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Removed SqlAlchemy from repo

This commit is contained in:
Christoffer Viken 2017-06-05 14:07:33 +00:00
parent bae4a74196
commit a03ca8f299
223 changed files with 0 additions and 123014 deletions
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146
sqlalchemy/__init__.py
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@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
# sqlalchemy/__init__.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from .sql import (
alias,
all_,
and_,
any_,
asc,
between,
bindparam,
case,
cast,
collate,
column,
delete,
desc,
distinct,
except_,
except_all,
exists,
extract,
false,
func,
funcfilter,
insert,
intersect,
intersect_all,
join,
lateral,
literal,
literal_column,
modifier,
not_,
null,
or_,
outerjoin,
outparam,
over,
select,
subquery,
table,
tablesample,
text,
true,
tuple_,
type_coerce,
union,
union_all,
update,
within_group,
)
from .types import (
ARRAY,
BIGINT,
BINARY,
BLOB,
BOOLEAN,
BigInteger,
Binary,
Boolean,
CHAR,
CLOB,
DATE,
DATETIME,
DECIMAL,
Date,
DateTime,
Enum,
FLOAT,
Float,
INT,
INTEGER,
Integer,
Interval,
JSON,
LargeBinary,
NCHAR,
NVARCHAR,
NUMERIC,
Numeric,
PickleType,
REAL,
SMALLINT,
SmallInteger,
String,
TEXT,
TIME,
TIMESTAMP,
Text,
Time,
TypeDecorator,
Unicode,
UnicodeText,
VARBINARY,
VARCHAR,
)
from .schema import (
CheckConstraint,
Column,
ColumnDefault,
Constraint,
DefaultClause,
FetchedValue,
ForeignKey,
ForeignKeyConstraint,
Index,
MetaData,
PassiveDefault,
PrimaryKeyConstraint,
Sequence,
Table,
ThreadLocalMetaData,
UniqueConstraint,
DDL,
BLANK_SCHEMA
)
from .inspection import inspect
from .engine import create_engine, engine_from_config
__version__ = '1.1.9'
def __go(lcls):
global __all__
from . import events
from . import util as _sa_util
import inspect as _inspect
__all__ = sorted(name for name, obj in lcls.items()
if not (name.startswith('_') or _inspect.ismodule(obj)))
_sa_util.dependencies.resolve_all("sqlalchemy")
__go(locals())

696
sqlalchemy/cextension/processors.c
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@ -1,696 +0,0 @@
/*
processors.c
Copyright (C) 2010-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors <see AUTHORS file>
Copyright (C) 2010-2011 Gaetan de Menten gdementen@gmail.com
This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
*/
#include <Python.h>
#include <datetime.h>
#define MODULE_NAME "cprocessors"
#define MODULE_DOC "Module containing C versions of data processing functions."
#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x02050000 && !defined(PY_SSIZE_T_MIN)
typedef int Py_ssize_t;
#define PY_SSIZE_T_MAX INT_MAX
#define PY_SSIZE_T_MIN INT_MIN
#endif
static PyObject *
int_to_boolean(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
{
int l = 0;
PyObject *res;
if (arg == Py_None)
Py_RETURN_NONE;
l = PyObject_IsTrue(arg);
if (l == 0) {
res = Py_False;
} else if (l == 1) {
res = Py_True;
} else {
return NULL;
}
Py_INCREF(res);
return res;
}
static PyObject *
to_str(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
{
if (arg == Py_None)
Py_RETURN_NONE;
return PyObject_Str(arg);
}
static PyObject *
to_float(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
{
if (arg == Py_None)
Py_RETURN_NONE;
return PyNumber_Float(arg);
}
static PyObject *
str_to_datetime(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
{
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
PyObject *bytes;
PyObject *err_bytes;
#endif
const char *str;
int numparsed;
unsigned int year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond = 0;
PyObject *err_repr;
if (arg == Py_None)
Py_RETURN_NONE;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
bytes = PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(arg);
if (bytes == NULL)
str = NULL;
else
str = PyBytes_AS_STRING(bytes);
#else
str = PyString_AsString(arg);
#endif
if (str == NULL) {
err_repr = PyObject_Repr(arg);
if (err_repr == NULL)
return NULL;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
err_bytes = PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(err_repr);
if (err_bytes == NULL)
return NULL;
PyErr_Format(
PyExc_ValueError,
"Couldn't parse datetime string '%.200s' "
"- value is not a string.",
PyBytes_AS_STRING(err_bytes));
Py_DECREF(err_bytes);
#else
PyErr_Format(
PyExc_ValueError,
"Couldn't parse datetime string '%.200s' "
"- value is not a string.",
PyString_AsString(err_repr));
#endif
Py_DECREF(err_repr);
return NULL;
}
/* microseconds are optional */
/*
TODO: this is slightly less picky than the Python version which would
not accept "2000-01-01 00:00:00.". I don't know which is better, but they
should be coherent.
*/
numparsed = sscanf(str, "%4u-%2u-%2u %2u:%2u:%2u.%6u", &year, &month, &day,
&hour, &minute, &second, &microsecond);
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
Py_DECREF(bytes);
#endif
if (numparsed < 6) {
err_repr = PyObject_Repr(arg);
if (err_repr == NULL)
return NULL;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
err_bytes = PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(err_repr);
if (err_bytes == NULL)
return NULL;
PyErr_Format(
PyExc_ValueError,
"Couldn't parse datetime string: %.200s",
PyBytes_AS_STRING(err_bytes));
Py_DECREF(err_bytes);
#else
PyErr_Format(
PyExc_ValueError,
"Couldn't parse datetime string: %.200s",
PyString_AsString(err_repr));
#endif
Py_DECREF(err_repr);
return NULL;
}
return PyDateTime_FromDateAndTime(year, month, day,
hour, minute, second, microsecond);
}
static PyObject *
str_to_time(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
{
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
PyObject *bytes;
PyObject *err_bytes;
#endif
const char *str;
int numparsed;
unsigned int hour, minute, second, microsecond = 0;
PyObject *err_repr;
if (arg == Py_None)
Py_RETURN_NONE;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
bytes = PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(arg);
if (bytes == NULL)
str = NULL;
else
str = PyBytes_AS_STRING(bytes);
#else
str = PyString_AsString(arg);
#endif
if (str == NULL) {
err_repr = PyObject_Repr(arg);
if (err_repr == NULL)
return NULL;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
err_bytes = PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(err_repr);
if (err_bytes == NULL)
return NULL;
PyErr_Format(
PyExc_ValueError,
"Couldn't parse time string '%.200s' - value is not a string.",
PyBytes_AS_STRING(err_bytes));
Py_DECREF(err_bytes);
#else
PyErr_Format(
PyExc_ValueError,
"Couldn't parse time string '%.200s' - value is not a string.",
PyString_AsString(err_repr));
#endif
Py_DECREF(err_repr);
return NULL;
}
/* microseconds are optional */
/*
TODO: this is slightly less picky than the Python version which would
not accept "00:00:00.". I don't know which is better, but they should be
coherent.
*/
numparsed = sscanf(str, "%2u:%2u:%2u.%6u", &hour, &minute, &second,
&microsecond);
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
Py_DECREF(bytes);
#endif
if (numparsed < 3) {
err_repr = PyObject_Repr(arg);
if (err_repr == NULL)
return NULL;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
err_bytes = PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(err_repr);
if (err_bytes == NULL)
return NULL;
PyErr_Format(
PyExc_ValueError,
"Couldn't parse time string: %.200s",
PyBytes_AS_STRING(err_bytes));
Py_DECREF(err_bytes);
#else
PyErr_Format(
PyExc_ValueError,
"Couldn't parse time string: %.200s",
PyString_AsString(err_repr));
#endif
Py_DECREF(err_repr);
return NULL;
}
return PyTime_FromTime(hour, minute, second, microsecond);
}
static PyObject *
str_to_date(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
{
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
PyObject *bytes;
PyObject *err_bytes;
#endif
const char *str;
int numparsed;
unsigned int year, month, day;
PyObject *err_repr;
if (arg == Py_None)
Py_RETURN_NONE;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
bytes = PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(arg);
if (bytes == NULL)
str = NULL;
else
str = PyBytes_AS_STRING(bytes);
#else
str = PyString_AsString(arg);
#endif
if (str == NULL) {
err_repr = PyObject_Repr(arg);
if (err_repr == NULL)
return NULL;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
err_bytes = PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(err_repr);
if (err_bytes == NULL)
return NULL;
PyErr_Format(
PyExc_ValueError,
"Couldn't parse date string '%.200s' - value is not a string.",
PyBytes_AS_STRING(err_bytes));
Py_DECREF(err_bytes);
#else
PyErr_Format(
PyExc_ValueError,
"Couldn't parse date string '%.200s' - value is not a string.",
PyString_AsString(err_repr));
#endif
Py_DECREF(err_repr);
return NULL;
}
numparsed = sscanf(str, "%4u-%2u-%2u", &year, &month, &day);
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
Py_DECREF(bytes);
#endif
if (numparsed != 3) {
err_repr = PyObject_Repr(arg);
if (err_repr == NULL)
return NULL;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
err_bytes = PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(err_repr);
if (err_bytes == NULL)
return NULL;
PyErr_Format(
PyExc_ValueError,
"Couldn't parse date string: %.200s",
PyBytes_AS_STRING(err_bytes));
Py_DECREF(err_bytes);
#else
PyErr_Format(
PyExc_ValueError,
"Couldn't parse date string: %.200s",
PyString_AsString(err_repr));
#endif
Py_DECREF(err_repr);
return NULL;
}
