620 lines
24 KiB
Python
620 lines
24 KiB
Python
# firebird.py
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# Copyright (C) 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Michael Bayer mike_mp@zzzcomputing.com
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#
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# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
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# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
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"""
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Support for the Firebird database.
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Connectivity is usually supplied via the kinterbasdb_ DBAPI module.
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Dialects
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~~~~~~~~
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Firebird offers two distinct dialects_ (not to be confused with a
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SQLAlchemy ``Dialect``):
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dialect 1
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This is the old syntax and behaviour, inherited from Interbase pre-6.0.
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dialect 3
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This is the newer and supported syntax, introduced in Interbase 6.0.
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The SQLAlchemy Firebird dialect detects these versions and
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adjusts its representation of SQL accordingly. However,
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support for dialect 1 is not well tested and probably has
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incompatibilities.
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Locking Behavior
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Firebird locks tables aggressively. For this reason, a DROP TABLE may
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hang until other transactions are released. SQLAlchemy does its best
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to release transactions as quickly as possible. The most common cause
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of hanging transactions is a non-fully consumed result set, i.e.::
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result = engine.execute("select * from table")
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row = result.fetchone()
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return
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Where above, the ``ResultProxy`` has not been fully consumed. The
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connection will be returned to the pool and the transactional state
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rolled back once the Python garbage collector reclaims the objects
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which hold onto the connection, which often occurs asynchronously.
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The above use case can be alleviated by calling ``first()`` on the
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``ResultProxy`` which will fetch the first row and immediately close
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all remaining cursor/connection resources.
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RETURNING support
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Firebird 2.0 supports returning a result set from inserts, and 2.1
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extends that to deletes and updates. This is generically exposed by
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the SQLAlchemy ``returning()`` method, such as::
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# INSERT..RETURNING
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result = table.insert().returning(table.c.col1, table.c.col2).\\
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values(name='foo')
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print result.fetchall()
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# UPDATE..RETURNING
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raises = empl.update().returning(empl.c.id, empl.c.salary).\\
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where(empl.c.sales>100).\\
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values(dict(salary=empl.c.salary * 1.1))
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print raises.fetchall()
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.. _dialects: http://mc-computing.com/Databases/Firebird/SQL_Dialect.html
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"""
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import datetime, re
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from sqlalchemy import schema as sa_schema
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from sqlalchemy import exc, types as sqltypes, sql, util
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from sqlalchemy.sql import expression
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from sqlalchemy.engine import base, default, reflection
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from sqlalchemy.sql import compiler
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from sqlalchemy.types import (BIGINT, BLOB, BOOLEAN, CHAR, DATE,
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FLOAT, INTEGER, NUMERIC, SMALLINT,
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TEXT, TIME, TIMESTAMP, VARCHAR)
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RESERVED_WORDS = set([
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"active", "add", "admin", "after", "all", "alter", "and", "any", "as",
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"asc", "ascending", "at", "auto", "avg", "before", "begin", "between",
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"bigint", "bit_length", "blob", "both", "by", "case", "cast", "char",
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"character", "character_length", "char_length", "check", "close",
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"collate", "column", "commit", "committed", "computed", "conditional",
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"connect", "constraint", "containing", "count", "create", "cross",
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"cstring", "current", "current_connection", "current_date",
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"current_role", "current_time", "current_timestamp",
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"current_transaction", "current_user", "cursor", "database", "date",
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"day", "dec", "decimal", "declare", "default", "delete", "desc",
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"descending", "disconnect", "distinct", "do", "domain", "double",
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"drop", "else", "end", "entry_point", "escape", "exception",
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"execute", "exists", "exit", "external", "extract", "fetch", "file",
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"filter", "float", "for", "foreign", "from", "full", "function",
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"gdscode", "generator", "gen_id", "global", "grant", "group",
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"having", "hour", "if", "in", "inactive", "index", "inner",
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"input_type", "insensitive", "insert", "int", "integer", "into", "is",
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"isolation", "join", "key", "leading", "left", "length", "level",
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"like", "long", "lower", "manual", "max", "maximum_segment", "merge",
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"min", "minute", "module_name", "month", "names", "national",
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"natural", "nchar", "no", "not", "null", "numeric", "octet_length",
