# oracle/base.py # Copyright (C) 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Michael Bayer mike_mp@zzzcomputing.com # # This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under # the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php """Support for the Oracle database. Oracle version 8 through current (11g at the time of this writing) are supported. For information on connecting via specific drivers, see the documentation for that driver. Connect Arguments ----------------- The dialect supports several :func:`~sqlalchemy.create_engine()` arguments which affect the behavior of the dialect regardless of driver in use. * *use_ansi* - Use ANSI JOIN constructs (see the section on Oracle 8). Defaults to ``True``. If ``False``, Oracle-8 compatible constructs are used for joins. * *optimize_limits* - defaults to ``False``. see the section on LIMIT/OFFSET. Auto Increment Behavior ----------------------- SQLAlchemy Table objects which include integer primary keys are usually assumed to have "autoincrementing" behavior, meaning they can generate their own primary key values upon INSERT. Since Oracle has no "autoincrement" feature, SQLAlchemy relies upon sequences to produce these values. With the Oracle dialect, *a sequence must always be explicitly specified to enable autoincrement*. This is divergent with the majority of documentation examples which assume the usage of an autoincrement-capable database. To specify sequences, use the sqlalchemy.schema.Sequence object which is passed to a Column construct:: t = Table('mytable', metadata, Column('id', Integer, Sequence('id_seq'), primary_key=True), Column(...), ... ) This step is also required when using table reflection, i.e. autoload=True:: t = Table('mytable', metadata, Column('id', Integer, Sequence('id_seq'), primary_key=True), autoload=True ) Identifier Casing ----------------- In Oracle, the data dictionary represents all case insensitive identifier names using UPPERCASE text. SQLAlchemy on the other hand considers an all-lower case identifier name to be case insensitive. The Oracle dialect converts all case insensitive identifiers to and from those two formats during schema level communication, such as reflection of tables and indexes. Using an UPPERCASE name on the SQLAlchemy side indicates a case sensitive identifier, and SQLAlchemy will quote the name - this will cause mismatches against data dictionary data received from Oracle, so unless identifier names have been truly created as case sensitive (i.e. using quoted names), all lowercase names should be used on the SQLAlchemy side. Unicode ------- SQLAlchemy 0.6 uses the "native unicode" mode provided as of cx_oracle 5. cx_oracle 5.0.2 or greater is recommended for support of NCLOB. If not using cx_oracle 5, the NLS_LANG environment variable needs to be set in order for the oracle client library to use proper encoding, such as "AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8". Also note that Oracle supports unicode data through the NVARCHAR and NCLOB data types. When using the SQLAlchemy Unicode and UnicodeText types, these DDL types will be used within CREATE TABLE statements. Usage of VARCHAR2 and CLOB with unicode text still requires NLS_LANG to be set. LIMIT/OFFSET Support -------------------- Oracle has no support for the LIMIT or OFFSET keywords. Whereas previous versions of SQLAlchemy used the "ROW NUMBER OVER..." construct to simulate LIMIT/OFFSET, SQLAlchemy 0.5 now uses a wrapped subquery approach in conjunction with ROWNUM. The exact methodology is taken from http://www.oracle.com/technology/oramag/oracle/06-sep/o56asktom.html . Note that the "FIRST ROWS()" optimization keyword mentioned is not used by default, as the user community felt this was stepping into the bounds of optimization that is better left on the DBA side, but this prefix can be added by enabling the optimize_limits=True flag on create_engine(). ON UPDATE CASCADE ----------------- Oracle doesn't have native ON UPDATE CASCADE functionality. A trigger based solution is available at http://asktom.oracle.com/tkyte/update_cascade/index.html . When using the SQLAlchemy ORM, the ORM has limited ability to manually issue cascading updates - specify ForeignKey objects using the "deferrable=True, initially='deferred'" keyword arguments, and specify "passive_updates=False" on each relationship(). Oracle 8 Compatibility ---------------------- When using Oracle 8, a "use_ansi=False" flag is available which converts all JOIN phrases into the WHERE clause, and in the case of LEFT OUTER JOIN makes use of Oracle's (+) operator. Synonym/DBLINK Reflection ------------------------- When using reflection with Table objects, the dialect can optionally search for tables indicated by synonyms that reference DBLINK-ed tables by passing the flag oracle_resolve_synonyms=True as a keyword argument to the Table construct. If DBLINK is not in use this flag should be left off. """ import random, re from sqlalchemy import schema as sa_schema from sqlalchemy import util, sql, log from sqlalchemy.engine import default, base, reflection from sqlalchemy.sql import compiler, visitors, expression from sqlalchemy.sql import operators as sql_operators, functions as sql_functions from sqlalchemy import types as sqltypes from sqlalchemy.types import VARCHAR, NVARCHAR, CHAR, DATE, DATETIME, \ BLOB, CLOB, TIMESTAMP, FLOAT RESERVED_WORDS = set('SHARE RAW DROP BETWEEN FROM DESC OPTION PRIOR LONG THEN ' 'DEFAULT ALTER IS INTO MINUS INTEGER NUMBER GRANT IDENTIFIED ' 'ALL TO ORDER ON FLOAT DATE HAVING CLUSTER NOWAIT RESOURCE ANY ' 'TABLE INDEX FOR UPDATE WHERE CHECK SMALLINT WITH DELETE BY ASC ' 'REVOKE LIKE SIZE RENAME NOCOMPRESS NULL GROUP VALUES AS IN VIEW ' 'EXCLUSIVE COMPRESS SYNONYM SELECT INSERT EXISTS NOT TRIGGER ' 'ELSE CREATE INTERSECT PCTFREE DISTINCT USER CONNECT SET MODE ' 'OF UNIQUE VARCHAR2 VARCHAR LOCK OR CHAR DECIMAL UNION PUBLIC ' 'AND START UID COMMENT'.split()) class RAW(sqltypes.LargeBinary): pass OracleRaw = RAW class NCLOB(sqltypes.Text): __visit_name__ = 'NCLOB' VARCHAR2 = VARCHAR NVARCHAR2 = NVARCHAR class NUMBER(sqltypes.Numeric, sqltypes.Integer): __visit_name__ = 'NUMBER' def __init__(self, precision=None, scale=None, asdecimal=None): if asdecimal is None: asdecimal = bool(scale and scale > 0) super(NUMBER, self).__init__(precision=precision, scale=scale, asdecimal=asdecimal) @property def _type_affinity(self): if bool(self.scale and self.scale > 0): return sqltypes.Numeric else: return sqltypes.Integer class DOUBLE_PRECISION(sqltypes.Numeric): __visit_name__ = 'DOUBLE_PRECISION' def __init__(self, precision=None, scale=None, asdecimal=None): if asdecimal is None: asdecimal = False super(DOUBLE_PRECISION, self).__init__(precision=precision, scale=scale, asdecimal=asdecimal) class BFILE(sqltypes.LargeBinary): __visit_name__ = 'BFILE' class LONG(sqltypes.Text): __visit_name__ = 'LONG' class INTERVAL(sqltypes.TypeEngine): __visit_name__ = 'INTERVAL' def __init__(self, day_precision=None, second_precision=None): """Construct an INTERVAL. Note that only DAY TO SECOND intervals are currently supported. This is due to a lack of support for YEAR TO MONTH intervals within available DBAPIs (cx_oracle and zxjdbc). :param day_precision: the day precision value. this is the number of digits to store for the day field. Defaults to "2" :param second_precision: the second precision value. this is the number of digits to store for the fractional seconds field. Defaults to "6". """ self.day_precision = day_precision self.second_precision = second_precision @classmethod def _adapt_from_generic_interval(cls, interval): return INTERVAL(day_precision=interval.day_precision, second_precision=interval.second_precision) def adapt(self, impltype): return impltype(day_precision=self.day_precision, second_precision=self.second_precision) @property def _type_affinity(self): return