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from sqlalchemy.dialects.mssql import base, pyodbc, adodbapi, pymssql, zxjdbc, mxodbc
base.dialect = pyodbc.dialect
from sqlalchemy.dialects.mssql.base import \
INTEGER, BIGINT, SMALLINT, TINYINT, VARCHAR, NVARCHAR, CHAR, \
NCHAR, TEXT, NTEXT, DECIMAL, NUMERIC, FLOAT, DATETIME,\
DATETIME2, DATETIMEOFFSET, DATE, TIME, SMALLDATETIME, \
BINARY, VARBINARY, BIT, REAL, IMAGE, TIMESTAMP,\
MONEY, SMALLMONEY, UNIQUEIDENTIFIER, SQL_VARIANT, dialect
__all__ = (
'INTEGER', 'BIGINT', 'SMALLINT', 'TINYINT', 'VARCHAR', 'NVARCHAR', 'CHAR',
'NCHAR', 'TEXT', 'NTEXT', 'DECIMAL', 'NUMERIC', 'FLOAT', 'DATETIME',
'DATETIME2', 'DATETIMEOFFSET', 'DATE', 'TIME', 'SMALLDATETIME',
'BINARY', 'VARBINARY', 'BIT', 'REAL', 'IMAGE', 'TIMESTAMP',
'MONEY', 'SMALLMONEY', 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER', 'SQL_VARIANT', 'dialect'
)

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"""
The adodbapi dialect is not implemented for 0.6 at this time.
"""
from sqlalchemy import types as sqltypes, util
from sqlalchemy.dialects.mssql.base import MSDateTime, MSDialect
import sys
class MSDateTime_adodbapi(MSDateTime):
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
def process(value):
# adodbapi will return datetimes with empty time values as datetime.date() objects.
# Promote them back to full datetime.datetime()
if type(value) is datetime.date:
return datetime.datetime(value.year, value.month, value.day)
return value
return process
class MSDialect_adodbapi(MSDialect):
supports_sane_rowcount = True
supports_sane_multi_rowcount = True
supports_unicode = sys.maxunicode == 65535
supports_unicode_statements = True
driver = 'adodbapi'
@classmethod
def import_dbapi(cls):
import adodbapi as module
return module
colspecs = util.update_copy(
MSDialect.colspecs,
{
sqltypes.DateTime:MSDateTime_adodbapi
}
)
def create_connect_args(self, url):
keys = url.query
connectors = ["Provider=SQLOLEDB"]
if 'port' in keys:
connectors.append ("Data Source=%s, %s" % (keys.get("host"), keys.get("port")))
else:
connectors.append ("Data Source=%s" % keys.get("host"))
connectors.append ("Initial Catalog=%s" % keys.get("database"))
user = keys.get("user")
if user:
connectors.append("User Id=%s" % user)
connectors.append("Password=%s" % keys.get("password", ""))
else:
connectors.append("Integrated Security=SSPI")
return [[";".join (connectors)], {}]
def is_disconnect(self, e):
return isinstance(e, self.dbapi.adodbapi.DatabaseError) and "'connection failure'" in str(e)
dialect = MSDialect_adodbapi

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from sqlalchemy import Table, MetaData, Column, ForeignKey
from sqlalchemy.types import String, Unicode, Integer, TypeDecorator
ischema = MetaData()
class CoerceUnicode(TypeDecorator):
impl = Unicode
def process_bind_param(self, value, dialect):
if isinstance(value, str):
value = value.decode(dialect.encoding)
return value
schemata = Table("SCHEMATA", ischema,
Column("CATALOG_NAME", CoerceUnicode, key="catalog_name"),
Column("SCHEMA_NAME", CoerceUnicode, key="schema_name"),
Column("SCHEMA_OWNER", CoerceUnicode, key="schema_owner"),
schema="INFORMATION_SCHEMA")
tables = Table("TABLES", ischema,
Column("TABLE_CATALOG", CoerceUnicode, key="table_catalog"),
Column("TABLE_SCHEMA", CoerceUnicode, key="table_schema"),
Column("TABLE_NAME", CoerceUnicode, key="table_name"),
Column("TABLE_TYPE", String(convert_unicode=True), key="table_type"),
schema="INFORMATION_SCHEMA")
columns = Table("COLUMNS", ischema,
Column("TABLE_SCHEMA", CoerceUnicode, key="table_schema"),
Column("TABLE_NAME", CoerceUnicode, key="table_name"),
