ねじ回し ねじまわし screwdriver 捻じれる ねじれる to twist, to wrench, to screw 鼠 ねず 1. mouse, rat, 2. dark gray, slate color 妬む ねたむ to be jealous, to be envious 強請る ねだる to tease, to coax, to solicit, to demand 熱湯 ねっとう boiling water 熱意 ねつい zeal, enthusiasm 熱量 ねつりょう temperature 粘り ねばり stickyness, viscosity 粘る ねばる to be sticky, to be adhesive, to persevere, to persist, to stick to 値引き ねびき price reduction, discount 根回し ねまわし making necessary arrangements 眠たい ねむたい sleepy 練る ねる to knead, to work over, to polish up 念 ねん sense, idea, thought, feeling, desire, concern, attention, care 年鑑 ねんかん yearbook 年号 ねんごう name of an era, year number 燃焼 ねんしょう burning, combustion 年生 ねんせい pupil in .... year, student in .... year 年長 ねんちょう seniority 燃料 ねんりょう fuel 年輪 ねんりん annual tree ring 脳 のう brain, memory 農耕 のうこう farming, agriculture 農場 のうじょう farm (agriculture) 農地 のうち agricultural land 納入 のうにゅう payment, supply 逃す のがす to let loose, to set free, to let escape 逃れる のがれる to escape 軒並み のきなみ row of houses 鋸 のこぎり saw 望ましい のぞましい desirable, hoped for 臨む のぞむ to look out on, to face, to deal with, to attend (function) 乗っ取る のっとる to capture, to occupy, to usurp 長閑 のどか tranquil, calm, quiet 罵る ののしる to speak ill of, to abuse 延べ のべ futures, credit (buying), stretching, total 飲み込む のみこむ to gulp down, to swallow deeply, to understand, to take in, to catch on to, to learn, to digest 乗り換え のりかえ transfer (trains buses etc.) 乗り込む のりこむ to board, to embark on, to get into (a car), to ship (passengers), to man (a ship), to help (someone) int 刃 は edge (of a sword) 派 は clique, faction, school 把握 はあく grasp, catch, understanding 肺 はい lung 廃棄 はいき annullment, disposal, abandon, scrap, discarding, repeal 配給 はいきゅう distribution (eg. films rice) 配偶者 はいぐうしゃ spouse, wife, husband 拝啓 はいけい Dear (so and so) 背景 はいけい background, scenery, setting, circumstance 背後 はいご back, rear 灰皿 はいさら ashtray 廃止 はいし abolition, repeal 拝借 はいしゃく borrowing 排除 はいじょ exclusion, removal, rejection 排水 はいすい drainage 敗戦 はいせん defeat, losing a war 配置 はいち arrangement (of resources), disposition 配布 はいふ distribution 配分 はいぶん distribution, allotment 配慮 はいりょ consideration, concern, forethought 配列 はいれつ arrangement, array (programming) 映える はえる to shine, to look attractive, to look pretty 破壊 はかい destruction 墓地 はかち cemetery, graveyard 捗る はかどる to make progress, to move right ahead (with the work), to advance 果ない はかない fleeting, transient, short-lived, momentary, vain, fickle, miserable, empty, ephemeral 諮る はかる to consult with, to confer 図る はかる to plot, to attempt, to plan, to take in, to deceive, to devise, to design, to refer A to B 剥がす はがす to tear off, to peel off, to rip off, to strip off, to skin, to flay, to disrobe, to deprive of, to detach, t 破棄 はき revocation, annulment, breaking (e.g. treaty) 泊 はく counter for nights of a stay 迫害 はくがい persecution 薄弱 はくじゃく feebleness, weakness, weak 白状 はくじょう confession 剥ぐ はぐ to tear off, to peel off, to rip off, to strip off, to skin, to flay, to disrobe, to deprive of 派遣 はけん dispatch, send 励ます はげます to encourage, to cheer, to raise (the voice) 励む はげむ to be zealous, to brace oneself, to endeavour, to strive, to make an effort 剥げる はげる to come off, to be worn off, to fade, to discolor 鋏 はさみ scissors 柱 はしら pillar, post 橋渡し はしわたし bridge building, mediation 恥 はじ shame, embarrassment 弾く はじく to flip, to snap 始め はじめ beginning, start, origin 始めまして はじめまして How do you do?, I am glad to meet you 恥じらう はじらう to feel shy, to be bashful, to blush 恥じる はじる to feel ashamed 蓮 はす lotus 筈 はず it should be so 弾む はずむ to spring, to bound, to bounce, to be stimulated, to be encouraged, to get lively, to treat oneself to, to 破損 はそん damage 機 はた loom 果たして はたして as was expected, really 果たす はたす to accomplish, to fulfill, to carry out, to achieve 裸足 はだし barefoot 蜂蜜 はちみつ honey 発掘 はっくつ excavation, exhumation 発生 はっせい outbreak, spring forth, occurrence, incidence, origin 発足 はっそく starting, inauguration 初 はつ first, new 発 はつ departure, beginning, counter for gunshots 発育 はついく (physical) growth, development 発芽 はつが burgeoning 発言 はつげん utterance, speech, proposal 発病 はつびょう attack (disease) 初耳 はつみみ something heard for the first time 果て はて the end, the extremity, the limit(s), the result 果てる はてる to end, to be finished, to be exhausted, to die, to perish 話し合い はなしあい discussion, conference 甚だ はなはだ very, greatly, exceedingly 華々しい はなばなしい brilliant, magnificent, spectacular 花びら はなびら (flower) petal 華やか はなやか gay, showy, brilliant, gorgeous, florid 阻む はばむ to keep someone from doing, to stop, to prevent, to check, to hinder, to obstruct, to oppose, to thwart 浜 はま beach, seashore 浜辺 はまべ beach, foreshore 填まる はまる to get into, to go into, to fit, to be fit for, to suit, to fall into, to plunge into, to be deceived, to