sqltypes.Interval class _OracleBoolean(sqltypes.Boolean): def get_dbapi_type(self, dbapi): return dbapi.NUMBER colspecs = { sqltypes.Boolean : _OracleBoolean, sqltypes.Interval : INTERVAL, } ischema_names = { 'VARCHAR2' : VARCHAR, 'NVARCHAR2' : NVARCHAR, 'CHAR' : CHAR, 'DATE' : DATE, 'NUMBER' : NUMBER, 'BLOB' : BLOB, 'BFILE' : BFILE, 'CLOB' : CLOB, 'NCLOB' : NCLOB, 'TIMESTAMP' : TIMESTAMP, 'TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE' : TIMESTAMP, 'INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND' : INTERVAL, 'RAW' : RAW, 'FLOAT' : FLOAT, 'DOUBLE PRECISION' : DOUBLE_PRECISION, 'LONG' : LONG, } class OracleTypeCompiler(compiler.GenericTypeCompiler): # Note: # Oracle DATE == DATETIME # Oracle does not allow milliseconds in DATE # Oracle does not support TIME columns def visit_datetime(self, type_): return self.visit_DATE(type_) def visit_float(self, type_): return self.visit_FLOAT(type_) def visit_unicode(self, type_): return self.visit_NVARCHAR(type_) def visit_INTERVAL(self, type_): return "INTERVAL DAY%s TO SECOND%s" % ( type_.day_precision is not None and "(%d)" % type_.day_precision or "", type_.second_precision is not None and "(%d)" % type_.second_precision or "", ) def visit_TIMESTAMP(self, type_): if type_.timezone: return "TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE" else: return "TIMESTAMP" def visit_DOUBLE_PRECISION(self, type_): return self._generate_numeric(type_, "DOUBLE PRECISION") def visit_NUMBER(self, type_, **kw): return self._generate_numeric(type_, "NUMBER", **kw) def _generate_numeric(self, type_, name, precision=None, scale=None): if precision is None: precision = type_.precision if scale is None: scale = getattr(type_, 'scale', None) if precision is None: return name elif scale is None: return "%(name)s(%(precision)s)" % {'name':name,'precision': precision} else: return "%(name)s(%(precision)s, %(scale)s)" % {'name':name,'precision': precision, 'scale' : scale} def visit_VARCHAR(self, type_): if self.dialect.supports_char_length: return "VARCHAR(%(length)s CHAR)" % {'length' : type_.length} else: return "VARCHAR(%(length)s)" % {'length' : type_.length} def visit_NVARCHAR(self, type_): return "NVARCHAR2(%(length)s)" % {'length' : type_.length} def visit_text(self, type_): return self.visit_CLOB(type_) def visit_unicode_text(self, type_): return self.visit_NCLOB(type_) def visit_large_binary(self, type_): return self.visit_BLOB(type_) def visit_big_integer(self, type_): return self.visit_NUMBER(type_, precision=19) def visit_boolean(self, type_): return self.visit_SMALLINT(type_) def visit_RAW(self, type_): return "RAW(%(length)s)" % {'length' : type_.length} class OracleCompiler(compiler.SQLCompiler): """Oracle compiler modifies the lexical structure of Select statements to work under non-ANSI configured Oracle databases, if the use_ansi flag is False. """ compound_keywords = util.update_copy( compiler.SQLCompiler.compound_keywords, { expression.CompoundSelect.EXCEPT : 'MINUS' } ) def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(OracleCompiler, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.__wheres = {} self._quoted_bind_names = {} def visit_mod(self, binary, **kw): return "mod(%s, %s)" % (self.process(binary.left), self.process(binary.right)) def visit_now_func(self, fn, **kw): return "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP" def visit_char_length_func(self, fn, **kw): return "LENGTH" + self.function_argspec(fn, **kw) def visit_match_op(self, binary, **kw): return "CONTAINS (%s, %s)" % (self.process(binary.left), self.process(binary.right)) def get_select_hint_text(self, byfroms): return " ".join( "/*+ %s */" % text for table, text in byfroms.items() ) def function_argspec(self, fn, **kw): if len(fn.clauses) > 0: return compiler.SQLCompiler.function_argspec(self, fn, **kw) else: return "" def default_from(self): """Called when a ``SELECT`` statement has no froms, and no ``FROM`` clause is to be