Column("COLUMN_NAME", CoerceUnicode, key="column_name"),
Column("IS_NULLABLE", Integer, key="is_nullable"),
Column("DATA_TYPE", String, key="data_type"),
Column("ORDINAL_POSITION", Integer, key="ordinal_position"),
Column("CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH", Integer, key="character_maximum_length"),
Column("NUMERIC_PRECISION", Integer, key="numeric_precision"),
Column("NUMERIC_SCALE", Integer, key="numeric_scale"),
Column("COLUMN_DEFAULT", Integer, key="column_default"),
Column("COLLATION_NAME", String, key="collation_name"),
schema="INFORMATION_SCHEMA")
constraints = Table("TABLE_CONSTRAINTS", ischema,
Column("TABLE_SCHEMA", CoerceUnicode, key="table_schema"),
Column("TABLE_NAME", CoerceUnicode, key="table_name"),
Column("CONSTRAINT_NAME", CoerceUnicode, key="constraint_name"),
Column("CONSTRAINT_TYPE", String(convert_unicode=True), key="constraint_type"),
schema="INFORMATION_SCHEMA")
column_constraints = Table("CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE", ischema,
Column("TABLE_SCHEMA", CoerceUnicode, key="table_schema"),
Column("TABLE_NAME", CoerceUnicode, key="table_name"),
Column("COLUMN_NAME", CoerceUnicode, key="column_name"),
Column("CONSTRAINT_NAME", CoerceUnicode, key="constraint_name"),
schema="INFORMATION_SCHEMA")
key_constraints = Table("KEY_COLUMN_USAGE", ischema,
Column("TABLE_SCHEMA", CoerceUnicode, key="table_schema"),
Column("TABLE_NAME", CoerceUnicode, key="table_name"),
Column("COLUMN_NAME", CoerceUnicode, key="column_name"),
Column("CONSTRAINT_NAME", CoerceUnicode, key="constraint_name"),
Column("ORDINAL_POSITION", Integer, key="ordinal_position"),
schema="INFORMATION_SCHEMA")
ref_constraints = Table("REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS", ischema,
Column("CONSTRAINT_CATALOG", CoerceUnicode, key="constraint_catalog"),
Column("CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA", CoerceUnicode, key="constraint_schema"),
Column("CONSTRAINT_NAME", CoerceUnicode, key="constraint_name"),
Column("UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_CATLOG", CoerceUnicode, key="unique_constraint_catalog"), # TODO: is CATLOG misspelled ?
Column("UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA", CoerceUnicode, key="unique_constraint_schema"),
Column("UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME", CoerceUnicode, key="unique_constraint_name"),
Column("MATCH_OPTION", String, key="match_option"),
Column("UPDATE_RULE", String, key="update_rule"),
Column("DELETE_RULE", String, key="delete_rule"),
schema="INFORMATION_SCHEMA")
views = Table("VIEWS", ischema,
Column("TABLE_CATALOG", CoerceUnicode, key="table_catalog"),
Column("TABLE_SCHEMA", CoerceUnicode, key="table_schema"),
Column("TABLE_NAME", CoerceUnicode, key="table_name"),
Column("VIEW_DEFINITION", CoerceUnicode, key="view_definition"),
Column("CHECK_OPTION", String, key="check_option"),
Column("IS_UPDATABLE", String, key="is_updatable"),
schema="INFORMATION_SCHEMA")

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"""
Support for MS-SQL via mxODBC.
mxODBC is available at:
http://www.egenix.com/
This was tested with mxODBC 3.1.2 and the SQL Server Native
Client connected to MSSQL 2005 and 2008 Express Editions.
Connecting
~~~~~~~~~~
Connection is via DSN::
mssql+mxodbc://<username>:<password>@<dsnname>
Execution Modes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
mxODBC features two styles of statement execution, using the ``cursor.execute()``
and ``cursor.executedirect()`` methods (the second being an extension to the
DBAPI specification). The former makes use of the native
parameter binding services of the ODBC driver, while the latter uses string escaping.