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"of", "on", "only", "open", "option", "or", "order", "outer",
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"output_type", "overflow", "page", "pages", "page_size", "parameter",
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"password", "plan", "position", "post_event", "precision", "primary",
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"privileges", "procedure", "protected", "rdb$db_key", "read", "real",
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"record_version", "recreate", "recursive", "references", "release",
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"reserv", "reserving", "retain", "returning_values", "returns",
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"revoke", "right", "rollback", "rows", "row_count", "savepoint",
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"schema", "second", "segment", "select", "sensitive", "set", "shadow",
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"shared", "singular", "size", "smallint", "snapshot", "some", "sort",
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"sqlcode", "stability", "start", "starting", "starts", "statistics",
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"sub_type", "sum", "suspend", "table", "then", "time", "timestamp",
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"to", "trailing", "transaction", "trigger", "trim", "uncommitted",
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"union", "unique", "update", "upper", "user", "using", "value",
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"values", "varchar", "variable", "varying", "view", "wait", "when",
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"where", "while", "with", "work", "write", "year",
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])
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colspecs = {
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}
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ischema_names = {
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'SHORT': SMALLINT,
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'LONG': BIGINT,
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'QUAD': FLOAT,
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'FLOAT': FLOAT,
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'DATE': DATE,
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'TIME': TIME,
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'TEXT': TEXT,
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'INT64': NUMERIC,
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'DOUBLE': FLOAT,
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'TIMESTAMP': TIMESTAMP,
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'VARYING': VARCHAR,
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'CSTRING': CHAR,
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'BLOB': BLOB,
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}
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# TODO: date conversion types (should be implemented as _FBDateTime, _FBDate, etc.
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# as bind/result functionality is required)
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class FBTypeCompiler(compiler.GenericTypeCompiler):
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def visit_boolean(self, type_):
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return self.visit_SMALLINT(type_)
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def visit_datetime(self, type_):
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return self.visit_TIMESTAMP(type_)
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def visit_TEXT(self, type_):
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return "BLOB SUB_TYPE 1"
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def visit_BLOB(self, type_):
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return "BLOB SUB_TYPE 0"
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class FBCompiler(sql.compiler.SQLCompiler):
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"""Firebird specific idiosincrasies"""
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def visit_mod(self, binary, **kw):
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# Firebird lacks a builtin modulo operator, but there is
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# an equivalent function in the ib_udf library.
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return "mod(%s, %s)" % (self.process(binary.left), self.process(binary.right))
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def visit_alias(self, alias, asfrom=False, **kwargs):
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if self.dialect._version_two:
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return super(FBCompiler, self).visit_alias(alias, asfrom=asfrom, **kwargs)
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else:
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# Override to not use the AS keyword which FB 1.5 does not like
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if asfrom:
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alias_name = isinstance(alias.name, expression._generated_label) and \
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self._truncated_identifier("alias", alias.name) or alias.name
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return self.process(alias.original, asfrom=asfrom, **kwargs) + " " + \
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self.preparer.format_alias(alias, alias_name)
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else:
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return self.process(alias.original, **kwargs)
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def visit_substring_func(self, func, **kw):
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s = self.process(func.clauses.clauses[0])
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start = self.process(func.clauses.clauses[1])
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if len(func.clauses.clauses) > 2:
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length = self.process(func.clauses.clauses[2])
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return "SUBSTRING(%s FROM %s FOR %s)" % (s, start, length)
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else:
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return "SUBSTRING(%s FROM %s)" % (s, start)
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def visit_length_func(self, function, **kw):
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if self.dialect._version_two:
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return "char_length" + self.function_argspec(function)
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else:
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return "strlen" + self.function_argspec(function)
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visit_char_length_func = visit_length_func
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def function_argspec(self, func, **kw):
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if func.clauses is not None and len(func.clauses):
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return self.process(func.clause_expr)
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else:
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return ""
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def default_from(self):
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return " FROM rdb$database"
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def visit_sequence(self, seq):
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return "gen_id(%s, 1)" % self.preparer.format_sequence(seq)
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def get_select_precolumns(self, select):
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"""Called when building a ``SELECT`` statement, position is just
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before column list Firebird puts the limit and offset right
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after the ``SELECT``...