return PyDate_FromDate(year, month, day);
}
/***********
* Structs *
***********/
typedef struct {
PyObject_HEAD
PyObject *encoding;
PyObject *errors;
} UnicodeResultProcessor;
typedef struct {
PyObject_HEAD
PyObject *type;
PyObject *format;
} DecimalResultProcessor;
/**************************
* UnicodeResultProcessor *
**************************/
static int
UnicodeResultProcessor_init(UnicodeResultProcessor *self, PyObject *args,
PyObject *kwds)
{
PyObject *encoding, *errors = NULL;
static char *kwlist[] = {"encoding", "errors", NULL};
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "U|U:__init__", kwlist,
&encoding, &errors))
return -1;
#else
if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "S|S:__init__", kwlist,
&encoding, &errors))
return -1;
#endif
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
encoding = PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(encoding);
#else
Py_INCREF(encoding);
#endif
self->encoding = encoding;
if (errors) {
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
errors = PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(errors);
#else
Py_INCREF(errors);
#endif
} else {
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
errors = PyBytes_FromString("strict");
#else
errors = PyString_FromString("strict");
#endif
if (errors == NULL)
return -1;
}
self->errors = errors;
return 0;
}
static PyObject *
UnicodeResultProcessor_process(UnicodeResultProcessor *self, PyObject *value)
{
const char *encoding, *errors;
char *str;
Py_ssize_t len;
if (value == Py_None)
Py_RETURN_NONE;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
if (PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(value, &str, &len))
return NULL;
encoding = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self->encoding);
errors = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self->errors);
#else
if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(value, &str, &len))
return NULL;
encoding = PyString_AS_STRING(self->encoding);
errors = PyString_AS_STRING(self->errors);
#endif
return PyUnicode_Decode(str, len, encoding, errors);
}
static PyObject *
UnicodeResultProcessor_conditional_process(UnicodeResultProcessor *self, PyObject *value)
{
const char *encoding, *errors;
char *str;
Py_ssize_t len;
if (value == Py_None)
Py_RETURN_NONE;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
if (PyUnicode_Check(value) == 1) {
Py_INCREF(value);
return value;
}
if (PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(value, &str, &len))
return NULL;
encoding = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self->encoding);
errors = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self->errors);
#else
if (PyUnicode_Check(value) == 1) {
Py_INCREF(value);
return value;
}
if (PyString_AsStringAndSize(value, &str, &len))
return NULL;
encoding = PyString_AS_STRING(self->encoding);
errors = PyString_AS_STRING(self->errors);
#endif
return PyUnicode_Decode(str, len, encoding, errors);
}
static void
UnicodeResultProcessor_dealloc(UnicodeResultProcessor *self)
{
Py_XDECREF(self->encoding);
Py_XDECREF(self->errors);
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject*)self);
#else
self->ob_type->tp_free((PyObject*)self);
#endif
}
static PyMethodDef UnicodeResultProcessor_methods[] = {
{"process", (PyCFunction)UnicodeResultProcessor_process, METH_O,
"The value processor itself."},
{"conditional_process", (PyCFunction)UnicodeResultProcessor_conditional_process, METH_O,
"Conditional version of the value processor."},
{NULL} /* Sentinel */
};
static PyTypeObject UnicodeResultProcessorType = {
PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
"sqlalchemy.cprocessors.UnicodeResultProcessor", /* tp_name */
sizeof(UnicodeResultProcessor), /* tp_basicsize */
0, /* tp_itemsize */
(destructor)UnicodeResultProcessor_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */
0, /* tp_print */
0, /* tp_getattr */
0, /* tp_setattr */
0, /* tp_compare */
0, /* tp_repr */
0, /* tp_as_number */
0, /* tp_as_sequence */
0, /* tp_as_mapping */
0, /* tp_hash */
0, /* tp_call */
0, /* tp_str */
0, /* tp_getattro */
0, /* tp_setattro */
0, /* tp_as_buffer */
Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, /* tp_flags */
"UnicodeResultProcessor objects", /* tp_doc */
0, /* tp_traverse */
0, /* tp_clear */
0, /* tp_richcompare */
0, /* tp_weaklistoffset */
0, /* tp_iter */
0, /* tp_iternext */
UnicodeResultProcessor_methods, /* tp_methods */
0, /* tp_members */
0, /* tp_getset */
0, /* tp_base */
0, /* tp_dict */
0, /* tp_descr_get */
0, /* tp_descr_set */
0, /* tp_dictoffset */
(initproc)UnicodeResultProcessor_init, /* tp_init */
0, /* tp_alloc */
0, /* tp_new */
};
/**************************
* DecimalResultProcessor *
**************************/
static int
DecimalResultProcessor_init(DecimalResultProcessor *self, PyObject *args,
PyObject *kwds)
{
PyObject *type, *format;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OU", &type, &format))
#else
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OS", &type, &format))
#endif
return -1;
Py_INCREF(type);
self->type = type;
Py_INCREF(format);
self->format = format;
return 0;
}
static PyObject *
DecimalResultProcessor_process(DecimalResultProcessor *self, PyObject *value)
{
PyObject *str, *result, *args;
if (value == Py_None)
Py_RETURN_NONE;
/* Decimal does not accept float values directly */
/* SQLite can also give us an integer here (see [ticket:2432]) */
/* XXX: starting with Python 3.1, we could use Decimal.from_float(f),
but the result wouldn't be the same */
args = PyTuple_Pack(1, value);
if (args == NULL)
return NULL;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
str = PyUnicode_Format(self->format, args);
#else
str = PyString_Format(self->format, args);
#endif
Py_DECREF(args);
if (str == NULL)
return NULL;
result = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(self->type, str, NULL);
Py_DECREF(str);
return result;
}
static void
DecimalResultProcessor_dealloc(DecimalResultProcessor *self)
{
Py_XDECREF(self->type);
Py_XDECREF(self->format);
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject*)self);
#else
self->ob_type->tp_free((PyObject*)self);
#endif
}
static PyMethodDef DecimalResultProcessor_methods[] = {
{"process", (PyCFunction)DecimalResultProcessor_process, METH_O,
"The value processor itself."},
{NULL} /* Sentinel */
};
static PyTypeObject DecimalResultProcessorType = {
PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
"sqlalchemy.DecimalResultProcessor", /* tp_name */
sizeof(DecimalResultProcessor), /* tp_basicsize */
0, /* tp_itemsize */
(destructor)DecimalResultProcessor_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */
0, /* tp_print */
0, /* tp_getattr */
0, /* tp_setattr */
0, /* tp_compare */
0, /* tp_repr */
0, /* tp_as_number */
0, /* tp_as_sequence */
0, /* tp_as_mapping */
0, /* tp_hash */
0, /* tp_call */
0, /* tp_str */
0, /* tp_getattro */
0, /* tp_setattro */
0, /* tp_as_buffer */
Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, /* tp_flags */
"DecimalResultProcessor objects", /* tp_doc */
0, /* tp_traverse */
0, /* tp_clear */
0, /* tp_richcompare */
0, /* tp_weaklistoffset */
0, /* tp_iter */
0, /* tp_iternext */
DecimalResultProcessor_methods, /* tp_methods */
0, /* tp_members */
0, /* tp_getset */
0, /* tp_base */
0, /* tp_dict */
0, /* tp_descr_get */
0, /* tp_descr_set */
0, /* tp_dictoffset */
(initproc)DecimalResultProcessor_init, /* tp_init */
0, /* tp_alloc */
0, /* tp_new */
};
static PyMethodDef module_methods[] = {
{"int_to_boolean", int_to_boolean, METH_O,
"Convert an integer to a boolean."},
{"to_str", to_str, METH_O,
"Convert any value to its string representation."},
{"to_float", to_float, METH_O,
"Convert any value to its floating point representation."},
{"str_to_datetime", str_to_datetime, METH_O,
"Convert an ISO string to a datetime.datetime object."},
{"str_to_time", str_to_time, METH_O,
"Convert an ISO string to a datetime.time object."},
{"str_to_date", str_to_date, METH_O,
"Convert an ISO string to a datetime.date object."},
{NULL, NULL, 0, NULL} /* Sentinel */
};
#ifndef PyMODINIT_FUNC /* declarations for DLL import/export */
#define PyMODINIT_FUNC void
#endif
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
static struct PyModuleDef module_def = {
PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
MODULE_NAME,
MODULE_DOC,
-1,
module_methods
};
#define INITERROR return NULL
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit_cprocessors(void)
#else
#define INITERROR return
PyMODINIT_FUNC
initcprocessors(void)
#endif
{
PyObject *m;
UnicodeResultProcessorType.tp_new = PyType_GenericNew;
if (PyType_Ready(&UnicodeResultProcessorType) < 0)
INITERROR;
DecimalResultProcessorType.tp_new = PyType_GenericNew;
if (PyType_Ready(&DecimalResultProcessorType) < 0)
INITERROR;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
m = PyModule_Create(&module_def);
#else
m = Py_InitModule3(MODULE_NAME, module_methods, MODULE_DOC);
#endif
if (m == NULL)
INITERROR;
PyDateTime_IMPORT;
Py_INCREF(&UnicodeResultProcessorType);
PyModule_AddObject(m, "UnicodeResultProcessor",
(PyObject *)&UnicodeResultProcessorType);
Py_INCREF(&DecimalResultProcessorType);
PyModule_AddObject(m, "DecimalResultProcessor",
(PyObject *)&DecimalResultProcessorType);
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
return m;
#endif
}