be 歯磨 はみがき dentifrice, toothpaste 填める はめる to get in, to insert, to put on, to make love 生やす はやす to grow, to cultivate, to wear beard 早める はやめる to hasten, to quicken, to expedite, to precipitate, to accelerate 流行 はやり fashionable, fad, in vogue, prevailing 腹立ち はらだち anger 原っぱ はらっぱ open field, empty lot, plain 張り紙 はりがみ paper patch, paper backing, poster 遥か はるか far, far-away, distant, remote, far off 破裂 はれつ explosion, rupture, break off 腫れる はれる to swell (from inflammation), to become swollen 班 はん group, party, section (mil) 判 はん seal, stamp, monogram signature, judgment 版 はん edition 繁栄 はんえい prospering, prosperity, thriving, flourishing 反感 はんかん antipathy, revolt, animosity 版画 はんが art print 反響 はんきょう echo, reverberation, repercussion, reaction, influence 判決 はんけつ judicial decision, judgement, sentence, decree 反撃 はんげき counterattack, counteroffensive, counterblow 反射 はんしゃ reflection, reverberation 繁殖 はんしょく breed, multiply, increase, propagation 繁盛 はんじょう prosperity, flourishing, thriving 反する はんする to be inconsistent with, to oppose, to contradict, to transgress, to rebel 判定 はんてい judgement, decision, award, verdict 反応 はんのう reaction, response 半端 はんぱ remnant, fragment, incomplete set, fraction, odd sum, incompleteness 反発 はんぱつ repelling, rebound, recover, oppose 反乱 はんらん insurrection, mutiny, rebellion, revolt, uprising 氾濫 はんらん overflowing, flood 黴菌 ばいきん bacteria, germ(s) 賠償 ばいしょう reparations, indemnity, compensation 倍率 ばいりつ diameter, magnification 馬鹿馬鹿しい ばかばかしい stupid 馬鹿らしい ばからしい absurd 漠然 ばくぜん obscure, vague, equivocal 爆弾 ばくだん bomb 爆破 ばくは blast, explosion, blow up 暴露 ばくろ disclosure, exposure, revelation 化ける ばける to appear in disguise, to take the form of, to change for the worse 罰 ばち (divine) punishment, curse, retribution 伐 ばつ strike, attack, punish ばてる to be exhausted, to be worn out 発条 ばね spring (e.g. coil leaf) 散蒔く ばらまく to disseminate, to scatter, to give money freely 判 ばん size (of paper or books) 万 ばん many, all 万人 ばんじん all people, everybody, 10000 people 万能 ばんのう all-purpose, almighty, omnipotent 番目 ばんめ cardinal number suffix 非 ひ faulty-, non- 費 ひ cost, expense 延いては ひいては not only...but also, in addition to, consequently 控室 ひかえしつ waiting room 控える ひかえる to draw in, to hold back, to make notes, to be temperate in 悲観 ひかん pessimism, disappointment 匹 ひき head, small animal counter, roll of cloth 引き上げる ひきあげる to withdraw, to leave, to pull out, to retire 率いる ひきいる to lead, to spearhead (a group), to command (troops) 引き受ける ひきうける to undertake, to take up, to take over, to be responsible for, to guarantee, to contract (disease) 引き起こす ひきおこす to cause 引き下げる ひきさげる to pull down, to lower, to reduce, to withdraw 引きずる ひきずる to seduce, to drag along, to pull, to prolong, to support 引き取る ひきとる to take charge of, to take over, to retire to a private place 引き分け ひきわけ a draw (in competition), tie game 否決 ひけつ rejection, negation, voting down 非行 ひこう delinquency, misconduct 日頃 ひごろ normally, habitually 久しい ひさしい long, long-continued, old (story) 久し振り ひさしぶり after a long time 悲惨 ひさん misery 秘書 ひしょ (private) secretary 比重 ひじゅう specific gravity 密か ひそか secret, private, surreptitious 浸す ひたす to soak, to dip, to drench 一向 ひたすら earnestly 左利き ひだりきき left-handedness, sake drinker, left-hander 引っ掻く ひっかく to scratch 引っ掛ける ひっかける 1. to hang (something) on (something), to throw on (clothes), 2. to hook, to catch, to trap, to ensnar 必修 ひっしゅう required (subject) 匹敵 ひってき comparing with, match, rival, equal 未 ひつじ eighth sign of Chinese zodiac (The Ram 1pm-3pm south-southwest June) 必然 ひつぜん inevitable, necessary 一息 ひといき puffy, a breath, a pause, an effort 単 ひとえ one layer, single 人柄 ひとがら personality, character, personal appearance, gentility 一頃 ひところ once, some time ago 人質 ひとじち hostage, prisoner 一筋 ひとすき a line, earnestly, blindly, straightforwardly 一まず ひとまず for the present, once, in outline 一人でに ひとりでに by itself, automatically, naturally 酷い ひどい cruel, awful, severe, very bad, serious, terrible, heavy, violent 日取り ひどり fixed date, appointed day 雛 ひな young bird, chick, doll 日向 ひなた sunny place, in the sun 非難 ひなん blame, attack, criticism 避難 ひなん taking refuge, finding shelter 日の丸 ひのまる the Japanese flag 火花 ひばな spark 日々 ひび every day, daily, day after day 悲鳴 ひめい shriek, scream 百科事典 ひゃっかじてん encyclopedia 百科辞典 ひゃっかじてん encyclopedia 冷やかす ひやかす to banter, to make fun of, to jeer at, to cool, to refrigerate 日焼け ひやけ sunburn 票 ひょう label, ballot, ticket, sign 標語 ひょうご motto, slogan, catchword ひょっと possibly, accidentally 平たい ひらたい flat, even, level, simple, plain 比率 ひりつ ratio, proportion, percentage 肥料 ひりょう manure, fertilizer 比例 ひれい proportion 疲労 ひろう fatigue, weariness 広まる ひろまる to spread, to be propagated 貧困 ひんこん poverty, lack 品質 ひんしつ quality 品種 ひんしゅ brand, kind, description 貧弱 ひんじゃく poor, meagre, insubstantial 頻繁 ひんぱん frequency 美 び beauty 微笑 びしょう smile 美術 びじゅつ art, fine arts 吃驚 びっくり be surprised, be amazed, be frightened, astonishment びっしょり wet through, drenched 描写 びょうしゃ depiction, description, portrayal びり last on the list, at the bottom 微量 びりょう minuscule amount, extremely small quantity 敏感 びんかん sensibility, susceptibility, sensitive (to), well attuned to 貧乏 びんぼう poverty, destitute, poor 歩 ふ pawn (in chess or shogi) 不意 ふい sudden, abrupt, unexpected, unforeseen 封 ふう seal 封鎖 ふうさ blockade, freezing (funds) 風習 ふうしゅう custom 風俗 ふうぞく 1. manners, customs, 2. sex service, sex industry 風土 ふうど natural features, topography, climate, spiritual features 不可欠 ふかけつ indispensable, essential 深める ふかめる to deepen, to heighten, to intensify 不吉 ふきつ ominous, sinister, bad luck, ill omen, inauspiciousness 不況 ふきょう recession, depression, slump 布巾 ふきん tea-towel, dish cloth 福 ふく good fortune 復旧 ふくきゅう restoration, restitution, rehabilitation 複合 ふくごう composite, complex 福祉 ふくし welfare, well-being 覆面 ふくめん mask, veil, disguise 膨れる ふくれる to get cross, to get sulky, to swell (out), to expand, to be inflated, to distend, to bulge 不景気 ふけいき business recession, hard times, depression, gloom, sullenness, cheerlessness 老ける ふける to age 布告 ふこく edict, ordinance, proclamation 富豪 ふごう wealthy person, millionaire 負債 ふさい debt, liabilities 相応しい ふさわしい appropriate 不在 ふざい absence 不山戯る ふざける to romp, to gambol, to frolic, to joke, to make fun of, to flirt 負傷 ふしょう injury, wound 不審 ふしん incomplete understanding, doubt, question, distrust, suspicion, strangeness, infidelity 不振 ふしん dullness, depression, slump, stagnation 不順 ふじゅん irregularity, unseasonableness 付属 ふぞく attached, belonging, affiliated, annexed, associated, subordinate, incidental, dependent, auxiliary 負担 ふたん burden, charge, responsibility 不調 ふちょう bad condition, not to work out (ie a deal), disagreement, break-off, disorder, slump, out of form 復活 ふっかつ revival (e.g. musical), restoration 復興 ふっこう revival, renaissance, reconstruction 沸騰 ふっとう boiling, seething 仏 ふつ French 不図 ふと suddenly, casually, accidentally, incidentally, unexpectedly, unintentionally 不当 ふとう injustice, impropriety, unreasonableness, undeservedness, unfair, invalid 不動産 ふどうさん real estate 赴任 ふにん (proceeding to) new appointment 腐敗 ふはい decay, depravity 不評 ふひょう bad reputation, disgrace, unpopularity 不便 ふびん pity, compassion 不服 ふふく dissatisfaction, discontent, disapproval, objection, complaint, protest, disagreement 普遍 ふへん universality, ubiquity, omnipresence 踏まえる ふまえる to be based on, to have origin in 文 ふみ letter, writings 不明 ふめい unknown, obscure, indistinct, uncertain, ambiguous, ignorant, lack of wisdom, anonymous, unidentified 扶養 ふよう support, maintenance 振り ふり pretence, show, appearance 振り出し ふりだし outset, starting point, drawing or issuing (draft) 不良 ふりょう badness, delinquent, inferiority, failure 浮力 ふりょく buoyancy, floating power 震わせる ふるわせる to be shaking, to be trembling 付録 ふろく appendix, supplement 分 ふん minute 憤慨 ふんがい indignation, resentment 紛失 ふんしつ losing something 噴出 ふんしゅつ spewing, gushing, spouting, eruption, effusion 紛争 ふんそう dispute, trouble, strife ふんだん plentiful, abundant, lavish 奮闘 ふんとう hard struggle, strenuous effort 粉末 ふんまつ fine powder 部 ぶ department, part, category, counter for copies of a newspaper or magazine 部下 ぶか subordinate person ぶかぶか too big, baggy 侮辱 ぶじょく insult, contempt, slight 武装 ぶそう arms, armament, armed 斑 ぶち spots, speckles, mottles 物資 ぶっし goods, materials 物体 ぶったい body, object 物議 ぶつぎ public discussion (criticism) 打付ける ぶつける to knock, to run into, to nail on, to strike hard, to hit and attack 仏像 ぶつぞう Buddhist image (statue) 無難 ぶなん safety, security 部門 ぶもん class, group, category, department, field, branch ぶら下げる ぶらさげる to hang, to suspend, to dangle, to swing ぶらぶら dangle heavily, swing, sway to and fro, aimlessly, idly, lazily, loiter, loaf, be idle, stroll idly 武力 ぶりょく armed might, military power, the sword, force 無礼 ぶれい impolite, rude 文化財 ぶんかざい cultural assets, cultural property 分業 ぶんぎょう division of labor, specialization, assembly-line production 文語 ぶんご written language, literary language 分散 ぶんさん dispersion, decentralization, variance (statistics) 分子 ぶんし numerator, molecule 文書 ぶんしょ document, writing, letter, note, records, archives 分担 ぶんたん apportionment, sharing 分配 ぶんぱい division, sharing 分母 ぶんぼ denominator 分離 ぶんり separation, detachment, segregation, isolation 分裂 ぶんれつ split, division, break up 兵器 へいき arms, weapons, ordinance 閉口 へいこう shut mouth 平行 へいこう (going) side by side, concurrent, abreast, at the same time, occurring together, parallel, parallelism 閉鎖 へいさ closing, closure, shutdown, lockout, unsociable 兵士 へいし soldier 平常 へいじょう normal, usual 