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"""
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result = ""
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if select._limit:
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result += "FIRST %d " % select._limit
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if select._offset:
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result +="SKIP %d " % select._offset
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if select._distinct:
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result += "DISTINCT "
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return result
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def limit_clause(self, select):
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"""Already taken care of in the `get_select_precolumns` method."""
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return ""
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def returning_clause(self, stmt, returning_cols):
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columns = [
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self.process(
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self.label_select_column(None, c, asfrom=False),
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within_columns_clause=True,
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result_map=self.result_map
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)
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for c in expression._select_iterables(returning_cols)
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]
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return 'RETURNING ' + ', '.join(columns)
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class FBDDLCompiler(sql.compiler.DDLCompiler):
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"""Firebird syntactic idiosincrasies"""
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def visit_create_sequence(self, create):
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"""Generate a ``CREATE GENERATOR`` statement for the sequence."""
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# no syntax for these
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# http://www.firebirdsql.org/manual/generatorguide-sqlsyntax.html
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if create.element.start is not None:
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raise NotImplemented("Firebird SEQUENCE doesn't support START WITH")
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if create.element.increment is not None:
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raise NotImplemented("Firebird SEQUENCE doesn't support INCREMENT BY")
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if self.dialect._version_two:
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return "CREATE SEQUENCE %s" % self.preparer.format_sequence(create.element)
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else:
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return "CREATE GENERATOR %s" % self.preparer.format_sequence(create.element)
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def visit_drop_sequence(self, drop):
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"""Generate a ``DROP GENERATOR`` statement for the sequence."""
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if self.dialect._version_two:
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return "DROP SEQUENCE %s" % self.preparer.format_sequence(drop.element)
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else:
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return "DROP GENERATOR %s" % self.preparer.format_sequence(drop.element)
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class FBIdentifierPreparer(sql.compiler.IdentifierPreparer):
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"""Install Firebird specific reserved words."""
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reserved_words = RESERVED_WORDS
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def __init__(self, dialect):
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super(FBIdentifierPreparer, self).__init__(dialect, omit_schema=True)
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class FBExecutionContext(default.DefaultExecutionContext):
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def fire_sequence(self, seq):
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"""Get the next value from the sequence using ``gen_id()``."""
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return self._execute_scalar("SELECT gen_id(%s, 1) FROM rdb$database" % \
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self.dialect.identifier_preparer.format_sequence(seq))
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class FBDialect(default.DefaultDialect):
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"""Firebird dialect"""
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name = 'firebird'
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max_identifier_length = 31
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supports_sequences = True
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sequences_optional = False
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supports_default_values = True
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postfetch_lastrowid = False
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supports_native_boolean = False
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requires_name_normalize = True
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supports_empty_insert = False
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statement_compiler = FBCompiler
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ddl_compiler = FBDDLCompiler
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preparer = FBIdentifierPreparer
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type_compiler = FBTypeCompiler
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execution_ctx_cls = FBExecutionContext
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colspecs = colspecs
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ischema_names = ischema_names
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# defaults to dialect ver. 3,
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# will be autodetected off upon
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# first connect
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_version_two = True
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def initialize(self, connection):
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super(FBDialect, self).initialize(connection)
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self._version_two = self.server_version_info > (2, )
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if not self._version_two:
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# TODO: whatever other pre < 2.0 stuff goes here
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self.ischema_names = ischema_names.copy()
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self.ischema_names['TIMESTAMP'] = sqltypes.DATE
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self.colspecs = {
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sqltypes.DateTime: sqltypes.DATE
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}
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else:
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self.implicit_returning = True
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def normalize_name(self, name):
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# Remove trailing spaces: FB uses a CHAR() type,
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# that is padded with spaces
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name = name and name.rstrip()
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if name is None:
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return None
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elif name.upper() == name and \
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not self.identifier_preparer._requires_quotes(name.lower()):
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return name.lower()
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else:
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return name
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def denormalize_name(self, name):
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if name is None:
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return None
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elif name.lower() == name and \
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not self.identifier_preparer._requires_quotes(name.lower()):
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return name.upper()
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else:
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return name
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def has_table(self, connection, table_name, schema=None):
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"""Return ``True`` if the given table exists, ignoring the `schema`."""