727
sqlalchemy/cextension/resultproxy.c
View File

@ -1,727 +0,0 @@
/*
resultproxy.c
Copyright (C) 2010-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors <see AUTHORS file>
Copyright (C) 2010-2011 Gaetan de Menten gdementen@gmail.com
This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
*/
#include <Python.h>
#define MODULE_NAME "cresultproxy"
#define MODULE_DOC "Module containing C versions of core ResultProxy classes."
#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x02050000 && !defined(PY_SSIZE_T_MIN)
typedef int Py_ssize_t;
#define PY_SSIZE_T_MAX INT_MAX
#define PY_SSIZE_T_MIN INT_MIN
typedef Py_ssize_t (*lenfunc)(PyObject *);
#define PyInt_FromSsize_t(x) PyInt_FromLong(x)
typedef intargfunc ssizeargfunc;
#endif
/***********
* Structs *
***********/
typedef struct {
PyObject_HEAD
PyObject *parent;
PyObject *row;
PyObject *processors;
PyObject *keymap;
} BaseRowProxy;
/****************
* BaseRowProxy *
****************/
static PyObject *
safe_rowproxy_reconstructor(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
PyObject *cls, *state, *tmp;
BaseRowProxy *obj;
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO", &cls, &state))
return NULL;
obj = (BaseRowProxy *)PyObject_CallMethod(cls, "__new__", "O", cls);
if (obj == NULL)
return NULL;
tmp = PyObject_CallMethod((PyObject *)obj, "__setstate__", "O", state);
if (tmp == NULL) {
Py_DECREF(obj);
return NULL;
}
Py_DECREF(tmp);
if (obj->parent == NULL || obj->row == NULL ||
obj->processors == NULL || obj->keymap == NULL) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
"__setstate__ for BaseRowProxy subclasses must set values "
"for parent, row, processors and keymap");
Py_DECREF(obj);
return NULL;
}
return (PyObject *)obj;
}
static int
BaseRowProxy_init(BaseRowProxy *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
{
PyObject *parent, *row, *processors, *keymap;
if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "BaseRowProxy", 4, 4,
&parent, &row, &processors, &keymap))
return -1;
Py_INCREF(parent);
self->parent = parent;
if (!PySequence_Check(row)) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "row must be a sequence");
return -1;
}
Py_INCREF(row);
self->row = row;
if (!PyList_CheckExact(processors)) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "processors must be a list");
return -1;
}
Py_INCREF(processors);
self->processors = processors;
if (!PyDict_CheckExact(keymap)) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "keymap must be a dict");
return -1;
}
Py_INCREF(keymap);
self->keymap = keymap;
return 0;
}
/* We need the reduce method because otherwise the default implementation
* does very weird stuff for pickle protocol 0 and 1. It calls
* BaseRowProxy.__new__(RowProxy_instance) upon *pickling*.
*/
static PyObject *
BaseRowProxy_reduce(PyObject *self)
{
PyObject *method, *state;
PyObject *module, *reconstructor, *cls;
method = PyObject_GetAttrString(self, "__getstate__");
if (method == NULL)
return NULL;
state = PyObject_CallObject(method, NULL);
Py_DECREF(method);
if (state == NULL)
return NULL;
module = PyImport_ImportModule("sqlalchemy.engine.result");
if (module == NULL)
return NULL;
reconstructor = PyObject_GetAttrString(module, "rowproxy_reconstructor");
Py_DECREF(module);
if (reconstructor == NULL) {
Py_DECREF(state);
return NULL;
}
cls = PyObject_GetAttrString(self, "__class__");
if (cls == NULL) {
Py_DECREF(reconstructor);
Py_DECREF(state);
return NULL;
}
return Py_BuildValue("(N(NN))", reconstructor, cls, state);
}
static void
BaseRowProxy_dealloc(BaseRowProxy *self)
{
Py_XDECREF(self->parent);
Py_XDECREF(self->row);
Py_XDECREF(self->processors);
Py_XDECREF(self->keymap);
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject *)self);
#else
self->ob_type->tp_free((PyObject *)self);
#endif
}
static PyObject *
BaseRowProxy_processvalues(PyObject *values, PyObject *processors, int astuple)
{
Py_ssize_t num_values, num_processors;
PyObject **valueptr, **funcptr, **resultptr;
PyObject *func, *result, *processed_value, *values_fastseq;
num_values = PySequence_Length(values);
num_processors = PyList_Size(processors);
if (num_values != num_processors) {
PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
"number of values in row (%d) differ from number of column "
"processors (%d)",
(int)num_values, (int)num_processors);
return NULL;
}
if (astuple) {
result = PyTuple_New(num_values);
} else {
result = PyList_New(num_values);
}
if (result == NULL)
return NULL;
values_fastseq = PySequence_Fast(values, "row must be a sequence");
if (values_fastseq == NULL)
return NULL;
valueptr = PySequence_Fast_ITEMS(values_fastseq);
funcptr = PySequence_Fast_ITEMS(processors);
resultptr = PySequence_Fast_ITEMS(result);
while (--num_values >= 0) {
func = *funcptr;
if (func != Py_None) {
processed_value = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(func, *valueptr,
NULL);
if (processed_value == NULL) {
Py_DECREF(values_fastseq);
Py_DECREF(result);
return NULL;
}
*resultptr = processed_value;
} else {
Py_INCREF(*valueptr);
*resultptr = *valueptr;
}
valueptr++;
funcptr++;
resultptr++;
}
Py_DECREF(values_fastseq);
return result;
}
static PyListObject *
BaseRowProxy_values(BaseRowProxy *self)
{
return (PyListObject *)BaseRowProxy_processvalues(self->row,
self->processors, 0);
}
static PyObject *
BaseRowProxy_iter(BaseRowProxy *self)
{
PyObject *values, *result;
values = BaseRowProxy_processvalues(self->row, self->processors, 1);
if (values == NULL)
return NULL;
result = PyObject_GetIter(values);
Py_DECREF(values);
if (result == NULL)
return NULL;
return result;
}
static Py_ssize_t
BaseRowProxy_length(BaseRowProxy *self)
{
return PySequence_Length(self->row);
}
static PyObject *
BaseRowProxy_subscript(BaseRowProxy *self, PyObject *key)
{
PyObject *processors, *values;
PyObject *processor, *value, *processed_value;
PyObject *row, *record, *result, *indexobject;
PyObject *exc_module, *exception, *cstr_obj;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
PyObject *bytes;
#endif
char *cstr_key;
long index;
int key_fallback = 0;
int tuple_check = 0;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
if (PyInt_CheckExact(key)) {
index = PyInt_AS_LONG(key);
if (index < 0)
index += BaseRowProxy_length(self);
} else
#endif
if (PyLong_CheckExact(key)) {
index = PyLong_AsLong(key);
if ((index == -1) && PyErr_Occurred())
/* -1 can be either the actual value, or an error flag. */
return NULL;
if (index < 0)
index += BaseRowProxy_length(self);
} else if (PySlice_Check(key)) {
values = PyObject_GetItem(self->row, key);
if (values == NULL)
return NULL;
processors = PyObject_GetItem(self->processors, key);
if (processors == NULL) {
Py_DECREF(values);
return NULL;
}
result = BaseRowProxy_processvalues(values, processors, 1);
Py_DECREF(values);
Py_DECREF(processors);
return result;
} else {
record = PyDict_GetItem((PyObject *)self->keymap, key);
if (record == NULL) {
record = PyObject_CallMethod(self->parent, "_key_fallback",
"O", key);
if (record == NULL)
return NULL;
key_fallback = 1;
}
indexobject = PyTuple_GetItem(record, 2);
if (indexobject == NULL)
return NULL;
if (key_fallback) {
Py_DECREF(record);
}
if (indexobject == Py_None) {
exc_module = PyImport_ImportModule("sqlalchemy.exc");
if (exc_module == NULL)
return NULL;
exception = PyObject_GetAttrString(exc_module,
"InvalidRequestError");
Py_DECREF(exc_module);
if (exception == NULL)
return NULL;
cstr_obj = PyTuple_GetItem(record, 1);
if (cstr_obj == NULL)
return NULL;
cstr_obj = PyObject_Str(cstr_obj);
if (cstr_obj == NULL)
return NULL;
/*
FIXME: raise encoding error exception (in both versions below)
if the key contains non-ascii chars, instead of an
InvalidRequestError without any message like in the
python version.
*/
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
bytes = PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(cstr_obj);
if (bytes == NULL)
return NULL;
cstr_key = PyBytes_AS_STRING(bytes);
#else
cstr_key = PyString_AsString(cstr_obj);
#endif
if (cstr_key == NULL) {
Py_DECREF(cstr_obj);
return NULL;
}
Py_DECREF(cstr_obj);
PyErr_Format(exception,
"Ambiguous column name '%.200s' in "
"result set column descriptions", cstr_key);
return NULL;
}
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
index = PyLong_AsLong(indexobject);
#else
index = PyInt_AsLong(indexobject);
#endif
if ((index == -1) && PyErr_Occurred())
/* -1 can be either the actual value, or an error flag. */
return NULL;
}
processor = PyList_GetItem(self->processors, index);
if (processor == NULL)
return NULL;
row = self->row;
if (PyTuple_CheckExact(row)) {
value = PyTuple_GetItem(row, index);
tuple_check = 1;
}
else {
value = PySequence_GetItem(row, index);
tuple_check = 0;
}
if (value == NULL)
return NULL;
if (processor != Py_None) {
processed_value = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(processor, value, NULL);
if (!tuple_check) {
Py_DECREF(value);
}
return processed_value;
} else {
if (tuple_check) {
Py_INCREF(value);
}
return value;
}
}
static PyObject *
BaseRowProxy_getitem(PyObject *self, Py_ssize_t i)
{
PyObject *index;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
index = PyLong_FromSsize_t(i);
#else
index = PyInt_FromSsize_t(i);
#endif
return BaseRowProxy_subscript((BaseRowProxy*)self, index);
}
static PyObject *
BaseRowProxy_getattro(BaseRowProxy *self, PyObject *name)
{
PyObject *tmp;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
PyObject *err_bytes;
#endif
if (!(tmp = PyObject_GenericGetAttr((PyObject *)self, name))) {
if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError))
return NULL;
PyErr_Clear();
}
else
return tmp;
tmp = BaseRowProxy_subscript(self, name);
if (tmp == NULL && PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_KeyError)) {
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
err_bytes = PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(name);
if (err_bytes == NULL)
return NULL;
PyErr_Format(
PyExc_AttributeError,
"Could not locate column in row for column '%.200s'",
PyBytes_AS_STRING(err_bytes)
);
#else
PyErr_Format(
PyExc_AttributeError,
"Could not locate column in row for column '%.200s'",
PyString_AsString(name)
);
#endif
return NULL;
}
return tmp;
}
/***********************
* getters and setters *
***********************/
static PyObject *
BaseRowProxy_getparent(BaseRowProxy *self, void *closure)
{
Py_INCREF(self->parent);
return self->parent;
}
static int
BaseRowProxy_setparent(BaseRowProxy *self, PyObject *value, void *closure)
{
PyObject *module, *cls;
if (value == NULL) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
"Cannot delete the 'parent' attribute");
return -1;
}
module = PyImport_ImportModule("sqlalchemy.engine.result");
if (module == NULL)
return -1;
cls = PyObject_GetAttrString(module, "ResultMetaData");
Py_DECREF(module);
if (cls == NULL)
return -1;
if (PyObject_IsInstance(value, cls) != 1) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
"The 'parent' attribute value must be an instance of "
"ResultMetaData");
return -1;
}
Py_DECREF(cls);
Py_XDECREF(self->parent);
Py_INCREF(value);
self->parent = value;
return 0;
}
static PyObject *
BaseRowProxy_getrow(BaseRowProxy *self, void *closure)
{
Py_INCREF(self->row);
return self->row;
}
static int
BaseRowProxy_setrow(BaseRowProxy *self, PyObject *value, void *closure)
{
if (value == NULL) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
"Cannot delete the 'row' attribute");
return -1;
}
if (!PySequence_Check(value)) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
"The 'row' attribute value must be a sequence");
return -1;
}
Py_XDECREF(self->row);
Py_INCREF(value);
self->row = value;
return 0;
}
static PyObject *
BaseRowProxy_getprocessors(BaseRowProxy *self, void *closure)
{
Py_INCREF(self->processors);
return self->processors;
}
static int
BaseRowProxy_setprocessors(BaseRowProxy *self, PyObject *value, void *closure)
{
if (value == NULL) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
"Cannot delete the 'processors' attribute");
return -1;
}
if (!PyList_CheckExact(value)) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
"The 'processors' attribute value must be a list");
return -1;
}
Py_XDECREF(self->processors);
Py_INCREF(value);
self->processors = value;
return 0;
}
static PyObject *
BaseRowProxy_getkeymap(BaseRowProxy *self, void *closure)
{
Py_INCREF(self->keymap);
return self->keymap;
}
static int
BaseRowProxy_setkeymap(BaseRowProxy *self, PyObject *value, void *closure)
{
if (value == NULL) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
"Cannot delete the 'keymap' attribute");
return -1;
}
if (!PyDict_CheckExact(value)) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
"The 'keymap' attribute value must be a dict");
return -1;
}
Py_XDECREF(self->keymap);
Py_INCREF(value);
self->keymap = value;
return 0;
}
static PyGetSetDef BaseRowProxy_getseters[] = {
{"_parent",
(getter)BaseRowProxy_getparent, (setter)BaseRowProxy_setparent,
"ResultMetaData",
NULL},
{"_row",
(getter)BaseRowProxy_getrow, (setter)BaseRowProxy_setrow,
"Original row tuple",
NULL},
{"_processors",
(getter)BaseRowProxy_getprocessors, (setter)BaseRowProxy_setprocessors,
"list of type processors",
NULL},
{"_keymap",
(getter)BaseRowProxy_getkeymap, (setter)BaseRowProxy_setkeymap,
"Key to (processor, index) dict",
NULL},
{NULL}
};
static PyMethodDef BaseRowProxy_methods[] = {
{"values", (PyCFunction)BaseRowProxy_values, METH_NOARGS,
"Return the values represented by this BaseRowProxy as a list."},
{"__reduce__", (PyCFunction)BaseRowProxy_reduce, METH_NOARGS,
"Pickle support method."},
{NULL} /* Sentinel */
};
static PySequenceMethods BaseRowProxy_as_sequence = {
(lenfunc)BaseRowProxy_length, /* sq_length */
0, /* sq_concat */
0, /* sq_repeat */
(ssizeargfunc)BaseRowProxy_getitem, /* sq_item */
0, /* sq_slice */
0, /* sq_ass_item */
0, /* sq_ass_slice */
0, /* sq_contains */
0, /* sq_inplace_concat */
0, /* sq_inplace_repeat */
};
static PyMappingMethods BaseRowProxy_as_mapping = {
(lenfunc)BaseRowProxy_length, /* mp_length */
(binaryfunc)BaseRowProxy_subscript, /* mp_subscript */
0 /* mp_ass_subscript */
};
static PyTypeObject BaseRowProxyType = {
PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
"sqlalchemy.cresultproxy.BaseRowProxy", /* tp_name */
sizeof(BaseRowProxy), /* tp_basicsize */
0, /* tp_itemsize */
(destructor)BaseRowProxy_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */
0, /* tp_print */
0, /* tp_getattr */
0, /* tp_setattr */
0, /* tp_compare */
0, /* tp_repr */
0, /* tp_as_number */
&BaseRowProxy_as_sequence, /* tp_as_sequence */
&BaseRowProxy_as_mapping, /* tp_as_mapping */
0, /* tp_hash */
0, /* tp_call */
0, /* tp_str */
(getattrofunc)BaseRowProxy_getattro,/* tp_getattro */
0, /* tp_setattro */
0, /* tp_as_buffer */
Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, /* tp_flags */
"BaseRowProxy is a abstract base class for RowProxy", /* tp_doc */
0, /* tp_traverse */
0, /* tp_clear */
0, /* tp_richcompare */
0, /* tp_weaklistoffset */
(getiterfunc)BaseRowProxy_iter, /* tp_iter */
0, /* tp_iternext */
BaseRowProxy_methods, /* tp_methods */
0, /* tp_members */
BaseRowProxy_getseters, /* tp_getset */
0, /* tp_base */
0, /* tp_dict */
0, /* tp_descr_get */
0, /* tp_descr_set */
0, /* tp_dictoffset */
(initproc)BaseRowProxy_init, /* tp_init */
0, /* tp_alloc */
0 /* tp_new */
};
static PyMethodDef module_methods[] = {
{"safe_rowproxy_reconstructor", safe_rowproxy_reconstructor, METH_VARARGS,
"reconstruct a RowProxy instance from its pickled form."},
{NULL, NULL, 0, NULL} /* Sentinel */
};
#ifndef PyMODINIT_FUNC /* declarations for DLL import/export */
#define PyMODINIT_FUNC void
#endif
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
static struct PyModuleDef module_def = {
PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
MODULE_NAME,
MODULE_DOC,
-1,
module_methods
};
#define INITERROR return NULL
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit_cresultproxy(void)
#else
#define INITERROR return
PyMODINIT_FUNC
initcresultproxy(void)
#endif
{
PyObject *m;
BaseRowProxyType.tp_new = PyType_GenericNew;
if (PyType_Ready(&BaseRowProxyType) < 0)
INITERROR;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
m = PyModule_Create(&module_def);
#else
m = Py_InitModule3(MODULE_NAME, module_methods, MODULE_DOC);
#endif
if (m == NULL)
INITERROR;
Py_INCREF(&BaseRowProxyType);
PyModule_AddObject(m, "BaseRowProxy", (PyObject *)&BaseRowProxyType);
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
return m;
#endif
}