平方 へいほう square (e.g. metre), square 並列 へいれつ arrangement, parallel, abreast 辟易 へきえき wince, shrink back, succumbing to, being frightened, disconcerted 臍 へそ navel, belly-button 隔たる へだたる to be distant 謙る へりくだる to deprecate oneself and praise the listener 経る へる to pass, to elapse, to experience 編 へん compilation, editing, completed poem, book, part of book 偏 へん side, left radical of a character, inclining, inclining toward, biased 変革 へんかく change, reform, revolution, upheaval, (the) Reformation 返還 へんかん return, restoration 偏見 へんけん prejudice, narrow view 返済 へんさい repayment 変遷 へんせん change, transition, vicissitudes 返答 へんとう reply 変動 へんどう change, fluctuation 弁解 べんかい explanation, justification, defence, excuse 便宜 べんぎ convenience, accommodation, advantage, expedience 弁護 べんご defense, pleading, advocacy 弁償 べんしょう next word, compensation, reparation, indemnity, reimbursement 弁論 べんろん discussion, debate, argument ぺこぺこ fawn, be very hungry 穂 ほ ear (of plant), head (of plant) 保育 ほいく nursing, nurturing, rearing, lactation, suckling 倣 ほう imitate, follow, emulate 法案 ほうあん bill (law) 崩壊 ほうかい collapse, decay (physics), crumbling, breaking down, caving in 法学 ほうがく law, jurisprudence 放棄 ほうき abandonment, renunciation, abdication (responsibility right) 宝器 ほうき treasured article or vessel, outstanding individual 封建 ほうけん feudalistic 豊作 ほうさく abundant harvest, bumper crop 方策 ほうさく plan, policy 奉仕 ほうし attendance, service 方式 ほうしき form, method, system 放射 ほうしゃ radiation, emission 放射能 ほうしゃのう radioactivity 報酬 ほうしゅう remuneration, recompense, reward, toll 放出 ほうしゅつ release, emit 報じる ほうじる to inform, to report 報ずる ほうずる to inform, to report 放置 ほうち leave as is, leave to chance, leave alone, neglect 法廷 ほうてい courtroom 報道 ほうどう information, report 褒美 ほうび reward, prize 葬る ほうむる to bury, to inter, to entomb, to consign to oblivion, to shelve 放り込む ほうりこむ to throw into 放り出す ほうりだす to throw out, to fire, to expel, to give up, to abandon, to neglect 飽和 ほうわ saturation 保温 ほおん retaining warmth, keeping heat in, heat insulation 捕獲 ほかく capture, seizure 保管 ほかん charge, custody, safekeeping, deposit, storage 補給 ほきゅう supply, supplying, replenishment 補強 ほきょう compensation, reinforcement 保険 ほけん insurance, guarantee 捕鯨 ほげい whaling, whale fishing 誇る ほこる to boast of, to be proud of 綻びる ほころびる to come apart at the seams, to begin to open, to smile broadly 保護 ほご care, protection, shelter, guardianship, favor, patronage 乾 ほし dried, cured 干し物 ほしもの dried washing (clothes) 保守 ほしゅ conservative, maintaining 保障 ほしょう guarantee, security, assurance, pledge, warranty 補償 ほしょう compensation, reparation 補充 ほじゅう supplementation, supplement, replenishment, replenishing 補助 ほじょ assistance, support, aid, auxiliary 舗装 ほそう pavement, road surface 補足 ほそく supplement, complement 発作 ほっさ fit, spasm ほっと feel relieved 頬っぺた ほっぺた cheek 辺り ほとり (in the) neighbourhood, vicinity, nearby 殆ど ほとんど mostly, almost 解く ほどく to unfasten 施す ほどこす to donate, to give, to conduct, to apply, to perform 保母 ほぼ day care worker in a kindergarten nursery school etc. 保養 ほよう health preservation, recuperation, recreation 捕吏 ほり constable 捕虜 ほりょ prisoner (of war) 滅びる ほろびる to be ruined, to go under, to perish, to be destroyed 滅ぼす ほろぼす to destroy, to overthrow, to wreck, to ruin 本格 ほんかく propriety, fundamental rules 本館 ほんかん main building 本気 ほんき seriousness, truth, sanctity 本質 ほんしつ essence, true nature, reality 本体 ほんたい substance, real form, object of worship 本音 ほんね real intention, motive 本の ほんの mere, only, just 本能 ほんのう instinct 本場 ほんば home, habitat, center, best place, genuine 本文 ほんぶん text (of document), body (of letter) 本名 ほんみょう real name 卯 ぼう fourth sign of Chinese zodiac (The Hare 5am-7am east February) 防衛 ぼうえい defense, protection, self-defense 防火 ぼうか fire prevention, fire fighting, fire proof 妨害 ぼうがい disturbance, obstruction, hindrance, jamming, interference 紡績 ぼうせき spinning 呆然 ぼうぜん dumbfounded, overcome with surprise, in blank amazement 膨脹 ぼうちょう expansion, swelling, increase, growth 冒頭 ぼうとう beginning, start, outset 暴動 ぼうどう insurrection, rebellion, revolt, riot, uprising 暴風 ぼうふう storm, windstorm, gale 暴力 ぼうりょく violence 募金 ぼきん fund-raising, collection of funds 牧師 ぼくし pastor, minister, clergyman 母校 ぼこう alma mater 没収 ぼっしゅう forfeited 坊ちゃん ぼっちゃん son (of others) ぼつぼつ gradually, here and there, spots, pimples 没落 ぼつらく ruin, fall, collapse ぼやく to grumble, to complain ぼやける to become dim, to become blurred 藍褸 ぼろ rag, scrap, tattered clothes, fault (esp. in a pretense), defect, run-down or junky 枚 まい counter for flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper) 埋蔵 まいぞう buried property, treasure trove 舞う まう to dance, to flutter about, to revolve 真上 まうえ just above, right overhead 前売り まえうり advance