appended. The Oracle compiler tacks a "FROM DUAL" to the statement. """ return " FROM DUAL" def visit_join(self, join, **kwargs): if self.dialect.use_ansi: return compiler.SQLCompiler.visit_join(self, join, **kwargs) else: kwargs['asfrom'] = True return self.process(join.left, **kwargs) + \ ", " + self.process(join.right, **kwargs) def _get_nonansi_join_whereclause(self, froms): clauses = [] def visit_join(join): if join.isouter: def visit_binary(binary): if binary.operator == sql_operators.eq: if binary.left.table is join.right: binary.left = _OuterJoinColumn(binary.left) elif binary.right.table is join.right: binary.right = _OuterJoinColumn(binary.right) clauses.append(visitors.cloned_traverse(join.onclause, {}, {'binary':visit_binary})) else: clauses.append(join.onclause) for j in join.left, join.right: if isinstance(j, expression.Join): visit_join(j) for f in froms: if isinstance(f, expression.Join): visit_join(f) return sql.and_(*clauses) def visit_outer_join_column(self, vc): return self.process(vc.column) + "(+)" def visit_sequence(self, seq): return self.dialect.identifier_preparer.format_sequence(seq) + ".nextval" def visit_alias(self, alias, asfrom=False, ashint=False, **kwargs): """Oracle doesn't like ``FROM table AS alias``. Is the AS standard SQL??""" if asfrom or ashint: alias_name = isinstance(alias.name, expression._generated_label) and \ self._truncated_identifier("alias", alias.name) or alias.name if ashint: return alias_name elif asfrom: return self.process(alias.original, asfrom=asfrom, **kwargs) + \ " " + self.preparer.format_alias(alias, alias_name) else: return self.process(alias.original, **kwargs) def returning_clause(self, stmt, returning_cols): def create_out_param(col, i): bindparam = sql.outparam("ret_%d" % i, type_=col.type) self.binds[bindparam.key] = bindparam return self.bindparam_string(self._truncate_bindparam(bindparam)) columnlist = list(expression._select_iterables(returning_cols)) # within_columns_clause =False so that labels (foo AS bar) don't render columns = [self.process(c, within_columns_clause=False, result_map=self.result_map) for c in columnlist] binds = [create_out_param(c, i) for i, c in enumerate(columnlist)] return 'RETURNING ' + ', '.join(columns) + " INTO " + ", ".join(binds) def _TODO_visit_compound_select(self, select): """Need to determine how to get ``LIMIT``/``OFFSET`` into a ``UNION`` for Oracle.""" pass def visit_select(self, select, **kwargs): """Look for ``LIMIT`` and OFFSET in a select statement, and if so tries to wrap it in a subquery with ``rownum`` criterion. """ if not getattr(select, '_oracle_visit', None): if not self.dialect.use_ansi: if self.stack and 'from' in self.stack[-1]: existingfroms = self.stack[-1]['from'] else: existingfroms = None froms = select._get_display_froms(existingfroms) whereclause = self._get_nonansi_join_whereclause(froms) if whereclause is not None: select = select.where(whereclause) select._oracle_visit = True if select._limit is not None or select._offset is not None: # See http://www.oracle.com/technology/oramag/oracle/06-sep/o56asktom.html # # Generalized form of an Oracle pagination query: # select ... from ( # select /*+ FIRST_ROWS(N) */ ...., rownum as ora_rn from ( # select distinct ... where ... order by ... # ) where ROWNUM <= :limit+:offset # ) where ora_rn > :offset # Outer select and "ROWNUM as ora_rn" can be dropped if limit=0 # TODO: use annotations instead of clone + attr set ? select = select._generate() select._oracle_visit = True # Wrap the middle select and add the hint limitselect = sql.select([c for c in select.c]) if select._limit and self.dialect.optimize_limits: limitselect = limitselect.prefix_with("/*+ FIRST_ROWS(%d) */" % select._limit) limitselect._oracle_visit = True limitselect._is_wrapper = True # If needed, add the limiting clause if select._limit is not None: max_row = select._limit if select._offset is not None: max_row += select._offset limitselect.append_whereclause( sql.literal_column("ROWNUM")<=max_row) # If needed, add the ora_rn, and wrap again with offset. if select._offset is None: select = limitselect else: limitselect = limitselect.column( sql.literal_column("ROWNUM").label("ora_rn")) limitselect._oracle_visit = True limitselect._is_wrapper = True offsetselect = sql.select( [c for c in limitselect.c if c.key!