225
sqlalchemy/cextension/utils.c
View File

@ -1,225 +0,0 @@
/*
utils.c
Copyright (C) 2012-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors <see AUTHORS file>
This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
*/
#include <Python.h>
#define MODULE_NAME "cutils"
#define MODULE_DOC "Module containing C versions of utility functions."
/*
Given arguments from the calling form *multiparams, **params,
return a list of bind parameter structures, usually a list of
dictionaries.
In the case of 'raw' execution which accepts positional parameters,
it may be a list of tuples or lists.
*/
static PyObject *
distill_params(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
PyObject *multiparams, *params;
PyObject *enclosing_list, *double_enclosing_list;
PyObject *zero_element, *zero_element_item;
Py_ssize_t multiparam_size, zero_element_length;
if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, "_distill_params", 2, 2, &multiparams, &params)) {
return NULL;
}
if (multiparams != Py_None) {
multiparam_size = PyTuple_Size(multiparams);
if (multiparam_size < 0) {
return NULL;
}
}
else {
multiparam_size = 0;
}
if (multiparam_size == 0) {
if (params != Py_None && PyDict_Size(params) != 0) {
enclosing_list = PyList_New(1);
if (enclosing_list == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
Py_INCREF(params);
if (PyList_SetItem(enclosing_list, 0, params) == -1) {
Py_DECREF(params);
Py_DECREF(enclosing_list);
return NULL;
}
}
else {
enclosing_list = PyList_New(0);
if (enclosing_list == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
}
return enclosing_list;
}
else if (multiparam_size == 1) {
zero_element = PyTuple_GetItem(multiparams, 0);
if (PyTuple_Check(zero_element) || PyList_Check(zero_element)) {
zero_element_length = PySequence_Length(zero_element);
if (zero_element_length != 0) {
zero_element_item = PySequence_GetItem(zero_element, 0);
if (zero_element_item == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
}
else {
zero_element_item = NULL;
}
if (zero_element_length == 0 ||
(
PyObject_HasAttrString(zero_element_item, "__iter__") &&
!PyObject_HasAttrString(zero_element_item, "strip")
)
) {
/*
* execute(stmt, [{}, {}, {}, ...])
* execute(stmt, [(), (), (), ...])
*/
Py_XDECREF(zero_element_item);
Py_INCREF(zero_element);
return zero_element;
}
else {
/*
* execute(stmt, ("value", "value"))
*/
Py_XDECREF(zero_element_item);
enclosing_list = PyList_New(1);
if (enclosing_list == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
Py_INCREF(zero_element);
if (PyList_SetItem(enclosing_list, 0, zero_element) == -1) {
Py_DECREF(zero_element);
Py_DECREF(enclosing_list);
return NULL;
}
return enclosing_list;
}
}
else if (PyObject_HasAttrString(zero_element, "keys")) {
/*
* execute(stmt, {"key":"value"})
*/
enclosing_list = PyList_New(1);
if (enclosing_list == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
Py_INCREF(zero_element);
if (PyList_SetItem(enclosing_list, 0, zero_element) == -1) {
Py_DECREF(zero_element);
Py_DECREF(enclosing_list);
return NULL;
}
return enclosing_list;
} else {
enclosing_list = PyList_New(1);
if (enclosing_list == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
double_enclosing_list = PyList_New(1);
if (double_enclosing_list == NULL) {
Py_DECREF(enclosing_list);
return NULL;
}
Py_INCREF(zero_element);
if (PyList_SetItem(enclosing_list, 0, zero_element) == -1) {
Py_DECREF(zero_element);
Py_DECREF(enclosing_list);
Py_DECREF(double_enclosing_list);
return NULL;
}
if (PyList_SetItem(double_enclosing_list, 0, enclosing_list) == -1) {
Py_DECREF(zero_element);
Py_DECREF(enclosing_list);
Py_DECREF(double_enclosing_list);
return NULL;
}
return double_enclosing_list;
}
}
else {
zero_element = PyTuple_GetItem(multiparams, 0);
if (PyObject_HasAttrString(zero_element, "__iter__") &&
!PyObject_HasAttrString(zero_element, "strip")
) {
Py_INCREF(multiparams);
return multiparams;
}
else {
enclosing_list = PyList_New(1);
if (enclosing_list == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
Py_INCREF(multiparams);
if (PyList_SetItem(enclosing_list, 0, multiparams) == -1) {
Py_DECREF(multiparams);
Py_DECREF(enclosing_list);
return NULL;
}
return enclosing_list;
}
}
}
static PyMethodDef module_methods[] = {
{"_distill_params", distill_params, METH_VARARGS,
"Distill an execute() parameter structure."},
{NULL, NULL, 0, NULL} /* Sentinel */
};
#ifndef PyMODINIT_FUNC /* declarations for DLL import/export */
#define PyMODINIT_FUNC void
#endif
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
static struct PyModuleDef module_def = {
PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
MODULE_NAME,
MODULE_DOC,
-1,
module_methods
};
#endif
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit_cutils(void)
#else
PyMODINIT_FUNC
initcutils(void)
#endif
{
PyObject *m;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
m = PyModule_Create(&module_def);
#else
m = Py_InitModule3(MODULE_NAME, module_methods, MODULE_DOC);
#endif
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
if (m == NULL)
return NULL;
return m;
#else
if (m == NULL)
return;
#endif
}

10
sqlalchemy/connectors/__init__.py
View File

@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
# connectors/__init__.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
class Connector(object):
pass

150
sqlalchemy/connectors/mxodbc.py
View File

@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
# connectors/mxodbc.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
Provide a SQLALchemy connector for the eGenix mxODBC commercial
Python adapter for ODBC. This is not a free product, but eGenix
provides SQLAlchemy with a license for use in continuous integration
testing.
This has been tested for use with mxODBC 3.1.2 on SQL Server 2005
and 2008, using the SQL Server Native driver. However, it is
possible for this to be used on other database platforms.
For more info on mxODBC, see http://www.egenix.com/
"""
import sys
import re
import warnings
from . import Connector
class MxODBCConnector(Connector):
driver = 'mxodbc'
supports_sane_multi_rowcount = False
supports_unicode_statements = True
supports_unicode_binds = True
supports_native_decimal = True
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
# this classmethod will normally be replaced by an instance
# attribute of the same name, so this is normally only called once.
cls._load_mx_exceptions()
platform = sys.platform
if platform == 'win32':
from mx.ODBC import Windows as module
# this can be the string "linux2", and possibly others
elif 'linux' in platform:
from mx.ODBC import unixODBC as module
elif platform == 'darwin':
from mx.ODBC import iODBC as module
else:
raise ImportError("Unrecognized platform for mxODBC import")
return module
@classmethod
def _load_mx_exceptions(cls):
""" Import mxODBC exception classes into the module namespace,
as if they had been imported normally. This is done here
to avoid requiring all SQLAlchemy users to install mxODBC.
"""
global InterfaceError, ProgrammingError
from mx.ODBC import InterfaceError
from mx.ODBC import ProgrammingError
def on_connect(self):
def connect(conn):
conn.stringformat = self.dbapi.MIXED_STRINGFORMAT
conn.datetimeformat = self.dbapi.PYDATETIME_DATETIMEFORMAT
conn.decimalformat = self.dbapi.DECIMAL_DECIMALFORMAT
conn.errorhandler = self._error_handler()
return connect
def _error_handler(self):
""" Return a handler that adjusts mxODBC's raised Warnings to
emit Python standard warnings.
"""
from mx.ODBC.Error import Warning as MxOdbcWarning
def error_handler(connection, cursor, errorclass, errorvalue):
if issubclass(errorclass, MxOdbcWarning):
errorclass.__bases__ = (Warning,)
warnings.warn(message=str(errorvalue),
category=errorclass,
stacklevel=2)
else:
raise errorclass(errorvalue)
return error_handler
def create_connect_args(self, url):
""" Return a tuple of *args,**kwargs for creating a connection.
The mxODBC 3.x connection constructor looks like this:
connect(dsn, user='', password='',
clear_auto_commit=1, errorhandler=None)
This method translates the values in the provided uri
into args and kwargs needed to instantiate an mxODBC Connection.
The arg 'errorhandler' is not used by SQLAlchemy and will
not be populated.
"""
opts = url.translate_connect_args(username='user')
opts.update(url.query)
args = opts.pop('host')
opts.pop('port', None)
opts.pop('database', None)
return (args,), opts
def is_disconnect(self, e, connection, cursor):
# TODO: eGenix recommends checking connection.closed here
# Does that detect dropped connections ?
if isinstance(e, self.dbapi.ProgrammingError):
return "connection already closed" in str(e)
elif isinstance(e, self.dbapi.Error):
return '[08S01]' in str(e)
else:
return False
def _get_server_version_info(self, connection):
# eGenix suggests using conn.dbms_version instead
# of what we're doing here
dbapi_con = connection.connection
version = []
r = re.compile(r'[.\-]')
# 18 == pyodbc.SQL_DBMS_VER
for n in r.split(dbapi_con.getinfo(18)[1]):
try:
version.append(int(n))
except ValueError:
version.append(n)
return tuple(version)
def _get_direct(self, context):
if context:
native_odbc_execute = context.execution_options.\
get('native_odbc_execute', 'auto')
# default to direct=True in all cases, is more generally
# compatible especially with SQL Server
return False if native_odbc_execute is True else True
else:
return True
def do_executemany(self, cursor, statement, parameters, context=None):
cursor.executemany(
statement, parameters, direct=self._get_direct(context))
def do_execute(self, cursor, statement, parameters, context=None):
cursor.execute(statement, parameters, direct=self._get_direct(context))