sale, booking 前置き まえおき preface, introduction 前もって まえもって in advance, beforehand, previously 任す まかす to entrust, to leave to a person 負かす まかす to defeat 賄う まかなう to give board to, to provide meals, to pay 曲がる まがる to turn, to bend 巻 まき volume 紛らわしい まぎらわしい confusing, misleading, equivocal, ambiguous 紛れる まぎれる to be diverted, to slip into 膜 まく membrane, film 捲る まくる verb suffix to indicate reckless abandon to the activity 真心 まこころ sincerity, devotion 誠 まこと truth, faith, fidelity, sincerity, trust, confidence, reliance, devotion 真に まことに truly, actually, really まごつく to be confused, to be flustered 正しく まさしく surely, no doubt, evidently 正に まさに correctly, surely 勝る まさる to excel, to surpass, to outrival 増し まし extra, additional, less objectionable, better, preferable 真下 ました right under, directly below 況して まして still more, still less (with neg. verb), to say nothing of, not to mention 交える まじえる to mix, to converse with, to cross (swords) 交わる まじわる to cross, to intersect, to associate with, to mingle with, to interest, to join 麻酔 ますい anaesthesia 益々 ますます increasingly, more and more 不味い まずい unappetising, unpleasant (taste appearance situation), ugly, unskilful, awkward, bungling, unwise, untime 股 また groin, crotch, thigh 跨がる またがる to extend over or into, to straddle 跨ぐ またぐ to straddle 瞬き またたき wink, twinkling (of stars), flicker (of light) 待ち合わせ まちあわせ appointment 間違う まちがう to make a mistake, to be incorrect, to be mistaken 待ち遠しい まちどおしい looking forward to 待ち望む まちのぞむ to look anxiously for, to wait eagerly for 区々 まちまち 1. several, various, divergent, conflicting, different, diverse, 2. trivial 末期 まっき closing years (period days), last stage 真っ二つ まっぷたつ in two equal parts 的 まと mark, target 纏まり まとまり conclusion, settlement, consistency 纏め まとめ settlement, conclusion 免れる まぬかれる to escape from, to be rescued from, to avoid, to evade, to avert, to elude, to be exempted, to be relieved 招き まねき invitation 麻痺 まひ paralysis, palsy, numbness, stupor 眩しい まぶしい dazzling, radiant 目蓋 まぶた eyelid 間々 まま occasionally, frequently 間もなく まもなく soon, before long, in a short time 眉 まゆ eyebrow 鞠 まり ball 丸ごと まるごと in its entirety, whole, wholly 丸っきり まるっきり completely, perfectly, just as if 丸で まるで quite, entirely, completely, at all, as if, as though, so to speak 丸々 まるまる completely 丸める まるめる to make round, to round off, to roll up, to curl up, to seduce, to cajole, to explain away 満月 まんげつ full moon 満場 まんじょう unanimous, whole audience 真ん中 まんなか middle, centre, mid-way 真ん前 まんまえ right in front, under the nose 真ん丸い まんまるい perfectly circular 三 み (num) three 見合い みあい formal marriage interview 見合わせる みあわせる to exchange glances, to postpone, to suspend operations, to refrain from performing an action 見落とす みおとす to overlook, to fail to notice 未開 みかい savage land, backward region, uncivilized 味覚 みかく taste, palate, sense of taste 見掛ける みかける to (happen to) see, to notice, to catch sight of 三日月 みかずき new moon, crescent moon 見方 みかた viewpoint 見苦しい みぐるしい unsightly, ugly 見込み みこみ hope, prospects, expectation 未婚 みこん unmarried 惨め みじめ miserable 未熟 みじゅく inexperience, unripeness, raw, unskilled, immature, inexperienced 微塵 みじん particle, atom 見すぼらしい みすぼらしい shabby, seedy 見せびらかす みせびらかす to show off, to flaunt 見せ物 みせもの show, exhibition 満たす みたす to satisfy, to ingratiate, to fill, to fulfill 乱す みだす to throw out of order, to disarrange, to disturb 乱れる みだれる to get confused, to be disordered, to be disturbed 未知 みち not yet known 導く みちびく to be guided, to be shown 身近 みぢか near oneself, close to one, familiar 密集 みっしゅう crowd, close formation, dense 密接 みっせつ related, connected, close, intimate 見っともない みっともない shameful, indecent 蜜 みつ nectar, honey 密度 みつど density 見積り みつもり estimation, quotation 未定 みてい not yet fixed, undecided, pending 見通し みとおし perspective, unobstructed view, outlook, forecast, prospect, insight 源 みなもと source, origin 身なり みなり personal appearance 峰 みね peak, ridge 見逃す みのがす to miss, to overlook, to leave at large 見晴らし みはらし view 身振り みぶり gesture 見舞 みまい enquiry, expression of sympathy, expression of concern 脈 みゃく pulse 未練 みれん lingering affection, attachment, regret(s), reluctance 見渡す みわたす to look out over, to survey (scene), to take an extensive view of 民主 みんしゅ democratic, the head of the nation 民宿 みんしゅく private home providing lodging for travelers 民族 みんぞく people, race, nation, racial customs, folk customs 民俗 みんぞく people, race, nation, racial customs, folk customs 六 む (num) six 無意味 むいみ nonsense, no meaning 向き むき direction, situation, exposure, aspect, suitability 無口 むくち reticence 向け むけ for ~, oriented towards ~ 婿 むこ son-in-law 無効 むこう invalid, no effect, unavailable 無言 むごん silence 毟る むしる to pluck, to pick, to tear 無邪気 むじゃき innocence, simple-mindedness 結び むすび ending, conclusion, union 結び付き