From 4627b0b5222010d048ac5debdc1014fee9a51dbc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: fredrikr79 <fredrikrobertsen7@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 22 Sep 2025 21:56:56 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] ex3: report

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+---
+title: tdt4200ex3 -- 1d wave equation mpi
+date: 2025-09-22
+author: fredrik robertsen
+---
+
+## theory questions
+
+### 1)
+
+by parallelizing the code i get quite a speed-up when running four processes.
+this is as i expected, because my laptop has four cores available for parallel
+processing. i have done threading previously, which also gave a speed-up for
+four threads. thus it makes sense that we get a speed-up here. it means we must
+have more intensive calculations than the overhead of using mpi.
+
+here's an excerpt from `make check`:
+
+```
+./sequential
+Total elapsed time: 5.115875 seconds
+
+mpiexec -n 1 --oversubscribe ./parallel
+Total elapsed time: 5.347622 seconds
+
+mpiexec -n 4 --oversubscribe ./parallel
+Total elapsed time: 1.729224 seconds
+
+mpiexec -n 13 --oversubscribe ./parallel
+Total elapsed time: 2.717839 seconds
+```
+
+assuming i have implemented timing correctly, mpi is slightly slower with only
+a single process, as expected. similarly, for 13 processes we get a speed-up,
+but not by as much due to the overhead of having more processes that are not
+necessarily capable of running in parallel -- they are limited by my hardware.
+
+### 2)
+
+this is a ring-buffer (halo) topology 3-stencil. a process only communicates
+with its nearest neighbor. the calculations are a form of finite differences.
+
+### 3)
+
+_well-spoken [AI](https://kagi.com) answer:_
+
+**point-to-point communication:**
+
+- communication between **exactly two processes** (sender ↔ receiver)
+- examples: `mpi_send`, `mpi_recv`, `mpi_sendrecv`
+
+**collective communication:**
+
+- communication involving **all processes** in a communicator
+- examples: `mpi_bcast`, `mpi_reduce`, `mpi_allreduce`, `mpi_gather`, `mpi_scatter`
+
+**key differences:**
+
+| aspect              | point-to-point | collective       |
+| ------------------- | -------------- | ---------------- |
+| **participants**    | 2 processes    | all processes    |
+| **synchronization** | optional       | required         |
+| **optimization**    | manual         | automatic        |
+| **flexibility**     | high           | limited patterns |
+
+### 4)
+
+`int* a, b` is a classic c pitfall. my auto-formatter is configured to correctly
+format such a string to `int *a, b`, since pointers are a part of the variable
+name definition, not the type. as such, `b` is merely an `int`.
+
+this is slightly relevant for the entertaining c-ism `buffer[0] == 0[buffer]`
+(this relates to the fact that indexing brackets are syntactic sugar for pointer
+addition, which is commutative).