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<title>ノババックス 副反応の頻度はファイザーやモデルナより低い | NHK | 新型コロナウイルス</title>
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<span>ノババックス 副反応の頻度はファイザーやモデルナより低い</span>
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<time datetime="2022-06-04T21:03:44">2022年6月4日 21時03分</time>
<a href="/news/word/0000967.html" class="i-word">新型コロナウイルス</a>
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<p class="content--summary" style="">ノババックスの新型コロナウイルスワクチンは、国内で多く接種されているファイザーやモデルナのワクチンよりも副反応が出る頻度が低いとされています。<br /><br />ファイザーやモデルナのワクチンは、遺伝情報を伝達する物質「mRNA」を投与することで体内で新型コロナウイルスのスパイクたんぱく質が作られウイルスに対する抗体ができる仕組みですが、ババックスのワクチンでは、人工的に作ったスパイクたんぱく質そのものを投与することで免疫の反応を引き起こします。</p>
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<p class="content--summary-more" style="">各社のワクチンの添付文書などによりますと、海外の臨床試験で見られた主な副反応の割合は、<br />ファイザーでは16歳以上で<br />▽接種した部位に痛みが出た人は1回目の接種後は77.8、2回目の接種後は72.6%、<br />▽けん怠感が1回目の接種後は41.5、2回目の接種後は55.5%、<br />▽38度以上の発熱が1回目の接種後は2.7、2回目の接種後は13.6%、</p>
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<div class="body-text">モデルナでは18歳以上で<br />▽接種した部位に痛みが出た人は1回目の接種後は83.7、2回目の接種後は88.2%、<br />▽けん怠感が1回目の接種後は37.2、2回目の接種後は65.3%、<br />▽38度以上の発熱が1回目の接種後は0.8、2回目の接種後は15.5%などとなっています。<br /><br />ワクチンの副反応に関する厚生労働省の研究班の資料によりますと、日本国内で接種を受けた人で38度以上の発熱が出たのは<br />ファイザーでは1回目の接種後は0.9、2回目の接種後は21.3%、<br />モデルナでは1回目の接種後は2.3、2回目の接種後は60.1%と海外で行われた臨床試験より高い割合となっています。<br /><br />これに対し、ババックスでは18歳以上で<br />▽接種した部位に痛みが出た人は1回目の接種後は34.4、2回目の接種後は59.7%、<br />▽けん怠感が1回目の接種後は25.6、2回目の接種後は49.5%、<br />▽38度以上の発熱が1回目の接種後は0.4、2回目の接種後は5.7%などと頻度が低くなっているほか、この臨床試験を報告した論文では、まれな副反応、心筋炎の増加は確認されなかったとしています。<br /><br />ワクチンに詳しい北里大学の中山哲夫特任教授によりますと、ファイザーやモデルナのワクチンでは、体内に投与されるmRNAそのものやmRNAをくるんでいる脂質の成分によって副反応が現れる一方、ババックスのワクチンでは免疫反応を強める「アジュバント」という物質によって炎症が引き起こされて副反応が現れるということで、この仕組みの違いが副反応の頻度の違いにもつながっているということです。<br /><br />臨床試験で示された有効性について各社の添付文書によりますと、<br />2回の接種のあと発症を予防する効果は、ファイザーが従来のウイルスに対して95.0、モデルナが従来のウイルスに対して94.1で、ババックスが、アルファ株やベータ株などが多く見られた時期で90.4%だったとしています。<br /><br />ただ、オミクロン株に対する効果は、どのワクチンでも下がるとみられています。<br /><br />ファイザーやモデルナのワクチンでオミクロン株に対する発症を予防する効果は、イギリスの保健当局のデータによりますと、<br />▽2回目の接種から20週を過ぎると20程度に下がりましたが、<br />▽追加接種の2週間から4週間後には65から75ほどに上がりました。<br /><br />また、入院を予防する効果について、アメリカのCDC疾病対策センターがオミクロン株の時期に分析したところ、<br />▽2回目の接種から2か月までだと71、5か月以上たつと54で、<br />▽追加接種から2か月以内は91、4か月から5か月の時点では78でした。<br /><br />ババックスのワクチンで、オミクロン株に対して発症や入院を予防する効果の分析結果は今のところ発表されていませんが、ババックスによりますと、2回目の接種のあと、オミクロン株の働きを抑える中和抗体の値は従来のウイルスに対する値の4分の1以下になっていたということです。<br /><br />ただ、3回目の接種を行うと、2回目の接種のあとよりも高い水準まで回復したとしています。</div>
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