むすびつき connection, relation 結び付く むすびつく to be connected or related, to join together 結び付ける むすびつける to combine, to join, to tie on, to attach with a knot 無線 むせん wireless, radio 無駄遣い むだづかい waste money on, squander money on, flog a dead horse 無断 むだん without permission, without notice 無知 むち ignorance 無茶 むちゃ absurd, unreasonable, excessive, rash, absurdity, nonsense 無茶苦茶 むちゃくちゃ confused, jumbled, mixed up, unreasonable 空しい むなしい vacant, futile, vain, void, empty, ineffective, lifeless 無念 むねん chagrin, regret 無能 むのう inefficiency, incompetence 無闇に むやみに unreasonably, absurdly, recklessly, indiscreetly, at random 無用 むよう useless, futility, needlessness, unnecessariness 群がる むらがる to swarm, to gather 無論 むろん of course, naturally 名産 めいさん noted product 名称 めいしょう name 命中 めいちゅう a hit 名簿 めいぼ register of names 名誉 めいよ honor, credit, prestige 明瞭 めいりょう clarity 明朗 めいろう bright, clear, cheerful 目方 めかた weight 恵み めぐみ blessing 恵む めぐむ to bless, to show mercy to 目覚しい めざましい brilliant, splendid, striking, remarkable 目覚める めざめる to wake up 召す めす to call, to send for, to put on, to wear, to take (a bath), to ride in, to buy, to eat, to drink, to catch (a 雌 めす female (animal) 滅茶苦茶 めちゃくちゃ absurd, unreasonable, excessive, messed up, spoiled, wreaked 目付き めつき look, expression of the eyes, eyes 滅亡 めつぼう downfall, ruin, collapse, destruction 愛でたい めでたい auspicious 目眩 めまい dizziness, giddiness 目盛 めもり scale, gradations 面会 めんかい interview 免除 めんじょ exemption, exoneration, discharge 面する めんする to face on, to look out on to 面目 めんぼく face, honour, reputation, prestige, dignity, credit 設ける もうける to create, to establish 申し入れる もうしいれる to propose, to suggest 申し込み もうしこみ application, entry, request, subscription, offer, proposal, overture, challenge 申出 もうしで proposal, request, claim, report, notice 申し出る もうしでる to report to, to tell, to suggest, to submit, to request, to make an offer, to come forward with informati 申し分 もうしぶん objection, shortcomings 盲点 もうてん blind spot 猛烈 もうれつ violent, vehement, rage 藻掻く もがく to struggle, to wriggle, to be impatient 目録 もくろく catalogue, catalog, list 目論見 もくろみ a plan, a scheme, a project, a program, intention, goal 模型 もけい model, dummy, maquette 模索 もさく groping (for) 若し もし if, in case, supposing 若しかしたら もしかしたら perhaps, maybe, by some chance 若しかして もしかして perhaps, possibly 若しかすると もしかすると perhaps, maybe, by some chance 若しくは もしくは or, otherwise 若しも もしも if 齎らす もたらす to bring, to take, to bring about 凭れる もたれる to lean against, to lean on, to recline on, to lie heavy (on the stomach) 持ち もち 1. hold, charge, keep possession, in charge, 2. wear, durability, life, draw, 3. usage (suff) 持ち切り もちきり hot topic, talk of the town 物体ない もったいない too good, more than one deserves, wasteful, sacrilegious, unworthy of 以て もって with, by, by means of, because, in view of 専ら もっぱら wholly, solely, entirely 持て成す もてなす to entertain, to make welcome 持てる もてる to be well liked, to be popular 基 もとい basis 物置き ものおき storeroom 物好き ものずき curiosity 物足りない ものたりない unsatisfied, unsatisfactory 最早 もはや already, now 模範 もはん exemplar, exemplification, exemplum, model, example 模倣 もほう imitation, copying 揉める もめる to disagree, to dispute 腿 もも thigh, femur 催す もよおす to hold (a meeting), to give (a dinner), to feel, to show signs of, to develop symptoms of, to feel (sick 漏らす もらす to let leak, to reveal 盛り上がる もりあがる to rouse, to swell, to rise 漏る もる to leak, to run out 漏れる もれる to leak out, to escape, to come through, to shine through, to filter out, to be omitted 脆い もろい brittle, fragile, tender-hearted もろに completely, all the way 問 もん problem, question 矢 や arrow 哉 や question mark 喧しい やかましい noisy, strict, fussy 野外 やがい fields, outskirts, open air, suburbs 軈て やがて before long, soon, at length 夜行 やぎょう walking around at night, night train, night travel 役職 やくしょく post, managerial position, official position 役立つ やくだつ to be useful, to be helpful, to serve the purpose 役場 やくば town hall 夜具 やぐ bedding 優 やさ gentle, affectionate 屋敷 やしき mansion 養う やしなう to rear, to maintain, to cultivate 社 やしろ Shinto shrine 野心 やしん ambition, aspiration, designs, treachery 易い やすい easy 安っぽい やすっぽい cheap-looking, tawdry, insignificant 休める やすめる to rest, to suspend, to give relief 野生 やせい wild 矢鱈に やたらに randomly, recklessly, blindly 夜中 やちゅう all night, the whole night 奴 やっこ servant, fellow やっ付ける やっつける to beat 矢っ張り やっぱり also, as I thought, still, in spite of, absolutely 野党 やとう opposition party 病 やまい illness, disease 闇 やみ darkness, the dark, black-marketeering, dark, shady, illegal 病む やむ to fall ill, to be ill 止むを得ない やむをえない cannot be helped, unavoidable 稍 やや a little, partially, somewhat, a short time, a while ややこしい puzzling, tangled, complicated, complex 遣り通す やりとおす to carry through, to achieve, to complete やり遂げる やりとげる to accomplish 