The primary advantage to native parameter binding is that the same statement, when
executed many times, is only prepared once. Whereas the primary advantage to the
latter is that the rules for bind parameter placement are relaxed. MS-SQL has very
strict rules for native binds, including that they cannot be placed within the argument
lists of function calls, anywhere outside the FROM, or even within subqueries within the
FROM clause - making the usage of bind parameters within SELECT statements impossible for
all but the most simplistic statements. For this reason, the mxODBC dialect uses the
"native" mode by default only for INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements, and uses the
escaped string mode for all other statements. This behavior can be controlled completely
via :meth:`~sqlalchemy.sql.expression.Executable.execution_options`
using the ``native_odbc_execute`` flag with a value of ``True`` or ``False``, where a value of
``True`` will unconditionally use native bind parameters and a value of ``False`` will
uncondtionally use string-escaped parameters.
"""
import re
import sys
from sqlalchemy import types as sqltypes
from sqlalchemy import util
from sqlalchemy.connectors.mxodbc import MxODBCConnector
from sqlalchemy.dialects.mssql.pyodbc import MSExecutionContext_pyodbc
from sqlalchemy.dialects.mssql.base import (MSExecutionContext, MSDialect,
MSSQLCompiler, MSSQLStrictCompiler,
_MSDateTime, _MSDate, TIME)
class MSExecutionContext_mxodbc(MSExecutionContext_pyodbc):
"""
The pyodbc execution context is useful for enabling
SELECT SCOPE_IDENTITY in cases where OUTPUT clause
does not work (tables with insert triggers).
"""
#todo - investigate whether the pyodbc execution context
# is really only being used in cases where OUTPUT
# won't work.
class MSDialect_mxodbc(MxODBCConnector, MSDialect):
# TODO: may want to use this only if FreeTDS is not in use,
# since FreeTDS doesn't seem to use native binds.
statement_compiler = MSSQLStrictCompiler
execution_ctx_cls = MSExecutionContext_mxodbc
colspecs = {
#sqltypes.Numeric : _MSNumeric,
sqltypes.DateTime : _MSDateTime,
sqltypes.Date : _MSDate,
sqltypes.Time : TIME,
}
def __init__(self, description_encoding='latin-1', **params):
super(MSDialect_mxodbc, self).__init__(**params)
self.description_encoding = description_encoding
dialect = MSDialect_mxodbc

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"""
Support for the pymssql dialect.
This dialect supports pymssql 1.0 and greater.
pymssql is available at:
http://pymssql.sourceforge.net/
Connecting
^^^^^^^^^^
Sample connect string::
mssql+pymssql://<username>:<password>@<freetds_name>
Adding "?charset=utf8" or similar will cause pymssql to return
strings as Python unicode objects. This can potentially improve
performance in some scenarios as decoding of strings is
handled natively.
Limitations
^^^^^^^^^^^
pymssql inherits a lot of limitations from FreeTDS, including:
* no support for multibyte schema identifiers
* poor support for large decimals
* poor support for binary fields
* poor support for VARCHAR/CHAR fields over 255 characters
Please consult the pymssql documentation for further information.
"""
from sqlalchemy.dialects.mssql.base import MSDialect
from sqlalchemy import types as sqltypes, util, processors
import re
import decimal
class _MSNumeric_pymssql(sqltypes.Numeric):
def result_processor(self, dialect, type_):
if not self.asdecimal:
return processors.to_float
else:
return sqltypes.Numeric.result_processor(self, dialect, type_)
class MSDialect_pymssql(MSDialect):
supports_sane_rowcount = False
max_identifier_length = 30
driver = 'pymssql'
colspecs = util.update_copy(
MSDialect.colspecs,
{
sqltypes.Numeric:_MSNumeric_pymssql,
sqltypes.Float:sqltypes.Float,
}
)
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
module = __import__('pymssql')
# pymmsql doesn't have a Binary method. we use string
# TODO: monkeypatching here is less than ideal
module.Binary = str
client_ver = tuple(int(x) for x in module.__version__.split("."))
if client_ver < (1, ):
util.warn("The pymssql dialect expects at least "
"the 1.0 series of the pymssql DBAPI.")
