oysteikt-skolearbeid/TDT4310-project-sorted-japanese-example-sentences
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2024-04-26 00:46:44 +02:00
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<article class="module module--detail--v3">
<section class="module--detail-content">
<header class="content--detail-header">
<figure class="content--thumb">
<img class="lazy" src="/news/parts16/images/common/noimg_default.gif" data-src="/news/html/20221115/K10013891361_2211151407_1115143450_01_02.jpg" alt="">
</figure>
<div class="content--detail-title">
<h1 class="content--title">
<span>世界の人口 80億人突破へ インドやアフリカなどで増加が顕著に</span>
</h1>
<p class="content--date">
<time datetime="2022-11-15T14:56:52">2022年11月15日 14時56分</time>
<a href="/news/word/0002151.html" class="i-word">ニュース深掘り</a>
</p>
</div>
</header>
<div class="module--share none-screen">
<div class="nhk-snsbtn" data-nhksns-disable="google" data-nhksns-description=" "></div>
</div>
<section class="content--detail-main">
<div class="content--detail-body">
<p class="content--summary" style="">国連によりますと、世界の人口が15日、80億人を突破します。人口の増加はインドやアフリカ諸国などで著しく、来年にはインドが中国を抜いて世界で最も人口が多くなるとみられています。</p>
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<div class="content--detail-more none-mobile">
<section class="content--body type-bottom" style="">
<figure class="body-img">
<img class="lazy" src="/news/parts16/images/common/noimg_default.gif" data-src="/news/html/20221115/K10013891361_2211151140_1115114304_01_03.jpg" alt="">
</figure>
<div class="body-text">世界の人口は、平均寿命の伸びや母子の死亡率の低下を背景に増加を続けていて、この12年でおよそ10億人増え、国連は15日、80億人を突破するとしています。<br /><br />国連によりますと、南アジアの一部の国やアフリカなどでは今後も人口の大幅な増加が見込まれていて、来年にはインドが中国を上回り、世界で最も人口が多くなるとみられています。<br /><br />また、今後2050年までに増える世界の人口の半数以上は、アフリカのサハラ砂漠以南の国々になる見通しだということです。<br /><br />一方で日本を含む61の国や地域では、出生率の低下などから2050年までにそれぞれ人口が1％以上減少すると、予測されています。<br /><br />世界全体の人口増加のペースも徐々に鈍っていて、2080年代におよそ104億人のピークを迎えたあとは、減少に転じる可能性があるとみられています。<br /><br />国連の経済社会局は、人口が急速に増加している国では若者の教育や就労機会の確保が必要だとする一方、人口の増加が見込めない国では少子高齢化などに備える必要があると指摘しています。</div>
</section>
<section class="content--body type-bottom" style="">
<h2 class="body-title">2050年までに人口が大幅に増加するのは8か国</h2>
<figure class="body-img">
<img class="lazy" src="/news/parts16/images/common/noimg_default.gif" data-src="/news/html/20221115/K10013891361_2211151433_1115143521_01_04.jpg" alt="">
</figure>
<div class="body-text">国連は、今後2050年までに人口が大幅に増加する国として、インド、ナイジェリア、パキスタン、コンゴ民主共和国、エチオピア、エジプト、フィリピン、タンザニアの8か国をあげています。<br /><br />こうした国々で大幅な人口の増加が見込まれる要因として、国連は平均寿命が伸びる一方で、乳幼児などの死亡率が低下していることをあげています。<br /><br />一方で急速な人口の増加や高い出生率が続くことについて、国連の経済社会局は、子どもたちへの教育が追いつかず、社会の発展を妨げるおそれがあるとしています。<br /><br />そのうえで、ジェンダーの平等などを推進することで、高すぎる出生率をより安定したレベルに移行させることが可能になるとしています。</div>
</section>
<section class="content--body type-bottom" style="">
<h2 class="body-title">インドの人口増加の背景は</h2>