遣る やる to do, to have sexual intercourse, to kill, to give (to inferiors animals etc.), to dispatch (a letter 和らげる やわらげる to soften, to moderate, to relieve 優位 ゆうい predominance, ascendancy, superiority 憂鬱 ゆううつ depression, melancholy, dejection, gloom 有益 ゆうえき beneficial, profitable 優越 ゆうえつ supremacy, predominance, being superior to 勇敢 ゆうかん bravery, heroism, gallantry 有機 ゆうき organic 夕暮れ ゆうぐれ evening, (evening) twilight 融資 ゆうし financing, loan 有する ゆうする to own, to be endowed with 融通 ゆうずう lending (money), accommodation, adaptability, versatility, finance 優勢 ゆうせい superiority, superior power, predominance, preponderance 優先 ゆうせん preference, priority 誘導 ゆうどう guidance, leading, induction, introduction, incitement, inducement 優美 ゆうび grace, refinement, elegance 有望 ゆうぼう good prospects, full of hope, promising 遊牧 ゆうぼく nomadism 夕焼け ゆうやけ sunset 有力 ゆうりょく 1. influence, prominence, 2. potent 幽霊 ゆうれい ghost, specter, apparition, phantom 誘惑 ゆうわく temptation, allurement, lure 揺さぶる ゆさぶる to shake, to jolt, to rock, to swing 茹でる ゆでる to boil ゆとり reserve, affluence, room, time (to spare) 指差す ゆびさす to point at 弓 ゆみ bow (and arrow) 揺らぐ ゆらぐ to swing, to sway, to shake, to tremble 緩む ゆるむ to become loose, to slacken 緩める ゆるめる to loosen, to slow down 緩やか ゆるやか lenient 世 よ world, society, age, generation 好い よい good 要因 よういん primary factor, main cause 溶液 ようえき solution (liquid) 用件 ようけん business 養護 ようご protection, nursing, protective care 用紙 ようし blank form 様式 ようしき style, form, pattern 要する ようする to demand, to require, to take 要請 ようせい claim, demand, request, application 養成 ようせい training, development 様相 ようそう aspect 用品 ようひん articles, supplies, parts 洋風 ようふう western style 用法 ようほう directions, rules of use 要望 ようぼう demand for, request 余暇 よか leisure, leisure time, spare time 予感 よかん presentiment, premonition 余興 よきょう side show, entertainment 預金 よきん deposit, bank account 抑圧 よくあつ check, restraint, oppression, suppression 浴室 よくしつ bathroom, bath 抑制 よくせい suppression 欲深い よくふかい greedy 欲望 よくぼう desire, appetite 寄こす よこす to send, to forward 横綱 よこづな sumo grand champion 葦 よし reed, bulrush 善し悪し よしあし good or bad, merits or demerits, quality, suitability 予想 よそう expectation, anticipation, prediction, forecast 余所見 よそみ looking away, looking aside 余地 よち place, room, margin, scope 依って よって therefore, consequently, accordingly, because of 余程 よっぽど very, greatly, much, to a large extent, quite 与党 よとう government party, (ruling) party in power, government 呼び止める よびとめる to challenge, to call somebody to halt 夜更かし よふかし staying up late, keeping late hours, sitting up late at night, nighthawk 夜更け よふけ late at night 読み上げる よみあげる to read out loud (and clearly), to call a roll 寄り掛かる よりかかる to lean against, to recline on, to lean on, to rely on 宜しく よろしく well, properly, suitably, best regards, please remember me 弱まる よわまる to abate, to weaken, to be emaciated, to be dejected, to be perplexed 弱める よわめる to weaken 弱る よわる to weaken, to be troubled, to be downcast, to be emaciated, to be dejected, to be perplexed, to impair 来場 らいじょう attendance 酪農 らくのう dairy (farm) 落下 らっか fall, drop, come down 楽観 らっかん optimism 濫用 らんよう abuse, misuse, misappropriation, using to excess 理屈 りくつ theory, reason 利根 りこん intelligence 利子 りし interest (bank) 利潤 りじゅん profit, returns 理性 りせい reason, sense 利息 りそく interest (bank) 立体 りったい solid body 立法 りっぽう legislation, lawmaking 利点 りてん advantage, point in favor 略語 りゃくご abbreviation, acronym 略奪 りゃくだつ pillage, plunder, looting, robbery 流 りゅう styleof, method of, manner of 流通 りゅうつう circulation of money or goods, flow of water or air, distribution 了 りょう finish, completion, understanding 料 りょう material, charge, rate, fee 領域 りょういき area, domain, territory, field, region, regime 了解 りょうかい comprehension, consent, understanding, roger (on the radio) 領海 りょうかい territorial waters 両極 りょうきょく both extremities, north and south poles, positive and negative poles 良好 りょうこう favorable, satisfactory 良識 りょうしき good sense 良質 りょうしつ good quality, superior quality 了承 りょうしょう acknowledgement, understanding (e.g. please be understanding of the mess during our renovation) 良心 りょうしん conscience 領地 りょうち territory, dominion 領土 りょうど dominion, territory, possession 両立 りょうりつ compatibility, coexistence, standing together 旅客 りょかく passenger (transport) 旅券 りょけん passport 履歴 りれき personal history, background, career, log 理論 りろん theory 輪 りん counter for wheels and flowers 林業 りんぎょう forestry 類似 るいじ analogous 類推 るいすい analogy 冷酷 れいこく cruelty, coldheartedness, relentless, ruthless 冷蔵 れいぞう cold storage, refrigeration 冷淡 れいたん coolness, indifference 恋愛 れんあい love, love-making, passion, emotion, affections 連休 れんきゅう consecutive holidays 連日 れんじつ every day, prolonged 連中 れんじゅう colleagues, company, a lot 連帯 れんたい