196
sqlalchemy/connectors/pyodbc.py
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@ -1,196 +0,0 @@
# connectors/pyodbc.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from . import Connector
from .. import util
import sys
import re
class PyODBCConnector(Connector):
driver = 'pyodbc'
supports_sane_multi_rowcount = False
if util.py2k:
# PyODBC unicode is broken on UCS-4 builds
supports_unicode = sys.maxunicode == 65535
supports_unicode_statements = supports_unicode
supports_native_decimal = True
default_paramstyle = 'named'
# for non-DSN connections, this *may* be used to
# hold the desired driver name
pyodbc_driver_name = None
# will be set to True after initialize()
# if the freetds.so is detected
freetds = False
# will be set to the string version of
# the FreeTDS driver if freetds is detected
freetds_driver_version = None
# will be set to True after initialize()
# if the libessqlsrv.so is detected
easysoft = False
def __init__(self, supports_unicode_binds=None, **kw):
super(PyODBCConnector, self).__init__(**kw)
self._user_supports_unicode_binds = supports_unicode_binds
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
return __import__('pyodbc')
def create_connect_args(self, url):
opts = url.translate_connect_args(username='user')
opts.update(url.query)
keys = opts
query = url.query
connect_args = {}
for param in ('ansi', 'unicode_results', 'autocommit'):
if param in keys:
connect_args[param] = util.asbool(keys.pop(param))
if 'odbc_connect' in keys:
connectors = [util.unquote_plus(keys.pop('odbc_connect'))]
else:
def check_quote(token):
if ";" in str(token):
token = "'%s'" % token
return token
keys = dict(
(k, check_quote(v)) for k, v in keys.items()
)
dsn_connection = 'dsn' in keys or \
('host' in keys and 'database' not in keys)
if dsn_connection:
connectors = ['dsn=%s' % (keys.pop('host', '') or
keys.pop('dsn', ''))]
else:
port = ''
if 'port' in keys and 'port' not in query:
port = ',%d' % int(keys.pop('port'))
connectors = []
driver = keys.pop('driver', self.pyodbc_driver_name)
if driver is None:
util.warn(
"No driver name specified; "
"this is expected by PyODBC when using "
"DSN-less connections")
else:
connectors.append("DRIVER={%s}" % driver)
connectors.extend(
[
'Server=%s%s' % (keys.pop('host', ''), port),
'Database=%s' % keys.pop('database', '')
])
user = keys.pop("user", None)
if user:
connectors.append("UID=%s" % user)
connectors.append("PWD=%s" % keys.pop('password', ''))
else:
connectors.append("Trusted_Connection=Yes")
# if set to 'Yes', the ODBC layer will try to automagically
# convert textual data from your database encoding to your
# client encoding. This should obviously be set to 'No' if
# you query a cp1253 encoded database from a latin1 client...
if 'odbc_autotranslate' in keys:
connectors.append("AutoTranslate=%s" %
keys.pop("odbc_autotranslate"))
connectors.extend(['%s=%s' % (k, v) for k, v in keys.items()])
return [[";".join(connectors)], connect_args]
def is_disconnect(self, e, connection, cursor):
if isinstance(e, self.dbapi.ProgrammingError):
return "The cursor's connection has been closed." in str(e) or \
'Attempt to use a closed connection.' in str(e)
elif isinstance(e, self.dbapi.Error):
return '[08S01]' in str(e)
else:
return False
def initialize(self, connection):
# determine FreeTDS first. can't issue SQL easily
# without getting unicode_statements/binds set up.
pyodbc = self.dbapi
dbapi_con = connection.connection
_sql_driver_name = dbapi_con.getinfo(pyodbc.SQL_DRIVER_NAME)
self.freetds = bool(re.match(r".*libtdsodbc.*\.so", _sql_driver_name
))
self.easysoft = bool(re.match(r".*libessqlsrv.*\.so", _sql_driver_name
))
if self.freetds:
self.freetds_driver_version = dbapi_con.getinfo(
pyodbc.SQL_DRIVER_VER)
self.supports_unicode_statements = (
not util.py2k or
(not self.freetds and not self.easysoft)
)
if self._user_supports_unicode_binds is not None:
self.supports_unicode_binds = self._user_supports_unicode_binds
elif util.py2k:
self.supports_unicode_binds = (
not self.freetds or self.freetds_driver_version >= '0.91'
) and not self.easysoft
else:
self.supports_unicode_binds = True
# run other initialization which asks for user name, etc.
super(PyODBCConnector, self).initialize(connection)
def _dbapi_version(self):
if not self.dbapi:
return ()
return self._parse_dbapi_version(self.dbapi.version)
def _parse_dbapi_version(self, vers):
m = re.match(
r'(?:py.*-)?([\d\.]+)(?:-(\w+))?',
vers
)
if not m:
return ()
vers = tuple([int(x) for x in m.group(1).split(".")])
if m.group(2):
vers += (m.group(2),)
return vers
def _get_server_version_info(self, connection):
# NOTE: this function is not reliable, particularly when
# freetds is in use. Implement database-specific server version
# queries.
dbapi_con = connection.connection
version = []
r = re.compile(r'[.\-]')
for n in r.split(dbapi_con.getinfo(self.dbapi.SQL_DBMS_VER)):
try:
version.append(int(n))
except ValueError:
version.append(n)
return tuple(version)

60
sqlalchemy/connectors/zxJDBC.py
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@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
# connectors/zxJDBC.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
import sys
from . import Connector
class ZxJDBCConnector(Connector):
driver = 'zxjdbc'
supports_sane_rowcount = False
supports_sane_multi_rowcount = False
supports_unicode_binds = True
supports_unicode_statements = sys.version > '2.5.0+'
description_encoding = None
default_paramstyle = 'qmark'
jdbc_db_name = None
jdbc_driver_name = None
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
from com.ziclix.python.sql import zxJDBC
return zxJDBC
def _driver_kwargs(self):
"""Return kw arg dict to be sent to connect()."""
return {}
def _create_jdbc_url(self, url):
"""Create a JDBC url from a :class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.url.URL`"""
return 'jdbc:%s://%s%s/%s' % (self.jdbc_db_name, url.host,
url.port is not None
and ':%s' % url.port or '',
url.database)
def create_connect_args(self, url):
opts = self._driver_kwargs()
opts.update(url.query)
return [
[self._create_jdbc_url(url),
url.username, url.password,
self.jdbc_driver_name],
opts]
def is_disconnect(self, e, connection, cursor):
if not isinstance(e, self.dbapi.ProgrammingError):
return False
e = str(e)
return 'connection is closed' in e or 'cursor is closed' in e
def _get_server_version_info(self, connection):
# use connection.connection.dbversion, and parse appropriately
# to get a tuple
raise NotImplementedError()

30
sqlalchemy/databases/__init__.py
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@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
# databases/__init__.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""Include imports from the sqlalchemy.dialects package for backwards
compatibility with pre 0.6 versions.
"""
from ..dialects.sqlite import base as sqlite
from ..dialects.postgresql import base as postgresql
postgres = postgresql
from ..dialects.mysql import base as mysql
from ..dialects.oracle import base as oracle
from ..dialects.firebird import base as firebird
from ..dialects.mssql import base as mssql
from ..dialects.sybase import base as sybase
__all__ = (
'firebird',
'mssql',
'mysql',
'postgresql',
'sqlite',
'oracle',
'sybase',
)

56
sqlalchemy/dialects/__init__.py
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@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
# dialects/__init__.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
__all__ = (
'firebird',
'mssql',
'mysql',
'oracle',
'postgresql',
'sqlite',
'sybase',
)
from .. import util
_translates = {'postgres': 'postgresql'}
def _auto_fn(name):
"""default dialect importer.
plugs into the :class:`.PluginLoader`
as a first-hit system.
"""
if "." in name:
dialect, driver = name.split(".")
else:
dialect = name
driver = "base"
if dialect in _translates:
translated = _translates[dialect]
util.warn_deprecated(
"The '%s' dialect name has been "
"renamed to '%s'" % (dialect, translated)
)
dialect = translated
try:
module = __import__('sqlalchemy.dialects.%s' % (dialect, )).dialects
except ImportError:
return None
module = getattr(module, dialect)
if hasattr(module, driver):
module = getattr(module, driver)
return lambda: module.dialect
else:
return None
registry = util.PluginLoader("sqlalchemy.dialects", auto_fn=_auto_fn)
plugins = util.PluginLoader("sqlalchemy.plugins")