='ora_rn']) offsetselect._oracle_visit = True offsetselect._is_wrapper = True offsetselect.append_whereclause( sql.literal_column("ora_rn")>select._offset) select = offsetselect kwargs['iswrapper'] = getattr(select, '_is_wrapper', False) return compiler.SQLCompiler.visit_select(self, select, **kwargs) def limit_clause(self, select): return "" def for_update_clause(self, select): if select.for_update == "nowait": return " FOR UPDATE NOWAIT" else: return super(OracleCompiler, self).for_update_clause(select) class OracleDDLCompiler(compiler.DDLCompiler): def define_constraint_cascades(self, constraint): text = "" if constraint.ondelete is not None: text += " ON DELETE %s" % constraint.ondelete # oracle has no ON UPDATE CASCADE - # its only available via triggers http://asktom.oracle.com/tkyte/update_cascade/index.html if constraint.onupdate is not None: util.warn( "Oracle does not contain native UPDATE CASCADE " "functionality - onupdates will not be rendered for foreign keys. " "Consider using deferrable=True, initially='deferred' or triggers.") return text class OracleIdentifierPreparer(compiler.IdentifierPreparer): reserved_words = set([x.lower() for x in RESERVED_WORDS]) illegal_initial_characters = set(xrange(0, 10)).union(["_", "$"]) def _bindparam_requires_quotes(self, value): """Return True if the given identifier requires quoting.""" lc_value = value.lower() return (lc_value in self.reserved_words or value[0] in self.illegal_initial_characters or not self.legal_characters.match(unicode(value)) ) def format_savepoint(self, savepoint): name = re.sub(r'^_+', '', savepoint.ident) return super(OracleIdentifierPreparer, self).format_savepoint(savepoint, name) class OracleExecutionContext(default.DefaultExecutionContext): def fire_sequence(self, seq): return self._execute_scalar("SELECT " + self.dialect.identifier_preparer.format_sequence(seq) + ".nextval FROM DUAL") class OracleDialect(default.DefaultDialect): name = 'oracle' supports_alter = True supports_unicode_statements = False supports_unicode_binds = False max_identifier_length = 30 supports_sane_rowcount = True supports_sane_multi_rowcount = False supports_sequences = True sequences_optional = False postfetch_lastrowid = False default_paramstyle = 'named' colspecs = colspecs ischema_names = ischema_names requires_name_normalize = True supports_default_values = False supports_empty_insert = False statement_compiler = OracleCompiler ddl_compiler = OracleDDLCompiler type_compiler = OracleTypeCompiler preparer = OracleIdentifierPreparer execution_ctx_cls = OracleExecutionContext reflection_options = ('oracle_resolve_synonyms', ) supports_char_length = True def __init__(self, use_ansi=True, optimize_limits=False, **kwargs): default.DefaultDialect.__init__(self, **kwargs) self.use_ansi = use_ansi self.optimize_limits = optimize_limits def initialize(self, connection): super(OracleDialect, self).initialize(connection) self.implicit_returning = self.server_version_info > (10, ) and \ self.