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tblqry = """
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SELECT 1 FROM rdb$database
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WHERE EXISTS (SELECT rdb$relation_name
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FROM rdb$relations
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WHERE rdb$relation_name=?)
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"""
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c = connection.execute(tblqry, [self.denormalize_name(table_name)])
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return c.first() is not None
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def has_sequence(self, connection, sequence_name, schema=None):
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"""Return ``True`` if the given sequence (generator) exists."""
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genqry = """
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SELECT 1 FROM rdb$database
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WHERE EXISTS (SELECT rdb$generator_name
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FROM rdb$generators
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WHERE rdb$generator_name=?)
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"""
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c = connection.execute(genqry, [self.denormalize_name(sequence_name)])
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return c.first() is not None
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@reflection.cache
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def get_table_names(self, connection, schema=None, **kw):
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s = """
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SELECT DISTINCT rdb$relation_name
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FROM rdb$relation_fields
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WHERE rdb$system_flag=0 AND rdb$view_context IS NULL
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"""
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return [self.normalize_name(row[0]) for row in connection.execute(s)]
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@reflection.cache
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def get_view_names(self, connection, schema=None, **kw):
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s = """
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SELECT distinct rdb$view_name
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FROM rdb$view_relations
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"""
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return [self.normalize_name(row[0]) for row in connection.execute(s)]
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@reflection.cache
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def get_view_definition(self, connection, view_name, schema=None, **kw):
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qry = """
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SELECT rdb$view_source AS view_source
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FROM rdb$relations
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WHERE rdb$relation_name=?
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"""
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rp = connection.execute(qry, [self.denormalize_name(view_name)])
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row = rp.first()
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if row:
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return row['view_source']
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else:
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return None
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@reflection.cache
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def get_primary_keys(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
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# Query to extract the PK/FK constrained fields of the given table
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keyqry = """
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SELECT se.rdb$field_name AS fname
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FROM rdb$relation_constraints rc
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JOIN rdb$index_segments se ON rc.rdb$index_name=se.rdb$index_name
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WHERE rc.rdb$constraint_type=? AND rc.rdb$relation_name=?
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"""
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tablename = self.denormalize_name(table_name)
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# get primary key fields
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c = connection.execute(keyqry, ["PRIMARY KEY", tablename])
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pkfields = [self.normalize_name(r['fname']) for r in c.fetchall()]
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return pkfields
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@reflection.cache
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def get_column_sequence(self, connection, table_name, column_name, schema=None, **kw):
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tablename = self.denormalize_name(table_name)
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colname = self.denormalize_name(column_name)
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# Heuristic-query to determine the generator associated to a PK field
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genqry = """
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SELECT trigdep.rdb$depended_on_name AS fgenerator
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FROM rdb$dependencies tabdep
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JOIN rdb$dependencies trigdep
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ON tabdep.rdb$dependent_name=trigdep.rdb$dependent_name
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AND trigdep.rdb$depended_on_type=14
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AND trigdep.rdb$dependent_type=2
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JOIN rdb$triggers trig ON trig.rdb$trigger_name=tabdep.rdb$dependent_name
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WHERE tabdep.rdb$depended_on_name=?
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AND tabdep.rdb$depended_on_type=0
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AND trig.rdb$trigger_type=1
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AND tabdep.rdb$field_name=?