return module
def __init__(self, **params):
super(MSDialect_pymssql, self).__init__(**params)
self.use_scope_identity = True
def _get_server_version_info(self, connection):
vers = connection.scalar("select @@version")
m = re.match(r"Microsoft SQL Server.*? - (\d+).(\d+).(\d+).(\d+)", vers)
if m:
return tuple(int(x) for x in m.group(1, 2, 3, 4))
else:
return None
def create_connect_args(self, url):
opts = url.translate_connect_args(username='user')
opts.update(url.query)
opts.pop('port', None)
return [[], opts]
def is_disconnect(self, e):
for msg in (
"Error 10054",
"Not connected to any MS SQL server",
"Connection is closed"
):
if msg in str(e):
return True
else:
return False
dialect = MSDialect_pymssql

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"""
Support for MS-SQL via pyodbc.
pyodbc is available at:
http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyodbc/
Connecting
^^^^^^^^^^
Examples of pyodbc connection string URLs:
* ``mssql+pyodbc://mydsn`` - connects using the specified DSN named ``mydsn``.
The connection string that is created will appear like::
dsn=mydsn;Trusted_Connection=Yes
* ``mssql+pyodbc://user:pass@mydsn`` - connects using the DSN named
``mydsn`` passing in the ``UID`` and ``PWD`` information. The
connection string that is created will appear like::
dsn=mydsn;UID=user;PWD=pass
* ``mssql+pyodbc://user:pass@mydsn/?LANGUAGE=us_english`` - connects
using the DSN named ``mydsn`` passing in the ``UID`` and ``PWD``
information, plus the additional connection configuration option
``LANGUAGE``. The connection string that is created will appear
like::
dsn=mydsn;UID=user;PWD=pass;LANGUAGE=us_english
* ``mssql+pyodbc://user:pass@host/db`` - connects using a connection string
dynamically created that would appear like::
DRIVER={SQL Server};Server=host;Database=db;UID=user;PWD=pass
* ``mssql+pyodbc://user:pass@host:123/db`` - connects using a connection
string that is dynamically created, which also includes the port
information using the comma syntax. If your connection string
requires the port information to be passed as a ``port`` keyword
see the next example. This will create the following connection
string::
DRIVER={SQL Server};Server=host,123;Database=db;UID=user;PWD=pass
* ``mssql+pyodbc://user:pass@host/db?port=123`` - connects using a connection
string that is dynamically created that includes the port
information as a separate ``port`` keyword. This will create the
following connection string::
DRIVER={SQL Server};Server=host;Database=db;UID=user;PWD=pass;port=123
If you require a connection string that is outside the options
presented above, use the ``odbc_connect`` keyword to pass in a
urlencoded connection string. What gets passed in will be urldecoded
and passed directly.
For example::
mssql+pyodbc:///?odbc_connect=dsn%3Dmydsn%3BDatabase%3Ddb
would create the following connection string::
dsn=mydsn;Database=db
Encoding your connection string can be easily accomplished through
the python shell. For example::
>>> import urllib
>>> urllib.quote_plus('dsn=mydsn;Database=db')
'dsn%3Dmydsn%3BDatabase%3Ddb'
"""
from sqlalchemy.dialects.mssql.base import MSExecutionContext, MSDialect
from sqlalchemy.connectors.pyodbc import PyODBCConnector
from sqlalchemy import types as sqltypes, util
import decimal
class _MSNumeric_pyodbc(sqltypes.Numeric):
"""Turns Decimals with adjusted() < 0 or > 7 into strings.
This is the only method that is proven to work with Pyodbc+MSSQL
without crashing (floats can be used but seem to cause sporadic
crashes).
"""
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
super_process = super(_MSNumeric_pyodbc, self).bind_processor(dialect)
def process(value):
if self.asdecimal and \
isinstance(value, decimal.Decimal):
adjusted = value.adjusted()
if adjusted < 0:
return self._small_dec_to_string(value)
elif adjusted > 7:
return self._large_dec_to_string(value)
if super_process:
return super_process(value)
else:
return value
return process
def _small_dec_to_string(self, value):
return "%s0.%s%s" % (
(value < 0 and '-' or ''),
'0' * (abs(value.adjusted()) - 1),
"".join([str(nint) for nint in value._int]))
def _large_dec_to_string(self, value):
if 'E' in str(value):
result = "%s%s%s" % (
(value < 0 and '-' or ''),
"".join([str(s) for s in value._int]),
"0" * (value.adjusted() - (len(value._int)-1)))
else:
if (len(value._int) - 1) > value.adjusted():
result = "%s%s.%s" % (
(value < 0 and '-' or ''),
"".join([str(s) for s in value._int][0:value.adjusted() + 1]),
"".join([str(s) for s in value._int][value.adjusted() + 1:]))
else:
result = "%s%s" % (
(value < 0 and '-' or ''),
"".join([str(s) for s in value._int][0:value.adjusted() + 1]))
return result
class MSExecutionContext_pyodbc(MSExecutionContext):
_embedded_scope_identity = False
def pre_exec(self):
"""where appropriate, issue "select scope_identity()" in the same statement.