<figure class="body-img">
<img class="lazy" src="/news/parts16/images/common/noimg_default.gif" data-src="/news/html/20221115/K10013891361_2211142057_1115143701_01_05.jpg" alt="">
</figure>
<div class="body-text">インドの現在の人口はおよそ14億人。<br /><br />政府は1950年代以降、人口を抑制するため、夫婦の子どもを2人までとすることなどを目標にした政策を展開し、避妊手術なども行われましたが、現在は国としての厳格な制限はありません。<br /><br />人口は最近毎年1％増えていて、背景の1つには衛生環境の改善などによる乳幼児の死亡率の低下があるとみられています。<br /><br />政府の統計によりますと、乳幼児が亡くなる割合は2000年には1000人当たり68人でしたが、2020年には28人へと大幅に減っています。<br /><br />それに加えて、高い経済成長が続く中、平均寿命も1970年代前半には49.7歳だったのが、2000年代後半には69.7歳へと、20年も長くなっています。<br /><br />人口構成も、これから子どもを持つことが想定される若年層の割合が高い「釣り鐘型」になっていることなどから、当面は人口の増加が続くとみられていて、2050年には16億人を超えるという推計も出ています。</div>
</section>
<section class="content--body" style="">
<h2 class="body-title">2050年までには4人に1人がアフリカの人々と予測</h2>
<div class="body-text">人口増加の波はアフリカにも押し寄せていて、国連によりますと2022年のアフリカの人口は14億人余りと、世界全体のおよそ18％ですが、2050年までには24億人を超え、世界の人口の4人に1人がアフリカの人々になると予測されています。<br /><br />人口急増の背景にあるのが高い出生率で、国連のデータによりますと、サハラ砂漠以南の国々では1人の女性が一生のうちに産む子どもの数の指標は平均して4.5となっていて、世界平均の2.3を大きく上回っています。<br /><br />さらに、アフリカでは人口が増加するだけでなく、平均年齢も世界全体と比較して若いのが特徴で、市場としての魅力も高く、世界から注目されています。<br /><br />近年はインターネットの普及を背景に、保健医療や物流、農業などこれまで課題を抱えていた分野で新たなサービスを生み出す現地のスタートアップ企業も多く生まれていることから、世界から投資が集まっていて、日本も官民をあげて投資を増やす動きを活発化させています。<br /><br />一方で、増え続ける人口に教育や雇用が追いつかず、格差の拡大も大きな問題となっているほか、貧困や飢餓が深刻さを増している国もあり、アフリカの人口問題は世界が取り組むべき課題になっています。</div>
</section>
<section class="content--body type-bottom" style="">
<h2 class="body-title">国連機関 声明 ”格差や不平等の解消が重要”</h2>
<figure class="body-img">
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</figure>
<div class="body-text">世界の人口が80億人に達することについて、国連人口基金などの国連の機関が共同で声明を発表しました。<br /><br />声明では、人口増加の背景となっている世界の衛生状況の改善や乳幼児死亡率の低下などを歓迎する一方で、「急激な人口の増加は、貧困、飢餓、栄養失調との闘いや、保健サービスや教育の普及を難しくする」と、人口増加によって生じる課題もあげています。<br /><br />そのうえで「保健、教育、ジェンダー平等の推進などのSDGs＝持続可能な開発目標の達成は、世界人口の増加のペースを遅らせる」として、改めて格差や不平等の解消が重要になると指摘しています。<br /><br />また「人口増加は世界の最も貧しい国に集中していて、そのほとんどがサハラ以南のアフリカの国々だ。すべての国が、人口の増減にかかわらず国民が質の高い生活を送れるようにするとともに、最も弱い立場の人に配慮しなければならない」として、国際社会が協力して取り組まなければならないと強調しました。</div>
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<h2 class="body-title">国連人口基金「人口の増減のデータに基づいた政策を」</h2>
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<div class="body-text">世界の人口が80億人を突破することについて、日本を訪れていたUNFPA＝国連人口基金のコミュニケーション・戦略的パートナーシップ局のイアン・マクファーレン局長はNHKのインタビューに対し「人々が長生きし、女性が出産で命を落とすことが減ったことを、まずは祝福すべきだ。一方で、環境への負荷など世界への影響を懸念する声もあがるだろう」と述べました。<br /><br />そのうえで、食料不足や格差拡大への懸念については「人口の増減について状況を正確に把握するとともに、人々が平等にサービスを享受でき、社会に貢献できるような法的枠組みも必要だ」と述べ、各国が取り組む課題や責任も生じるとして、人口の増減のデータに基づいた政策を進める必要性を指摘しました。<br /><br />また「出生率が最も高い国の1つのニジェールでは、女性1人当たりから7人近くの子どもが生まれていて、多くの場合、女性はこれほど多くの子どもを望んでいない」と述べたうえで「女性や少女が保健サービスや避妊方法へのアクセスを保証され、結婚や出産について自分の意思で決める環境をつくることが変化をもたらす」として、女性に教育や選択肢を提供する重要性を強調しました。</div>
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