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AND (SELECT count(*)
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FROM rdb$dependencies trigdep2
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WHERE trigdep2.rdb$dependent_name = trigdep.rdb$dependent_name) = 2
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"""
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genr = connection.execute(genqry, [tablename, colname]).first()
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if genr is not None:
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return dict(name=self.normalize_name(genr['fgenerator']))
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@reflection.cache
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def get_columns(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
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# Query to extract the details of all the fields of the given table
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tblqry = """
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SELECT DISTINCT r.rdb$field_name AS fname,
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r.rdb$null_flag AS null_flag,
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t.rdb$type_name AS ftype,
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f.rdb$field_sub_type AS stype,
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f.rdb$field_length/COALESCE(cs.rdb$bytes_per_character,1) AS flen,
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f.rdb$field_precision AS fprec,
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f.rdb$field_scale AS fscale,
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COALESCE(r.rdb$default_source, f.rdb$default_source) AS fdefault
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FROM rdb$relation_fields r
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JOIN rdb$fields f ON r.rdb$field_source=f.rdb$field_name
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JOIN rdb$types t
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ON t.rdb$type=f.rdb$field_type AND t.rdb$field_name='RDB$FIELD_TYPE'
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LEFT JOIN rdb$character_sets cs ON f.rdb$character_set_id=cs.rdb$character_set_id
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WHERE f.rdb$system_flag=0 AND r.rdb$relation_name=?
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ORDER BY r.rdb$field_position
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"""
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# get the PK, used to determine the eventual associated sequence
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pkey_cols = self.get_primary_keys(connection, table_name)
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tablename = self.denormalize_name(table_name)
|
|
# get all of the fields for this table
|
|
c = connection.execute(tblqry, [tablename])
|
|
cols = []
|
|
while True:
|
|
row = c.fetchone()
|
|
if row is None:
|
|
break
|
|
name = self.normalize_name(row['fname'])
|
|
orig_colname = row['fname']
|
|
|
|
# get the data type
|
|
colspec = row['ftype'].rstrip()
|
|
coltype = self.ischema_names.get(colspec)
|
|
if coltype is None:
|
|
util.warn("Did not recognize type '%s' of column '%s'" %
|
|
(colspec, name))
|
|
coltype = sqltypes.NULLTYPE
|
|
elif colspec == 'INT64':
|
|
coltype = coltype(precision=row['fprec'], scale=row['fscale'] * -1)
|
|
elif colspec in ('VARYING', 'CSTRING'):
|
|
coltype = coltype(row['flen'])
|
|
elif colspec == 'TEXT':
|
|
coltype = TEXT(row['flen'])
|
|
elif colspec == 'BLOB':
|
|
if row['stype'] == 1:
|
|
coltype = TEXT()
|
|
else:
|
|
coltype = BLOB()
|
|
else:
|
|
coltype = coltype(row)
|
|
|
|
# does it have a default value?
|
|
defvalue = None
|
|
if row['fdefault'] is not None:
|
|
# the value comes down as "DEFAULT 'value'": there may be
|
|
# more than one whitespace around the "DEFAULT" keyword
|
|
# (see also http://tracker.firebirdsql.org/browse/CORE-356)
|
|
defexpr = row['fdefault'].lstrip()
|
|
assert defexpr[:8].rstrip()=='DEFAULT', "Unrecognized default value: %s" % defexpr
|
|
defvalue = defexpr[8:].strip()
|
|
if defvalue == 'NULL':
|
|
# Redundant
|
|
defvalue = None
|
|
col_d = {
|
|
'name' : name,
|
|
'type' : coltype,
|
|
'nullable' : not bool(row['null_flag']),
|
|
'default' : defvalue
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if orig_colname.lower() == orig_colname:
|
|
col_d['quote'] = True
|
|
|
|
# if the PK is a single field, try to see if its linked to
|
|
# a sequence thru a trigger
|
|
if len(pkey_cols)==1 and name==pkey_cols[0]:
|
|
seq_d = self.get_column_sequence(connection, tablename, name)
|
|
if seq_d is not None:
|
|
col_d['sequence'] = seq_d
|
|
|
|
cols.append(col_d)
|
|
return cols
|
|
|
|
@reflection.cache
|
|
def get_foreign_keys(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
|
|
# Query to extract the details of each UK/FK of the given table
|
|
fkqry = """
|
|
SELECT rc.rdb$constraint_name AS cname,
|
|
cse.rdb$field_name AS fname,
|
|
ix2.rdb$relation_name AS targetrname,
|
|
se.rdb$field_name AS targetfname
|
|
FROM rdb$relation_constraints rc
|
|
JOIN rdb$indices ix1 ON ix1.rdb$index_name=rc.rdb$index_name
|
|
JOIN rdb$indices ix2 ON ix2.rdb$index_name=ix1.rdb$foreign_key
|
|
JOIN rdb$index_segments cse ON cse.rdb$index_name=ix1.rdb$index_name
|
|
JOIN rdb$index_segments se
|
|
ON se.rdb$index_name=ix2.rdb$index_name
|
|
AND se.rdb$field_position=cse.rdb$field_position
|
|
WHERE rc.rdb$constraint_type=? AND rc.rdb$relation_name=?