0
sqlalchemy/dialects/access/__init__.py
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418
sqlalchemy/dialects/access/base.py
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@ -1,418 +0,0 @@
# access.py
# Copyright (C) 2007 Paul Johnston, paj@pajhome.org.uk
# Portions derived from jet2sql.py by Matt Keranen, mksql@yahoo.com
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
Support for the Microsoft Access database.
This dialect is *not* ported to SQLAlchemy 0.6.
This dialect is *not* tested on SQLAlchemy 0.6.
"""
from sqlalchemy import sql, schema, types, exc, pool
from sqlalchemy.sql import compiler, expression
from sqlalchemy.engine import default, base, reflection
from sqlalchemy import processors
class AcNumeric(types.Numeric):
def get_col_spec(self):
return "NUMERIC"
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
return processors.to_str
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
return None
class AcFloat(types.Float):
def get_col_spec(self):
return "FLOAT"
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
"""By converting to string, we can use Decimal types round-trip."""
return processors.to_str
class AcInteger(types.Integer):
def get_col_spec(self):
return "INTEGER"
class AcTinyInteger(types.Integer):
def get_col_spec(self):
return "TINYINT"
class AcSmallInteger(types.SmallInteger):
def get_col_spec(self):
return "SMALLINT"
class AcDateTime(types.DateTime):
def __init__(self, *a, **kw):
super(AcDateTime, self).__init__(False)
def get_col_spec(self):
return "DATETIME"
class AcDate(types.Date):
def __init__(self, *a, **kw):
super(AcDate, self).__init__(False)
def get_col_spec(self):
return "DATETIME"
class AcText(types.Text):
def get_col_spec(self):
return "MEMO"
class AcString(types.String):
def get_col_spec(self):
return "TEXT" + (self.length and ("(%d)" % self.length) or "")
class AcUnicode(types.Unicode):
def get_col_spec(self):
return "TEXT" + (self.length and ("(%d)" % self.length) or "")
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
return None
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
return None
class AcChar(types.CHAR):
def get_col_spec(self):
return "TEXT" + (self.length and ("(%d)" % self.length) or "")
class AcBinary(types.LargeBinary):
def get_col_spec(self):
return "BINARY"
class AcBoolean(types.Boolean):
def get_col_spec(self):
return "YESNO"
class AcTimeStamp(types.TIMESTAMP):
def get_col_spec(self):
return "TIMESTAMP"
class AccessExecutionContext(default.DefaultExecutionContext):
def _has_implicit_sequence(self, column):
if column.primary_key and column.autoincrement:
if isinstance(column.type, types.Integer) and not column.foreign_keys:
if column.default is None or (isinstance(column.default, schema.Sequence) and \
column.default.optional):
return True
return False
def post_exec(self):
"""If we inserted into a row with a COUNTER column, fetch the ID"""
if self.compiled.isinsert:
tbl = self.compiled.statement.table
if not hasattr(tbl, 'has_sequence'):
tbl.has_sequence = None
for column in tbl.c:
if getattr(column, 'sequence', False) or self._has_implicit_sequence(column):
tbl.has_sequence = column
break
if bool(tbl.has_sequence):
# TBD: for some reason _last_inserted_ids doesn't exist here
# (but it does at corresponding point in mssql???)
#if not len(self._last_inserted_ids) or self._last_inserted_ids[0] is None:
self.cursor.execute("SELECT @@identity AS lastrowid")
row = self.cursor.fetchone()
self._last_inserted_ids = [int(row[0])] #+ self._last_inserted_ids[1:]
# print "LAST ROW ID", self._last_inserted_ids
super(AccessExecutionContext, self).post_exec()
const, daoEngine = None, None
class AccessDialect(default.DefaultDialect):
colspecs = {
types.Unicode : AcUnicode,
types.Integer : AcInteger,
types.SmallInteger: AcSmallInteger,
types.Numeric : AcNumeric,
types.Float : AcFloat,
types.DateTime : AcDateTime,
types.Date : AcDate,
types.String : AcString,
types.LargeBinary : AcBinary,
types.Boolean : AcBoolean,
types.Text : AcText,
types.CHAR: AcChar,
types.TIMESTAMP: AcTimeStamp,
}
name = 'access'
supports_sane_rowcount = False
supports_sane_multi_rowcount = False
ported_sqla_06 = False
def type_descriptor(self, typeobj):
newobj = types.adapt_type(typeobj, self.colspecs)
return newobj
def __init__(self, **params):
super(AccessDialect, self).__init__(**params)
self.text_as_varchar = False
self._dtbs = None
def dbapi(cls):
import win32com.client, pythoncom
global const, daoEngine
if const is None:
const = win32com.client.constants
for suffix in (".36", ".35", ".30"):
try:
daoEngine = win32com.client.gencache.EnsureDispatch("DAO.DBEngine" + suffix)
break
except pythoncom.com_error:
pass
else:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError("Can't find a DB engine. Check http://support.microsoft.com/kb/239114 for details.")
import pyodbc as module
return module
dbapi = classmethod(dbapi)
def create_connect_args(self, url):
opts = url.translate_connect_args()
connectors = ["Driver={Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)}"]
connectors.append("Dbq=%s" % opts["database"])
user = opts.get("username", None)
if user:
connectors.append("UID=%s" % user)
connectors.append("PWD=%s" % opts.get("password", ""))
return [[";".join(connectors)], {}]
def last_inserted_ids(self):
return self.context.last_inserted_ids
def do_execute(self, cursor, statement, params, **kwargs):
if params == {}:
params = ()
super(AccessDialect, self).do_execute(cursor, statement, params, **kwargs)
def _execute(self, c, statement, parameters):
try:
if parameters == {}:
parameters = ()
c.execute(statement, parameters)
self.context.rowcount = c.rowcount
except Exception, e:
raise exc.DBAPIError.instance(statement, parameters, e)
def has_table(self, connection, tablename, schema=None):
# This approach seems to be more reliable that using DAO
try:
connection.execute('select top 1 * from [%s]' % tablename)
return True
except Exception, e:
return False
def reflecttable(self, connection, table, include_columns):
# This is defined in the function, as it relies on win32com constants,
# that aren't imported until dbapi method is called
if not hasattr(self, 'ischema_names'):
self.ischema_names = {
const.dbByte: AcBinary,
const.dbInteger: AcInteger,
const.dbLong: AcInteger,
const.dbSingle: AcFloat,
const.dbDouble: AcFloat,
const.dbDate: AcDateTime,
const.dbLongBinary: AcBinary,
const.dbMemo: AcText,
const.dbBoolean: AcBoolean,
const.dbText: AcUnicode, # All Access strings are unicode
const.dbCurrency: AcNumeric,
}
# A fresh DAO connection is opened for each reflection
# This is necessary, so we get the latest updates
dtbs = daoEngine.OpenDatabase(connection.engine.url.database)
try:
for tbl in dtbs.TableDefs:
if tbl.Name.lower() == table.name.lower():
break
else:
raise exc.NoSuchTableError(table.name)
for col in tbl.Fields:
coltype = self.ischema_names[col.Type]
if col.Type == const.dbText:
coltype = coltype(col.Size)
colargs = \
{
'nullable': not(col.Required or col.Attributes & const.dbAutoIncrField),
}
default = col.DefaultValue
if col.Attributes & const.dbAutoIncrField:
colargs['default'] = schema.Sequence(col.Name + '_seq')
elif default:
if col.Type == const.dbBoolean:
default = default == 'Yes' and '1' or '0'
colargs['server_default'] = schema.DefaultClause(sql.text(default))
table.append_column(schema.Column(col.Name, coltype, **colargs))
# TBD: check constraints
# Find primary key columns first
for idx in tbl.Indexes:
if idx.Primary:
for col in idx.Fields:
thecol = table.c[col.Name]
table.primary_key.add(thecol)
if isinstance(thecol.type, AcInteger) and \
not (thecol.default and isinstance(thecol.default.arg, schema.Sequence)):
thecol.autoincrement = False
# Then add other indexes
for idx in tbl.Indexes:
if not idx.Primary:
if len(idx.Fields) == 1:
col = table.c[idx.Fields[0].Name]
if not col.primary_key:
col.index = True
col.unique = idx.Unique
else:
pass # TBD: multi-column indexes
for fk in dtbs.Relations:
if fk.ForeignTable != table.name:
continue
scols = [c.ForeignName for c in fk.Fields]
rcols = ['%s.%s' % (fk.Table, c.Name) for c in fk.Fields]
table.append_constraint(schema.ForeignKeyConstraint(scols, rcols, link_to_name=True))
finally:
dtbs.Close()
@reflection.cache
def get_table_names(self, connection, schema=None, **kw):
# A fresh DAO connection is opened for each reflection
# This is necessary, so we get the latest updates
dtbs = daoEngine.OpenDatabase(connection.engine.url.database)
names = [t.Name for t in dtbs.TableDefs if t.Name[:4] != "MSys" and t.Name[:4] != "~TMP"]
dtbs.Close()
return names
class AccessCompiler(compiler.SQLCompiler):
extract_map = compiler.SQLCompiler.extract_map.copy()
extract_map.update ({
'month': 'm',
'day': 'd',
'year': 'yyyy',
'second': 's',
'hour': 'h',
'doy': 'y',
'minute': 'n',
'quarter': 'q',
'dow': 'w',
'week': 'ww'
})
def visit_select_precolumns(self, select):
"""Access puts TOP, it's version of LIMIT here """
s = select.distinct and "DISTINCT " or ""
if select.limit:
s += "TOP %s " % (select.limit)
if select.offset:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError('Access does not support LIMIT with an offset')
return s
def limit_clause(self, select):
"""Limit in access is after the select keyword"""
return ""
def binary_operator_string(self, binary):
"""Access uses "mod" instead of "%" """
return binary.operator == '%' and 'mod' or binary.operator
def label_select_column(self, select, column, asfrom):
if isinstance(column, expression.Function):
return column.label()
else:
return super(AccessCompiler, self).label_select_column(select, column, asfrom)
function_rewrites = {'current_date': 'now',
'current_timestamp': 'now',
'length': 'len',
}
def visit_function(self, func):
"""Access function names differ from the ANSI SQL names; rewrite common ones"""
func.name = self.function_rewrites.get(func.name, func.name)
return super(AccessCompiler, self).visit_function(func)
def for_update_clause(self, select):
"""FOR UPDATE is not supported by Access; silently ignore"""
return ''
# Strip schema
def visit_table(self, table, asfrom=False, **kwargs):
if asfrom:
return self.preparer.quote(table.name, table.quote)
else:
return ""
def visit_join(self, join, asfrom=False, **kwargs):
return (self.process(join.left, asfrom=True) + (join.isouter and " LEFT OUTER JOIN " or " INNER JOIN ") + \
self.process(join.right, asfrom=True) + " ON " + self.process(join.onclause))
def visit_extract(self, extract, **kw):
field = self.extract_map.get(extract.field, extract.field)
return 'DATEPART("%s", %s)' % (field, self.process(extract.expr, **kw))
class AccessDDLCompiler(compiler.DDLCompiler):
def get_column_specification(self, column, **kwargs):
colspec = self.preparer.format_column(column) + " " + column.type.dialect_impl(self.dialect).get_col_spec()
# install a sequence if we have an implicit IDENTITY column
if (not getattr(column.table, 'has_sequence', False)) and column.primary_key and \
column.autoincrement and isinstance(column.type, types.Integer) and not column.foreign_keys:
if column.default is None or (isinstance(column.default, schema.Sequence) and column.default.optional):
column.sequence = schema.Sequence(column.name + '_seq')
if not column.nullable:
colspec += " NOT NULL"
if hasattr(column, 'sequence'):
column.table.has_sequence = column
colspec = self.preparer.format_column(column) + " counter"
else:
default = self.get_column_default_string(column)
if default is not None:
colspec += " DEFAULT " + default
return colspec
def visit_drop_index(self, drop):
index = drop.element
self.append("\nDROP INDEX [%s].[%s]" % (index.table.name, self._validate_identifier(index.name, False)))
class AccessIdentifierPreparer(compiler.IdentifierPreparer):
reserved_words = compiler.RESERVED_WORDS.copy()
reserved_words.update(['value', 'text'])
def __init__(self, dialect):
super(AccessIdentifierPreparer, self).__init__(dialect, initial_quote='[', final_quote=']')
dialect = AccessDialect
dialect.poolclass = pool.SingletonThreadPool
dialect.statement_compiler = AccessCompiler
dialect.ddlcompiler = AccessDDLCompiler
dialect.preparer = AccessIdentifierPreparer
dialect.execution_ctx_cls = AccessExecutionContext

21
sqlalchemy/dialects/firebird/__init__.py
View File

@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
# firebird/__init__.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from sqlalchemy.dialects.firebird import base, kinterbasdb, fdb
base.dialect = fdb.dialect
from sqlalchemy.dialects.firebird.base import \
SMALLINT, BIGINT, FLOAT, FLOAT, DATE, TIME, \
TEXT, NUMERIC, FLOAT, TIMESTAMP, VARCHAR, CHAR, BLOB,\
dialect
__all__ = (
'SMALLINT', 'BIGINT', 'FLOAT', 'FLOAT', 'DATE', 'TIME',
'TEXT', 'NUMERIC', 'FLOAT', 'TIMESTAMP', 'VARCHAR', 'CHAR', 'BLOB',
'dialect'
)

