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<span>小惑星「リュウグウ」砂などから “生命に関係深い”アミノ酸</span>
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<time datetime="2022-06-06T18:53:04">2022年6月6日 18時53分</time>
<a href="/news/word/0000633.html" class="i-word">はやぶさ2</a>
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<p class="content--summary" style="">日本の探査機「はやぶさ2」が小惑星「リュウグウ」で採取したサンプルを分析したところ、生命に関係が深いアミ酸が20種類以上検出されたことが文部科学省への取材で分かり、生命の誕生に必要な材料がどのように供給されたか考えるうえで重要な成果だとしています。</p>
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<p class="content--summary-more" style="">日本の探査機「はやぶさ2」はおととし、小惑星「リュウグウ」から砂などのサンプルを持ち帰り、JAXA宇宙航空研究開発機構などの国内の8つの研究チームが詳しい分析を進めていました。<br /><br />文部科学省によりますと、このサンプルから、生命活動に関係が深い有機物であるアミ酸が20種類以上検出されたということです。<br /><br />アミノ酸は、初期の地球にもあったと考えられているものの、地球全体が高温になっていったんは失われたあと、隕石などによって宇宙から再びもたらされたとする学説があり、文部科学省は、生命の誕生に必要な材料がどのように供給されたか考えるうえで重要な成果になるとしています。<br /><br />また、分析を行っている8つのチームは、それぞれ、分析結果をまとめる段階に入っていて、今後、詳細なデータが論文などで公表される見込みだということです。</p>
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<h2 class="body-title">専門家「画期的な成果だ」</h2>
<div class="body-text">生命の起源と宇宙との関係を専門にしている横浜国立大学の小林憲正名誉教授は「画期的な成果だ」と指摘しています。<br /><br />地球に生命が誕生した時に、材料となった有機物がどこからきたものなのかという課題は、大きく2つの仮説があり、どのように生命が誕生したのか考えるうえで重要なテーマになっています。<br /><br />ひとつ目の仮説は、地球の太古の大気中でアミノ酸が作られたというものです。<br /><br />誕生した直後の地球は非常に高温になっていて、アミノ酸や有機物は存在できなかったと考えられていて、その後、徐々に冷えて化学反応が起き、アミノ酸が生成されたというものです。<br /><br />もうひとつの説は、アミノ酸を多く含む小惑星などが隕石となって地球に生命の材料をもたらしたというものです。<br /><br />地球に落下した隕石を詳しく分析すると、アミノ酸が検出されるケースが多数、報告されるようになり、この仮説を補強していると考えられています。<br /><br />今回、小惑星「リュウグウ」のサンプルでアミ酸が20種類以上検出されたことについて小林名誉教授は「画期的な成果だ。こうしたアミ酸が地球の生命の誕生につながったかもしれない。アミ酸は宇宙では特殊なものではなくかなり普遍的に存在することを示す成果だといえる」と指摘しています。<br /><br />アミノ酸には、コラーゲンの元となるグリシンや神経の伝達に必要な物質でおいしさを強めることで知られるグルタミン酸やアスパラギン酸などがあります。<br /><br />分析ではこうしたアミ酸の中から20種類以上が検出されたということです。<br /><br />小林名誉教授は検出されたアミノ酸について「アミノ酸の中には生命との関係が薄いものもあるので、今後、地球の生命に欠かせないタンパク質をつくるアミノ酸などがどれくらい含まれているか注目している」と話しています。</div>
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