/*
 * Copyright 2010-2022 Max Kellermann <max.kellermann@gmail.com>
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 * distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
 * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
 * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
 * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
 * STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
 * OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#pragma once

#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <span>
#include <utility>

/**
 * An array allocated on the heap with a length determined at runtime.
 */
template<class T>
class AllocatedArray {
	using Buffer = std::span<T>;

public:
	using value_type = T;
	using size_type = typename Buffer::size_type;
	using reference = typename Buffer::reference;
	using const_reference = typename Buffer::const_reference;
	using pointer = typename Buffer::pointer;
	using const_pointer = typename Buffer::const_pointer;
	using iterator = typename Buffer::iterator;
	using const_iterator = typename Buffer::iterator;

protected:
	Buffer buffer{};

public:
	constexpr AllocatedArray() = default;

	explicit AllocatedArray(size_type _size) noexcept
		:buffer{new T[_size], _size} {}

	explicit AllocatedArray(std::span<const T> src) noexcept {
		if (src.data() == nullptr)
			return;

		buffer = {new T[src.size()], src.size()};
		std::copy(src.begin(), src.end(), buffer.begin());
	}

	AllocatedArray(std::nullptr_t) noexcept {}

	explicit AllocatedArray(const AllocatedArray &other) noexcept
		:AllocatedArray(other.buffer) {}

	AllocatedArray(AllocatedArray &&other) noexcept
		:buffer(other.release()) {}

	~AllocatedArray() noexcept {
		delete[] buffer.data();
	}

	AllocatedArray &operator=(std::span<const T> src) noexcept {
		assert(empty() || buffer.data() != nullptr);
		assert(src.empty() || src.data() != nullptr);

		ResizeDiscard(src.size());
		std::copy(src.begin(), src.end(), buffer.begin());
		return *this;
	}

	AllocatedArray &operator=(const AllocatedArray &other) noexcept {
		assert(empty() || buffer.data() != nullptr);
		assert(other.empty() || other.buffer.data() != nullptr);

		if (&other == this)
			return *this;

		ResizeDiscard(other.size());
		std::copy_n(other.buffer.begin(), other.buffer.end(),
			    buffer.begin());
		return *this;
	}

	AllocatedArray &operator=(AllocatedArray &&other) noexcept {
		using std::swap;
		swap(buffer, other.buffer);
		return *this;
	}

	AllocatedArray &operator=(std::nullptr_t) noexcept {
		delete[] buffer.data();
		buffer = {};
		return *this;
	}

	operator std::span<const T>() const noexcept {
		return buffer;
	}

	operator std::span<T>() noexcept {
		return buffer;
	}

	constexpr bool operator==(std::nullptr_t) const noexcept {
		return buffer.data() == nullptr;
	}

	constexpr bool operator!=(std::nullptr_t) const noexcept {
		return buffer.data() != nullptr;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns true if no memory was allocated so far.
	 */
	constexpr bool empty() const noexcept {
		return buffer.empty();
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the number of allocated elements.
	 */
	constexpr size_type size() const noexcept {
		return buffer.size();
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the number of allocated elements.
	 */
	constexpr size_type capacity() const noexcept {
		return buffer.size();
	}

	pointer data() noexcept {
		return buffer.data();
	}

	const_pointer data() const noexcept {
		return buffer.data();
	}

	reference front() noexcept {
		return buffer.front();
	}

	const_reference front() const noexcept {
		return buffer.front();
	}

	reference back() noexcept {
		return buffer.back();
	}

	const_reference back() const noexcept {
		return buffer.back();
	}

	/**
	 * Returns one element.  No bounds checking.
	 */
	reference operator[](size_type i) noexcept {
		return buffer[i];
	}

	/**
	 * Returns one constant element.  No bounds checking.
	 */
	const_reference operator[](size_type i) const noexcept {
		return buffer[i];
	}

	iterator begin() noexcept {
		return buffer.begin();
	}

	constexpr const_iterator begin() const noexcept {
		return buffer.begin();
	}

	iterator end() noexcept {
		return buffer.end();
	}

	constexpr const_iterator end() const noexcept {
		return buffer.end();
	}

	/**
	 * Resizes the array, discarding old data.
	 */
	void ResizeDiscard(size_type _size) noexcept {
		if (_size == buffer.size())
			return;

		delete[] buffer.data();
		buffer = {new T[_size], _size};
	}

	/**
	 * Grows the array to the specified size, discarding old data.
	 * Similar to ResizeDiscard(), but will never shrink the array to
	 * avoid expensive heap operations.
	 */
	void GrowDiscard(size_type _size) noexcept {
		if (_size > buffer.size())
			ResizeDiscard(_size);
	}

	/**
	 * Grows the array to the specified size, preserving the value of a
	 * range of elements, starting from the beginning.
	 */
	void GrowPreserve(size_type _size, size_type preserve) noexcept {
		if (_size <= buffer.size())
			return;

		T *new_data = new T[_size];

		std::move(buffer.begin(), std::next(buffer.begin(), preserve),
			  new_data);

		delete[] buffer.data();
		buffer = {new_data, _size};
	}

	/**
	 * Declare that the buffer has the specified size.  Must not be
	 * larger than the current size.  Excess elements are not used (but
	 * they are still allocated).
	 */
	void SetSize(size_type _size) noexcept {
		assert(_size <= buffer.size());

		buffer = buffer.first(_size);
	}

	/**
	 * Give up ownership of the allocated buffer and return it.
	 */
	Buffer release() noexcept {
		return std::exchange(buffer, std::span<T>{});
	}
};