741
sqlalchemy/dialects/firebird/base.py
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@ -1,741 +0,0 @@
# firebird/base.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
r"""
.. dialect:: firebird
:name: Firebird
Firebird Dialects
-----------------
Firebird offers two distinct dialects_ (not to be confused with a
SQLAlchemy ``Dialect``):
dialect 1
This is the old syntax and behaviour, inherited from Interbase pre-6.0.
dialect 3
This is the newer and supported syntax, introduced in Interbase 6.0.
The SQLAlchemy Firebird dialect detects these versions and
adjusts its representation of SQL accordingly. However,
support for dialect 1 is not well tested and probably has
incompatibilities.
Locking Behavior
----------------
Firebird locks tables aggressively. For this reason, a DROP TABLE may
hang until other transactions are released. SQLAlchemy does its best
to release transactions as quickly as possible. The most common cause
of hanging transactions is a non-fully consumed result set, i.e.::
result = engine.execute("select * from table")
row = result.fetchone()
return
Where above, the ``ResultProxy`` has not been fully consumed. The
connection will be returned to the pool and the transactional state
rolled back once the Python garbage collector reclaims the objects
which hold onto the connection, which often occurs asynchronously.
The above use case can be alleviated by calling ``first()`` on the
``ResultProxy`` which will fetch the first row and immediately close
all remaining cursor/connection resources.
RETURNING support
-----------------
Firebird 2.0 supports returning a result set from inserts, and 2.1
extends that to deletes and updates. This is generically exposed by
the SQLAlchemy ``returning()`` method, such as::
# INSERT..RETURNING
result = table.insert().returning(table.c.col1, table.c.col2).\
values(name='foo')
print result.fetchall()
# UPDATE..RETURNING
raises = empl.update().returning(empl.c.id, empl.c.salary).\
where(empl.c.sales>100).\
values(dict(salary=empl.c.salary * 1.1))
print raises.fetchall()
.. _dialects: http://mc-computing.com/Databases/Firebird/SQL_Dialect.html
"""
import datetime
from sqlalchemy import schema as sa_schema
from sqlalchemy import exc, types as sqltypes, sql, util
from sqlalchemy.sql import expression
from sqlalchemy.engine import base, default, reflection
from sqlalchemy.sql import compiler
from sqlalchemy.sql.elements import quoted_name
from sqlalchemy.types import (BIGINT, BLOB, DATE, FLOAT, INTEGER, NUMERIC,
SMALLINT, TEXT, TIME, TIMESTAMP, Integer)
RESERVED_WORDS = set([
"active", "add", "admin", "after", "all", "alter", "and", "any", "as",
"asc", "ascending", "at", "auto", "avg", "before", "begin", "between",
"bigint", "bit_length", "blob", "both", "by", "case", "cast", "char",
"character", "character_length", "char_length", "check", "close",
"collate", "column", "commit", "committed", "computed", "conditional",
"connect", "constraint", "containing", "count", "create", "cross",
"cstring", "current", "current_connection", "current_date",
"current_role", "current_time", "current_timestamp",
"current_transaction", "current_user", "cursor", "database", "date",
"day", "dec", "decimal", "declare", "default", "delete", "desc",
"descending", "disconnect", "distinct", "do", "domain", "double",
"drop", "else", "end", "entry_point", "escape", "exception",
"execute", "exists", "exit", "external", "extract", "fetch", "file",
"filter", "float", "for", "foreign", "from", "full", "function",
"gdscode", "generator", "gen_id", "global", "grant", "group",
"having", "hour", "if", "in", "inactive", "index", "inner",
"input_type", "insensitive", "insert", "int", "integer", "into", "is",
"isolation", "join", "key", "leading", "left", "length", "level",
"like", "long", "lower", "manual", "max", "maximum_segment", "merge",
"min", "minute", "module_name", "month", "names", "national",
"natural", "nchar", "no", "not", "null", "numeric", "octet_length",
"of", "on", "only", "open", "option", "or", "order", "outer",
"output_type", "overflow", "page", "pages", "page_size", "parameter",
"password", "plan", "position", "post_event", "precision", "primary",
"privileges", "procedure", "protected", "rdb$db_key", "read", "real",
"record_version", "recreate", "recursive", "references", "release",
"reserv", "reserving", "retain", "returning_values", "returns",
"revoke", "right", "rollback", "rows", "row_count", "savepoint",
"schema", "second", "segment", "select", "sensitive", "set", "shadow",
"shared", "singular", "size", "smallint", "snapshot", "some", "sort",
"sqlcode", "stability", "start", "starting", "starts", "statistics",
"sub_type", "sum", "suspend", "table", "then", "time", "timestamp",
"to", "trailing", "transaction", "trigger", "trim", "uncommitted",
"union", "unique", "update", "upper", "user", "using", "value",
"values", "varchar", "variable", "varying", "view", "wait", "when",
"where", "while", "with", "work", "write", "year",
])
class _StringType(sqltypes.String):
"""Base for Firebird string types."""
def __init__(self, charset=None, **kw):
self.charset = charset
super(_StringType, self).__init__(**kw)
class VARCHAR(_StringType, sqltypes.VARCHAR):
"""Firebird VARCHAR type"""
__visit_name__ = 'VARCHAR'
def __init__(self, length=None, **kwargs):
super(VARCHAR, self).__init__(length=length, **kwargs)
class CHAR(_StringType, sqltypes.CHAR):
"""Firebird CHAR type"""
__visit_name__ = 'CHAR'
def __init__(self, length=None, **kwargs):
super(CHAR, self).__init__(length=length, **kwargs)
class _FBDateTime(sqltypes.DateTime):
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
def process(value):
if type(value) == datetime.date:
return datetime.datetime(value.year, value.month, value.day)
else:
return value
return process
colspecs = {
sqltypes.DateTime: _FBDateTime
}
ischema_names = {
'SHORT': SMALLINT,
'LONG': INTEGER,
'QUAD': FLOAT,
'FLOAT': FLOAT,
'DATE': DATE,
'TIME': TIME,
'TEXT': TEXT,
'INT64': BIGINT,
'DOUBLE': FLOAT,
'TIMESTAMP': TIMESTAMP,
'VARYING': VARCHAR,
'CSTRING': CHAR,
'BLOB': BLOB,
}
# TODO: date conversion types (should be implemented as _FBDateTime,
# _FBDate, etc. as bind/result functionality is required)
class FBTypeCompiler(compiler.GenericTypeCompiler):
def visit_boolean(self, type_, **kw):
return self.visit_SMALLINT(type_, **kw)
def visit_datetime(self, type_, **kw):
return self.visit_TIMESTAMP(type_, **kw)
def visit_TEXT(self, type_, **kw):
return "BLOB SUB_TYPE 1"
def visit_BLOB(self, type_, **kw):
return "BLOB SUB_TYPE 0"
def _extend_string(self, type_, basic):
charset = getattr(type_, 'charset', None)
if charset is None:
return basic
else:
return '%s CHARACTER SET %s' % (basic, charset)
def visit_CHAR(self, type_, **kw):
basic = super(FBTypeCompiler, self).visit_CHAR(type_, **kw)
return self._extend_string(type_, basic)
def visit_VARCHAR(self, type_, **kw):
if not type_.length:
raise exc.CompileError(
"VARCHAR requires a length on dialect %s" %
self.dialect.name)
basic = super(FBTypeCompiler, self).visit_VARCHAR(type_, **kw)
return self._extend_string(type_, basic)
class FBCompiler(sql.compiler.SQLCompiler):
"""Firebird specific idiosyncrasies"""
ansi_bind_rules = True
# def visit_contains_op_binary(self, binary, operator, **kw):
# cant use CONTAINING b.c. it's case insensitive.
# def visit_notcontains_op_binary(self, binary, operator, **kw):
# cant use NOT CONTAINING b.c. it's case insensitive.
def visit_now_func(self, fn, **kw):
return "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"
def visit_startswith_op_binary(self, binary, operator, **kw):
return '%s STARTING WITH %s' % (
binary.left._compiler_dispatch(self, **kw),
binary.right._compiler_dispatch(self, **kw))
def visit_notstartswith_op_binary(self, binary, operator, **kw):
return '%s NOT STARTING WITH %s' % (
binary.left._compiler_dispatch(self, **kw),
binary.right._compiler_dispatch(self, **kw))
def visit_mod_binary(self, binary, operator, **kw):
return "mod(%s, %s)" % (
self.process(binary.left, **kw),
self.process(binary.right, **kw))
def visit_alias(self, alias, asfrom=False, **kwargs):
if self.dialect._version_two:
return super(FBCompiler, self).\
visit_alias(alias, asfrom=asfrom, **kwargs)
else:
# Override to not use the AS keyword which FB 1.5 does not like
if asfrom:
alias_name = isinstance(alias.name,
expression._truncated_label) and \
self._truncated_identifier("alias",
alias.name) or alias.name
return self.process(
alias.original, asfrom=asfrom, **kwargs) + \
" " + \
self.preparer.format_alias(alias, alias_name)
else:
return self.process(alias.original, **kwargs)
def visit_substring_func(self, func, **kw):
s = self.process(func.clauses.clauses[0])
start = self.process(func.clauses.clauses[1])
if len(func.clauses.clauses) > 2:
length = self.process(func.clauses.clauses[2])
return "SUBSTRING(%s FROM %s FOR %s)" % (s, start, length)
else:
return "SUBSTRING(%s FROM %s)" % (s, start)
def visit_length_func(self, function, **kw):
if self.dialect._version_two:
return "char_length" + self.function_argspec(function)
else:
return "strlen" + self.function_argspec(function)
visit_char_length_func = visit_length_func
def function_argspec(self, func, **kw):
# TODO: this probably will need to be
# narrowed to a fixed list, some no-arg functions
# may require parens - see similar example in the oracle
# dialect
if func.clauses is not None and len(func.clauses):
return self.process(func.clause_expr, **kw)
else:
return ""
def default_from(self):
return " FROM rdb$database"
def visit_sequence(self, seq):
return "gen_id(%s, 1)" % self.preparer.format_sequence(seq)
def get_select_precolumns(self, select, **kw):
"""Called when building a ``SELECT`` statement, position is just
before column list Firebird puts the limit and offset right
after the ``SELECT``...
"""
result = ""
if select._limit_clause is not None:
result += "FIRST %s " % self.process(select._limit_clause, **kw)
if select._offset_clause is not None:
result += "SKIP %s " % self.process(select._offset_clause, **kw)
if select._distinct:
result += "DISTINCT "
return result
def limit_clause(self, select, **kw):
"""Already taken care of in the `get_select_precolumns` method."""
return ""
def returning_clause(self, stmt, returning_cols):
columns = [
self._label_select_column(None, c, True, False, {})
for c in expression._select_iterables(returning_cols)
]
return 'RETURNING ' + ', '.join(columns)
class FBDDLCompiler(sql.compiler.DDLCompiler):
"""Firebird syntactic idiosyncrasies"""
def visit_create_sequence(self, create):
"""Generate a ``CREATE GENERATOR`` statement for the sequence."""
# no syntax for these
# http://www.firebirdsql.org/manual/generatorguide-sqlsyntax.html
if create.element.start is not None:
raise NotImplemented(
"Firebird SEQUENCE doesn't support START WITH")
if create.element.increment is not None:
raise NotImplemented(
"Firebird SEQUENCE doesn't support INCREMENT BY")
if self.dialect._version_two:
return "CREATE SEQUENCE %s" % \
self.preparer.format_sequence(create.element)
else:
return "CREATE GENERATOR %s" % \
self.preparer.format_sequence(create.element)
def visit_drop_sequence(self, drop):
"""Generate a ``DROP GENERATOR`` statement for the sequence."""
if self.dialect._version_two:
return "DROP SEQUENCE %s" % \
self.preparer.format_sequence(drop.element)
else:
return "DROP GENERATOR %s" % \
self.preparer.format_sequence(drop.element)
class FBIdentifierPreparer(sql.compiler.IdentifierPreparer):