solidarity 連邦 れんぽう commonwealth, federation of states 連盟 れんめい league, union, alliance 老衰 ろうすい senility, senile decay 朗読 ろうどく reading aloud, recitation 浪費 ろうひ waste, extravagance 労力 ろうりょく labour, effort, toil, trouble 碌な ろくな satisfactory, decent 碌に ろくに well, enough, sufficient 露骨 ろこつ 1. frank, blunt, plain, outspoken, 2. conspicuous, open, 3. broad, suggestive 論議 ろんぎ discussion 論理 ろんり logic 和 わ sum, harmony, peace 我がまま わがまま selfishness, egoism, wilfulness, disobedience, whim 枠 わく frame, slide 惑星 わくせい planet 技 わざ art, technique 態と わざと on purpose 態々 わざわざ expressly, specially, doing something especially rather than incidentally 煩わしい わずらわしい troublesome, annoying, complicated 渡り鳥 わたりどり migratory bird, bird of passage 詫び わび apology 和風 わふう Japanese style 和文 わぶん Japanese text, sentence in Japanese 藁 わら straw 割合に わりあいに comparatively 割り当て わりあて allotment, assignment, allocation, quota, rationing 割り込む わりこむ to cut in, to thrust oneself into, to wedge oneself in, to muscle in on, to interrupt, to disturb 割り算 わりざん division (math) 割引き わりびき discount, reduction, rebate, tenths discounted 悪者 わるもの bad fellow, rascal, ruffian, scoundrel アイデア idea アクセル accelerator アップ up アプローチ approach (in golf) アマチュア amateur アラブ Arab アルカリ alkali アルミ aluminum (Al), aluminium アワー hour アンケート (fr:) (n) questionnaire (fr: enquete), survey アンコール encore イエス Jesus, yes インターチェンジ interchange インターナショナル international インターフォン intercom インテリ egghead, intelligentsia インフォメーション information インフレ inflation ウェートレス waitress エアメール air mail エレガント elegant エンジニア engineer オーケー OK オートマチック automatic オープン open オリエンテーション orientation オレンジ an orange オンライン on-line カーペット carpet カクテル cocktail カット cut, cutting カテゴリー category カムバック comeback カメラマン cameraman カルテ (de:) (n) clinical records (de: Karte) カンニング cunning, cheat ガイド tour guide ガイドブック guidebook ガレージ garage (at house) キャッチ catch キャリア career, career government employee クイズ quiz クラブ club, crab クレーン crane グラフ graph グレー grey, gray ゲスト guest コーナー corner コマーシャル a commercial コミュニケーション communication コメント comment コンタクト contact, contact lens コンテスト contest コントラスト contrast コントロール control コンパス compass サイクル cycle サイズ size サボる to be truant, to be idle, to sabotage by slowness サンキュー thank you サンタクロース Santa Claus シート seat, sheet システム system シック chic シナリオ scenario ショー show ショック shock ジーパン jeans (lit: jeans pants), dungarees ジャズ jazz ジャンパー jacket, jumper ジャンプ jump ジャンボ jumbo ジャンル genre スタジオ studio スチーム steam ストライキ strike ストレス stress ストロー straw ストロボ stroboscope (lit: strobo), strobe lamp, stroboscopic lamp スピード speed スプリング spring スペース space スポーツカー sports car スラックス slacks セール sale セクション section セックス sexual intercourse セレモニー ceremony センス good sense (for music style tact etc.) ゼリー 1. jelly, 2. Jerry ソース source ソックス socks ソロ solo タイトル title タイピスト typist タイマー timer タイミング timing タイム time タイムリー timely, run-batted-in (baseball), RBI タイヤ tire, tyre タイル tile タレント talent, star, personality タワー tower ダース dozen ダウン down ダブる to coincide (fall on the same day), to have two of something, to repeat a school year after failing ダンプ dump チームワーク teamwork チェンジ change チャイム chime チャンネル a channel ティッシュペーパー tissue paper テレックス telex, teletypewriter exchange データ data デコレーション decoration デザート dessert デザイン design デッサン (fr:) (n) rough sketch (fr: dessin) デモンストレーション demonstration トーン tone トラブル trouble (sometimes used as a verb) トランジスター transistor ドライ dry ドライクリーニング dry cleaning ドライバー driver, screwdriver ドライブイン drive in ドリル drill ナイター game under lights (e.g. baseball) (lit: nighter), night game ナプキン napkin ナンセンス nonsense ニュー new ニュアンス nuance ネガ (photographic) negative ノイローゼ (de:) (n) neurosis (de: Neurose) ハンガー hangar, (coat) hanger, hunger バー bar バッジ badge バット bat, vat パジャマ pajamas, pyjamas パチンコ pachinko (Japanese pinball) パトカー patrol car パンク 1. (abbr) puncture, bursting, 2. punk ヒント hint ビールス virus ビジネス business ファイト fight ファイル file ファン fan, fun フィルター (camera) filter フェリー ferry フォーム foam, form フロント front ブーツ boots ブーム boom ブザー buzzer ブルー blue ベース base, bass ベスト best, vest ベストセラー best-seller ペア pair, pear ホース hose ホール hall, hole ボイコット boycott ボルト volt, bolt ポーズ pause ポイント point ポジション position ポット pot ポンプ pump マーク mark マスコミ mass communication マッサージ massage ミスプリント misprint ミセス Mrs. ミュージック music ミリ milli-, 10^-3 ムード mood メーカー maker メッセージ message メディア media メロディー melody モーテル motel モニター (computer) monitor ヤング young ユニーク unique ユニフォーム uniform ライス rice ラベル label ランプ lamp, ramp, headlight, light ルーズ loose ルール rule レース race, lace レギュラー regular レクリエーション recreation レッスン lesson レディー lady レバー lever, liver レンジ range, stove レンタカー hire car (lit: rent-a-car) レントゲン X-ray (lit: Roentgen) ロープ rope ローマ字 ローマじ romanization, Roman letters ロマンチック romantic ワット watt