|
|
ORDER BY se.rdb$index_name, se.rdb$field_position
|
|
"""
|
|
tablename = self.denormalize_name(table_name)
|
|
|
|
c = connection.execute(fkqry, ["FOREIGN KEY", tablename])
|
|
fks = util.defaultdict(lambda:{
|
|
'name' : None,
|
|
'constrained_columns' : [],
|
|
'referred_schema' : None,
|
|
'referred_table' : None,
|
|
'referred_columns' : []
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
for row in c:
|
|
cname = self.normalize_name(row['cname'])
|
|
fk = fks[cname]
|
|
if not fk['name']:
|
|
fk['name'] = cname
|
|
fk['referred_table'] = self.normalize_name(row['targetrname'])
|
|
fk['constrained_columns'].append(self.normalize_name(row['fname']))
|
|
fk['referred_columns'].append(
|
|
self.normalize_name(row['targetfname']))
|
|
return fks.values()
|
|
|
|
@reflection.cache
|
|
def get_indexes(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
|
|
qry = """
|
|
SELECT ix.rdb$index_name AS index_name,
|
|
ix.rdb$unique_flag AS unique_flag,
|
|
ic.rdb$field_name AS field_name
|
|
FROM rdb$indices ix
|
|
JOIN rdb$index_segments ic
|
|
ON ix.rdb$index_name=ic.rdb$index_name
|
|
LEFT OUTER JOIN rdb$relation_constraints
|
|
ON rdb$relation_constraints.rdb$index_name = ic.rdb$index_name
|
|
WHERE ix.rdb$relation_name=? AND ix.rdb$foreign_key IS NULL
|
|
AND rdb$relation_constraints.rdb$constraint_type IS NULL
|
|
ORDER BY index_name, field_name
|
|
"""
|
|
c = connection.execute(qry, [self.denormalize_name(table_name)])
|
|
|
|
indexes = util.defaultdict(dict)
|
|
for row in c:
|
|
indexrec = indexes[row['index_name']]
|
|
if 'name' not in indexrec:
|
|
indexrec['name'] = self.normalize_name(row['index_name'])
|
|
indexrec['column_names'] = []
|
|
indexrec['unique'] = bool(row['unique_flag'])
|
|
|
|
indexrec['column_names'].append(self.normalize_name(row['field_name']))
|
|
|
|
return indexes.values()
|
|
|
|
def do_execute(self, cursor, statement, parameters, **kwargs):
|
|
# kinterbase does not accept a None, but wants an empty list
|
|
# when there are no arguments.
|
|
cursor.execute(statement, parameters or [])
|
|
|
|
def do_rollback(self, connection):
|
|
# Use the retaining feature, that keeps the transaction going
|
|
connection.rollback(True)
|
|
|
|
def do_commit(self, connection):
|
|
# Use the retaining feature, that keeps the transaction going
|
|
connection.commit(True)
|