__dict__.get('implicit_returning', True) self.supports_char_length = self.server_version_info >= (9, ) if self.server_version_info < (9,): self.colspecs = self.colspecs.copy() self.colspecs.pop(sqltypes.Interval) def do_release_savepoint(self, connection, name): # Oracle does not support RELEASE SAVEPOINT pass def has_table(self, connection, table_name, schema=None): if not schema: schema = self.default_schema_name cursor = connection.execute( sql.text("SELECT table_name FROM all_tables " "WHERE table_name = :name AND owner = :schema_name"), name=self.denormalize_name(table_name), schema_name=self.denormalize_name(schema)) return cursor.first() is not None def has_sequence(self, connection, sequence_name, schema=None): if not schema: schema = self.default_schema_name cursor = connection.execute( sql.text("SELECT sequence_name FROM all_sequences " "WHERE sequence_name = :name AND sequence_owner = :schema_name"), name=self.denormalize_name(sequence_name), schema_name=self.denormalize_name(schema)) return cursor.first() is not None def normalize_name(self, name): if name is None: return None # Py2K if isinstance(name, str): name = name.decode(self.encoding) # end Py2K if name.upper() == name and \ not self.identifier_preparer._requires_quotes(name.lower()): return name.lower() else: return name def denormalize_name(self, name): if name is None: return None elif name.lower() == name and not self.identifier_preparer._requires_quotes(name.lower()): name = name.upper() # Py2K if not self.supports_unicode_binds: name = name.encode(self.encoding) else: name = unicode(name) # end Py2K return name def _get_default_schema_name(self, connection): return self.normalize_name(connection.execute(u'SELECT USER FROM DUAL').scalar()) def _resolve_synonym(self, connection, desired_owner=None, desired_synonym=None, desired_table=None): """search for a local synonym matching the given desired owner/name. if desired_owner is None, attempts to locate a distinct owner. returns the actual name, owner, dblink name, and synonym name if found. """ q = "SELECT owner, table_owner, table_name, db_link, synonym_name FROM all_synonyms WHERE " clauses = [] params = {} if desired_synonym: clauses.append("synonym_name = :synonym_name") params['synonym_name'] = desired_synonym if desired_owner: clauses.append("table_owner = :desired_owner") params['desired_owner'] = desired_owner if desired_table: clauses.append("table_name = :tname") params['tname'] = desired_table q += " AND ".join(clauses) result = connection.execute(sql.text(q), **params) if desired_owner: row = result.first() if row: return row['table_name'], row['table_owner'], row['db_link'], row['synonym_name'] else: return None, None, None, None else: rows = result.fetchall() if len(rows) > 1: raise AssertionError("There are multiple tables visible to the schema, you must specify owner") elif len(rows) == 1: row = rows[0] return row['table_name'], row['table_owner'], row['db_link'], row['synonym_name'] else: return None, None, None, None @reflection.cache def _prepare_reflection_args(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, resolve_synonyms=False, dblink='', **kw): if resolve_synonyms: actual_name, owner, dblink, synonym = self._resolve_synonym( connection, desired_owner=self.denormalize_name(schema), desired_synonym=self.denormalize_name(table_name) ) else: actual_name, owner, dblink, synonym = None, None, None, None if not actual_name: actual_name = self.denormalize_name(table_name) if not dblink: dblink = '' if not owner: owner = self.denormalize_name(schema or self.default_schema_name) return (actual_name, owner, dblink, synonym) @reflection.cache def get_schema_names(self, connection, **kw): s = "SELECT username FROM all_users ORDER BY username" cursor = connection.execute(s,) return [self.normalize_name(row[0]) for row in cursor] @reflection.cache def get_table_names(self, connection, schema=None, **kw): schema = self.denormalize_name(schema or self.default_schema_name) # note that table_names() isnt loading DBLINKed or synonym'ed tables if schema is None: schema = self.default_schema_name s = sql.text( "SELECT table_name FROM all_tables " "WHERE nvl(tablespace_name, 'no tablespace') NOT IN ('SYSTEM', 'SYSAUX') " "AND OWNER = :owner " "AND IOT_NAME IS NULL") cursor = connection.execute(s, owner=schema) return [self.normalize_name(row[0]) for row in cursor] @reflection.cache def get_view_names(self, connection, schema=None, **kw): schema = self.denormalize_name(schema or self.default_schema_name) s = sql.text("SELECT view_name FROM all_views WHERE owner = :owner") cursor = connection.execute(s, owner=self.denormalize_name(schema)) return [self.normalize_name(row[0]) for row in cursor] @reflection.cache def get_columns(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw): """ kw arguments can be: oracle_resolve_synonyms dblink """ resolve_synonyms = kw.get('oracle_resolve_synonyms', False) dblink = kw.get('dblink', '') info_cache = kw.get('info_cache') (table_name, schema, dblink, synonym) = \ self._prepare_reflection_args(connection, table_name, schema, resolve_synonyms, dblink, info_cache=info_cache) columns = [] if self.supports_char_length: char_length_col = 'char_length' else: char_length_col = 'data_length' c = connection.execute(sql.text( "SELECT column_name, data_type, %(char_length_col)s, data_precision, data_scale, " "nullable, data_default FROM ALL_TAB_COLUMNS%(dblink)s " "WHERE table_name = :table_name AND owner = :owner " "ORDER BY column_id" % {'dblink': dblink, 'char_length_col':char_length_col}), table_name=table_name, owner=schema) for row in c: (colname, orig_colname, coltype, length, precision, scale, nullable, default) = \ (self.normalize_name(row[0]), row[0], row[1], row[2], row[3], row[4], row[5]=='Y', row[6]) if coltype == 'NUMBER' : coltype = NUMBER(precision, scale) elif coltype in ('VARCHAR2', 'NVARCHAR2', 'CHAR'): coltype = self.ischema_names.get(coltype)(length) elif 'WITH TIME ZONE' in coltype: coltype = TIMESTAMP(timezone=True) else: coltype = re.sub(r'\(\d+\)', '', coltype) try: coltype = self.ischema_names[coltype] except KeyError: util.warn("Did not recognize type '%s' of column '%s'" % (coltype, colname)) coltype = sqltypes.NULLTYPE cdict = { 'name': colname, 'type': coltype, 'nullable': nullable, 'default': default, } if orig_colname.lower() == orig_colname: cdict['quote'] = True columns.append(cdict) return columns @reflection.cache def get_indexes(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, resolve_synonyms=False, dblink='', **kw): info_cache = kw.get('info_cache') (table_name, schema, dblink, synonym) = \ self._prepare_reflection_args(connection, table_name, schema, resolve_synonyms, dblink, info_cache=info_cache) indexes = [] q = sql.text(""" SELECT a.index_name, a.column_name, b.uniqueness FROM ALL_IND_COLUMNS%(dblink)s a, ALL_INDEXES%(dblink)s b WHERE a.index_name = b.index_name AND a.table_owner = b.table_owner AND a.table_name = b.table_name AND a.table_name = :table_name AND a.table_owner = :schema ORDER BY a.index_name, a.column_position""" % {'dblink': dblink}) rp = connection.execute(q, table_name=self.denormalize_name(table_name), schema=self.denormalize_name(schema)) indexes = [] last_index_name = None pkeys = self.get_primary_keys(connection, table_name, schema, resolve_synonyms=resolve_synonyms, dblink=dblink, info_cache=kw.get('info_cache')) uniqueness = dict(NONUNIQUE=False, UNIQUE=True) oracle_sys_col = re.compile(r'SYS_NC\d+\$', re.IGNORECASE) for rset in rp: # don't include the primary key columns if rset.column_name in [s.upper() for s in pkeys]: continue if rset.index_name != last_index_name: index = dict(name=self.normalize_name(rset.index_name), column_names=[]) indexes.append(index) index['unique'] = uniqueness.get(rset.uniqueness, False) # filter out Oracle SYS_NC names. could also do an outer join # to the all_tab_columns table and check for real col names there. if not oracle_sys_col.match(rset.column_name): index['column_names'].append(self.normalize_name(rset.column_name)) last_index_name = rset.index_name return indexes @reflection.cache def _get_constraint_data(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, dblink='', **kw): rp = connection.execute( sql.text("""SELECT ac.constraint_name, ac.constraint_type, loc.column_name AS local_column, rem.table_name AS remote_table, rem.column_name AS remote_column, rem.owner AS remote_owner, loc.position as loc_pos, rem.position as rem_pos