Background on why "scope_identity()" is preferable to "@@identity":
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190315.aspx
Background on why we attempt to embed "scope_identity()" into the same
statement as the INSERT:
http://code.google.com/p/pyodbc/wiki/FAQs#How_do_I_retrieve_autogenerated/identity_values?
"""
super(MSExecutionContext_pyodbc, self).pre_exec()
# don't embed the scope_identity select into an "INSERT .. DEFAULT VALUES"
if self._select_lastrowid and \
self.dialect.use_scope_identity and \
len(self.parameters[0]):
self._embedded_scope_identity = True
self.statement += "; select scope_identity()"
def post_exec(self):
if self._embedded_scope_identity:
# Fetch the last inserted id from the manipulated statement
# We may have to skip over a number of result sets with no data (due to triggers, etc.)
while True:
try:
# fetchall() ensures the cursor is consumed
# without closing it (FreeTDS particularly)
row = self.cursor.fetchall()[0]
break
except self.dialect.dbapi.Error, e:
# no way around this - nextset() consumes the previous set
# so we need to just keep flipping
self.cursor.nextset()
self._lastrowid = int(row[0])
else:
super(MSExecutionContext_pyodbc, self).post_exec()
class MSDialect_pyodbc(PyODBCConnector, MSDialect):
execution_ctx_cls = MSExecutionContext_pyodbc
pyodbc_driver_name = 'SQL Server'
colspecs = util.update_copy(
MSDialect.colspecs,
{
sqltypes.Numeric:_MSNumeric_pyodbc
}
)
def __init__(self, description_encoding='latin-1', **params):
super(MSDialect_pyodbc, self).__init__(**params)
self.description_encoding = description_encoding
self.use_scope_identity = self.dbapi and hasattr(self.dbapi.Cursor, 'nextset')
dialect = MSDialect_pyodbc

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"""Support for the Microsoft SQL Server database via the zxjdbc JDBC
connector.
JDBC Driver
-----------
Requires the jTDS driver, available from: http://jtds.sourceforge.net/
Connecting
----------
URLs are of the standard form of
``mssql+zxjdbc://user:pass@host:port/dbname[?key=value&key=value...]``.
Additional arguments which may be specified either as query string
arguments on the URL, or as keyword arguments to
:func:`~sqlalchemy.create_engine()` will be passed as Connection
properties to the underlying JDBC driver.
"""
from sqlalchemy.connectors.zxJDBC import ZxJDBCConnector
from sqlalchemy.dialects.mssql.base import MSDialect, MSExecutionContext
from sqlalchemy.engine import base
class MSExecutionContext_zxjdbc(MSExecutionContext):
_embedded_scope_identity = False
def pre_exec(self):
super(MSExecutionContext_zxjdbc, self).pre_exec()
# scope_identity after the fact returns null in jTDS so we must
# embed it
if self._select_lastrowid and self.dialect.use_scope_identity:
self._embedded_scope_identity = True
self.statement += "; SELECT scope_identity()"
def post_exec(self):
if self._embedded_scope_identity:
while True:
try:
row = self.cursor.fetchall()[0]
break
except self.dialect.dbapi.Error, e:
self.cursor.nextset()
self._lastrowid = int(row[0])
if (self.isinsert or self.isupdate or self.isdelete) and self.compiled.returning:
self._result_proxy = base.FullyBufferedResultProxy(self)
if self._enable_identity_insert:
table = self.dialect.identifier_preparer.format_table(self.compiled.statement.table)
self.cursor.execute("SET IDENTITY_INSERT %s OFF" % table)
class MSDialect_zxjdbc(ZxJDBCConnector, MSDialect):
jdbc_db_name = 'jtds:sqlserver'
jdbc_driver_name = 'net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.Driver'
execution_ctx_cls = MSExecutionContext_zxjdbc
def _get_server_version_info(self, connection):
return tuple(int(x) for x in connection.connection.dbversion.split('.'))
dialect = MSDialect_zxjdbc