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<title>難民認定の手引を初めて策定「性的マイノリティー」理由も該当 | NHK | Q</title>
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<span>難民認定の手引を初めて策定「性的マイノリティー」理由も該当</span>
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<p class="content--date">
<time datetime="2023-03-24T11:41:39">2023年3月24日 11時41分</time>
<a href="/news/word/0000428.html" class="i-word">Q</a>
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<p class="content--summary" style="">政府は難民認定の透明性を高めるため、初めて手引を策定して公表し、人種や政治的意見だけではなく「性的マイノリティー」を理由に迫害を受けるおそれがある場合も難民に該当し得るとしています。</p>
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<p class="content--summary-more" style="">国連難民条約では難民について、人種、宗教、国籍、特定の社会的集団の構成員、政治的意見などを理由に迫害を受けるおそれがある人と定義していますが、日本の難民認定の基準は欧米と比べて厳格で、審査の過程が不透明だという指摘があります。<br /><br />出入国在留管理庁は難民認定の透明性を高めるため、諸外国の例などを踏まえ、初めて手引を策定し定義を明確化しました。<br /><br />それによりますと、人種や政治的意見だけではなく「性的マイノリティー」や「ジェンダー」を理由に迫害を受けるおそれがある場合も、難民に該当し得るとしています。<br /><br />また、「迫害を受けるおそれ」に関しては、抽象的なものではなく「現実的な危険」が必要だとしました。<br /><br />このほか、迫害を加える側として、国家だけではなく、過激派組織なども該当するとしています。<br /><br />入管庁は「これまでの難民認定の範囲を広げるものではないが、申請者が認定の判断要素を理解することで迅速な認定につながることを期待したい」としています。</p>
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<h2 class="body-title">齋藤法相 “難民の定義や範囲は変わらず”</h2>
<div class="body-text">齋藤法務大臣は、閣議の後の記者会見で「難民の定義が変更されるものではなく、範囲が広がるものでもない。ただし、ポイントが整理され、それを踏まえた申請が予想される。結果として迅速な認定につながるケースが増加していく可能性は考えられる」と述べました。<br /><br />また、難民条約の「迫害を受ける恐れ」という要件について「申請者が迫害主体から個別に存在を把握され、狙われていなければ、難民として認定されないとの誤解が見受けられるが、手引では、そのような判断はしない旨を記載している」と述べました。</div>
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