FROM all_constraints%(dblink)s ac, all_cons_columns%(dblink)s loc, all_cons_columns%(dblink)s rem WHERE ac.table_name = :table_name AND ac.constraint_type IN ('R','P') AND ac.owner = :owner AND ac.owner = loc.owner AND ac.constraint_name = loc.constraint_name AND ac.r_owner = rem.owner(+) AND ac.r_constraint_name = rem.constraint_name(+) AND (rem.position IS NULL or loc.position=rem.position) ORDER BY ac.constraint_name, loc.position""" % {'dblink': dblink}), table_name=table_name, owner=schema) constraint_data = rp.fetchall() return constraint_data @reflection.cache def get_primary_keys(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw): """ kw arguments can be: oracle_resolve_synonyms dblink """ resolve_synonyms = kw.get('oracle_resolve_synonyms', False) dblink = kw.get('dblink', '') info_cache = kw.get('info_cache') (table_name, schema, dblink, synonym) = \ self._prepare_reflection_args(connection, table_name, schema, resolve_synonyms, dblink, info_cache=info_cache) pkeys = [] constraint_data = self._get_constraint_data(connection, table_name, schema, dblink, info_cache=kw.get('info_cache')) for row in constraint_data: #print "ROW:" , row (cons_name, cons_type, local_column, remote_table, remote_column, remote_owner) = \ row[0:2] + tuple([self.normalize_name(x) for x in row[2:6]]) if cons_type == 'P': pkeys.append(local_column) return pkeys @reflection.cache def get_foreign_keys(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw): """ kw arguments can be: oracle_resolve_synonyms dblink """ requested_schema = schema # to check later on resolve_synonyms = kw.get('oracle_resolve_synonyms', False) dblink = kw.get('dblink', '') info_cache = kw.get('info_cache') (table_name, schema, dblink, synonym) = \ self._prepare_reflection_args(connection, table_name, schema, resolve_synonyms, dblink, info_cache=info_cache) constraint_data = self._get_constraint_data(connection, table_name, schema, dblink, info_cache=kw.get('info_cache')) def fkey_rec(): return { 'name' : None, 'constrained_columns' : [], 'referred_schema' : None, 'referred_table' : None, 'referred_columns' : [] } fkeys = util.defaultdict(fkey_rec) for row in constraint_data: (cons_name, cons_type, local_column, remote_table, remote_column, remote_owner) = \ row[0:2] + tuple([self.normalize_name(x) for x in row[2:6]]) if cons_type == 'R': if remote_table is None: # ticket 363 util.warn( ("Got 'None' querying 'table_name' from " "all_cons_columns%(dblink)s - does the user have " "proper rights to the table?") % {'dblink':dblink}) continue rec = fkeys[cons_name] rec['name'] = cons_name local_cols, remote_cols = rec['constrained_columns'], rec['referred_columns'] if not rec['referred_table']: if resolve_synonyms: ref_remote_name, ref_remote_owner, ref_dblink, ref_synonym = \ self._resolve_synonym( connection, desired_owner=self.denormalize_name(remote_owner), desired_table=self.denormalize_name(remote_table) ) if ref_synonym: remote_table = self.normalize_name(ref_synonym) remote_owner = self.normalize_name(ref_remote_owner) rec['referred_table'] = remote_table if requested_schema is not None or self.denormalize_name(remote_owner) != schema: rec['referred_schema'] = remote_owner local_cols.append(local_column) remote_cols.append(remote_column) return fkeys.values() @reflection.cache def get_view_definition(self, connection, view_name, schema=None, resolve_synonyms=False, dblink='', **kw): info_cache = kw.get('info_cache') (view_name, schema, dblink, synonym) = \ self._prepare_reflection_args(connection, view_name, schema, resolve_synonyms, dblink, info_cache=info_cache) s = sql.text(""" SELECT text FROM all_views WHERE owner = :schema AND view_name = :view_name """) rp = connection.execute(s, view_name=view_name, schema=schema).scalar() if rp: return rp.decode(self.encoding) else: return None class _OuterJoinColumn(sql.ClauseElement): __visit_name__ = 'outer_join_column' def __init__(self, column): self.column = column