"""Install Firebird specific reserved words."""
reserved_words = RESERVED_WORDS
illegal_initial_characters = compiler.ILLEGAL_INITIAL_CHARACTERS.union(
['_'])
def __init__(self, dialect):
super(FBIdentifierPreparer, self).__init__(dialect, omit_schema=True)
class FBExecutionContext(default.DefaultExecutionContext):
def fire_sequence(self, seq, type_):
"""Get the next value from the sequence using ``gen_id()``."""
return self._execute_scalar(
"SELECT gen_id(%s, 1) FROM rdb$database" %
self.dialect.identifier_preparer.format_sequence(seq),
type_
)
class FBDialect(default.DefaultDialect):
"""Firebird dialect"""
name = 'firebird'
max_identifier_length = 31
supports_sequences = True
sequences_optional = False
supports_default_values = True
postfetch_lastrowid = False
supports_native_boolean = False
requires_name_normalize = True
supports_empty_insert = False
statement_compiler = FBCompiler
ddl_compiler = FBDDLCompiler
preparer = FBIdentifierPreparer
type_compiler = FBTypeCompiler
execution_ctx_cls = FBExecutionContext
colspecs = colspecs
ischema_names = ischema_names
construct_arguments = []
# defaults to dialect ver. 3,
# will be autodetected off upon
# first connect
_version_two = True
def initialize(self, connection):
super(FBDialect, self).initialize(connection)
self._version_two = ('firebird' in self.server_version_info and
self.server_version_info >= (2, )
) or \
('interbase' in self.server_version_info and
self.server_version_info >= (6, )
)
if not self._version_two:
# TODO: whatever other pre < 2.0 stuff goes here
self.ischema_names = ischema_names.copy()
self.ischema_names['TIMESTAMP'] = sqltypes.DATE
self.colspecs = {
sqltypes.DateTime: sqltypes.DATE
}
self.implicit_returning = self._version_two and \
self.__dict__.get('implicit_returning', True)
def normalize_name(self, name):
# Remove trailing spaces: FB uses a CHAR() type,
# that is padded with spaces
name = name and name.rstrip()
if name is None:
return None
elif name.upper() == name and \
not self.identifier_preparer._requires_quotes(name.lower()):
return name.lower()
elif name.lower() == name:
return quoted_name(name, quote=True)
else:
return name
def denormalize_name(self, name):
if name is None:
return None
elif name.lower() == name and \
not self.identifier_preparer._requires_quotes(name.lower()):
return name.upper()
else:
return name
def has_table(self, connection, table_name, schema=None):
"""Return ``True`` if the given table exists, ignoring
the `schema`."""
tblqry = """
SELECT 1 AS has_table FROM rdb$database
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT rdb$relation_name
FROM rdb$relations
WHERE rdb$relation_name=?)
"""
c = connection.execute(tblqry, [self.denormalize_name(table_name)])
return c.first() is not None
def has_sequence(self, connection, sequence_name, schema=None):
"""Return ``True`` if the given sequence (generator) exists."""
genqry = """
SELECT 1 AS has_sequence FROM rdb$database
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT rdb$generator_name
FROM rdb$generators
WHERE rdb$generator_name=?)
"""
c = connection.execute(genqry, [self.denormalize_name(sequence_name)])
return c.first() is not None
@reflection.cache
def get_table_names(self, connection, schema=None, **kw):
# there are two queries commonly mentioned for this.
# this one, using view_blr, is at the Firebird FAQ among other places:
# http://www.firebirdfaq.org/faq174/
s = """
select rdb$relation_name
from rdb$relations
where rdb$view_blr is null
and (rdb$system_flag is null or rdb$system_flag = 0);
"""
# the other query is this one. It's not clear if there's really
# any difference between these two. This link:
# http://www.alberton.info/firebird_sql_meta_info.html#.Ur3vXfZGni8
# states them as interchangeable. Some discussion at [ticket:2898]
# SELECT DISTINCT rdb$relation_name
# FROM rdb$relation_fields
# WHERE rdb$system_flag=0 AND rdb$view_context IS NULL
return [self.normalize_name(row[0]) for row in connection.execute(s)]
@reflection.cache
def get_view_names(self, connection, schema=None, **kw):
# see http://www.firebirdfaq.org/faq174/
s = """
select rdb$relation_name
from rdb$relations
where rdb$view_blr is not null
and (rdb$system_flag is null or rdb$system_flag = 0);
"""
return [self.normalize_name(row[0]) for row in connection.execute(s)]
@reflection.cache
def get_view_definition(self, connection, view_name, schema=None, **kw):
qry = """
SELECT rdb$view_source AS view_source
FROM rdb$relations
WHERE rdb$relation_name=?
"""
rp = connection.execute(qry, [self.denormalize_name(view_name)])
row = rp.first()
if row:
return row['view_source']
else:
return None
@reflection.cache
def get_pk_constraint(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
# Query to extract the PK/FK constrained fields of the given table
keyqry = """
SELECT se.rdb$field_name AS fname
FROM rdb$relation_constraints rc
JOIN rdb$index_segments se ON rc.rdb$index_name=se.rdb$index_name
WHERE rc.rdb$constraint_type=? AND rc.rdb$relation_name=?
"""
tablename = self.denormalize_name(table_name)
# get primary key fields
c = connection.execute(keyqry, ["PRIMARY KEY", tablename])
pkfields = [self.normalize_name(r['fname']) for r in c.fetchall()]
return {'constrained_columns': pkfields, 'name': None}
@reflection.cache
def get_column_sequence(self, connection,
table_name, column_name,
schema=None, **kw):
tablename = self.denormalize_name(table_name)
colname = self.denormalize_name(column_name)
# Heuristic-query to determine the generator associated to a PK field
genqry = """
SELECT trigdep.rdb$depended_on_name AS fgenerator
FROM rdb$dependencies tabdep
JOIN rdb$dependencies trigdep
ON tabdep.rdb$dependent_name=trigdep.rdb$dependent_name
AND trigdep.rdb$depended_on_type=14
AND trigdep.rdb$dependent_type=2
JOIN rdb$triggers trig ON
trig.rdb$trigger_name=tabdep.rdb$dependent_name
WHERE tabdep.rdb$depended_on_name=?
AND tabdep.rdb$depended_on_type=0
AND trig.rdb$trigger_type=1
AND tabdep.rdb$field_name=?
AND (SELECT count(*)
FROM rdb$dependencies trigdep2
WHERE trigdep2.rdb$dependent_name = trigdep.rdb$dependent_name) = 2
"""
genr = connection.execute(genqry, [tablename, colname]).first()
if genr is not None:
return dict(name=self.normalize_name(genr['fgenerator']))
@reflection.cache
def get_columns(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
# Query to extract the details of all the fields of the given table
tblqry = """
SELECT r.rdb$field_name AS fname,
r.rdb$null_flag AS null_flag,
t.rdb$type_name AS ftype,
f.rdb$field_sub_type AS stype,
f.rdb$field_length/
COALESCE(cs.rdb$bytes_per_character,1) AS flen,
f.rdb$field_precision AS fprec,
f.rdb$field_scale AS fscale,
COALESCE(r.rdb$default_source,
f.rdb$default_source) AS fdefault
FROM rdb$relation_fields r
JOIN rdb$fields f ON r.rdb$field_source=f.rdb$field_name
JOIN rdb$types t
ON t.rdb$type=f.rdb$field_type AND
t.rdb$field_name='RDB$FIELD_TYPE'
LEFT JOIN rdb$character_sets cs ON
f.rdb$character_set_id=cs.rdb$character_set_id
WHERE f.rdb$system_flag=0 AND r.rdb$relation_name=?
ORDER BY r.rdb$field_position
"""
# get the PK, used to determine the eventual associated sequence
pk_constraint = self.get_pk_constraint(connection, table_name)
pkey_cols = pk_constraint['constrained_columns']
tablename = self.denormalize_name(table_name)
# get all of the fields for this table
c = connection.execute(tblqry, [tablename])
cols = []
while True:
row = c.fetchone()
if row is None:
break
name = self.normalize_name(row['fname'])
orig_colname = row['fname']
# get the data type
colspec = row['ftype'].rstrip()
coltype = self.ischema_names.get(colspec)
if coltype is None:
util.warn("Did not recognize type '%s' of column '%s'" %
(colspec, name))
coltype = sqltypes.NULLTYPE
elif issubclass(coltype, Integer) and row['fprec'] != 0:
coltype = NUMERIC(
precision=row['fprec'],
scale=row['fscale'] * -1)
elif colspec in ('VARYING', 'CSTRING'):
coltype = coltype(row['flen'])
elif colspec == 'TEXT':
coltype = TEXT(row['flen'])
elif colspec == 'BLOB':
if row['stype'] == 1:
coltype = TEXT()
else:
coltype = BLOB()
else:
coltype = coltype()
# does it have a default value?
defvalue = None
if row['fdefault'] is not None:
# the value comes down as "DEFAULT 'value'": there may be
# more than one whitespace around the "DEFAULT" keyword
# and it may also be lower case
# (see also http://tracker.firebirdsql.org/browse/CORE-356)
defexpr = row['fdefault'].lstrip()
assert defexpr[:8].rstrip().upper() == \
'DEFAULT', "Unrecognized default value: %s" % \
defexpr
defvalue = defexpr[8:].strip()
if defvalue == 'NULL':
# Redundant
defvalue = None
col_d = {
'name': name,
'type': coltype,
'nullable': not bool(row['null_flag']),
'default': defvalue,
'autoincrement': 'auto',
}
if orig_colname.lower() == orig_colname:
col_d['quote'] = True
# if the PK is a single field, try to see if its linked to
# a sequence thru a trigger
if len(pkey_cols) == 1 and name == pkey_cols[0]:
seq_d = self.get_column_sequence(connection, tablename, name)
if seq_d is not None:
col_d['sequence'] = seq_d
cols.append(col_d)
return cols
@reflection.cache
def get_foreign_keys(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
# Query to extract the details of each UK/FK of the given table
fkqry = """
SELECT rc.rdb$constraint_name AS cname,
cse.rdb$field_name AS fname,
ix2.rdb$relation_name AS targetrname,
se.rdb$field_name AS targetfname
FROM rdb$relation_constraints rc
JOIN rdb$indices ix1 ON ix1.rdb$index_name=rc.rdb$index_name
JOIN rdb$indices ix2 ON ix2.rdb$index_name=ix1.rdb$foreign_key
JOIN rdb$index_segments cse ON
cse.rdb$index_name=ix1.rdb$index_name
JOIN rdb$index_segments se
ON se.rdb$index_name=ix2.rdb$index_name
AND se.rdb$field_position=cse.rdb$field_position
WHERE rc.rdb$constraint_type=? AND rc.rdb$relation_name=?
ORDER BY se.rdb$index_name, se.rdb$field_position
"""
tablename = self.denormalize_name(table_name)
c = connection.execute(fkqry, ["FOREIGN KEY", tablename])
fks = util.defaultdict(lambda: {
'name': None,
'constrained_columns': [],
'referred_schema': None,
'referred_table': None,
'referred_columns': []
})
for row in c:
cname = self.normalize_name(row['cname'])
fk = fks[cname]
if not fk['name']:
fk['name'] = cname
fk['referred_table'] = self.normalize_name(row['targetrname'])
fk['constrained_columns'].append(
self.normalize_name(row['fname']))
fk['referred_columns'].append(
self.normalize_name(row['targetfname']))
return list(fks.values())
@reflection.cache
def get_indexes(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
qry = """
SELECT ix.rdb$index_name AS index_name,
ix.rdb$unique_flag AS unique_flag,
ic.rdb$field_name AS field_name
FROM rdb$indices ix
JOIN rdb$index_segments ic
ON ix.rdb$index_name=ic.rdb$index_name
LEFT OUTER JOIN rdb$relation_constraints
ON rdb$relation_constraints.rdb$index_name =
ic.rdb$index_name
WHERE ix.rdb$relation_name=? AND ix.rdb$foreign_key IS NULL
AND rdb$relation_constraints.rdb$constraint_type IS NULL
ORDER BY index_name, ic.rdb$field_position
"""
c = connection.execute(qry, [self.denormalize_name(table_name)])
indexes = util.defaultdict(dict)
for row in c:
indexrec = indexes[row['index_name']]
if 'name' not in indexrec:
indexrec['name'] = self.normalize_name(row['index_name'])
indexrec['column_names'] = []
indexrec['unique'] = bool(row['unique_flag'])
indexrec['column_names'].append(
self.normalize_name(row['field_name']))
return list(indexes.values())

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sqlalchemy/dialects/firebird/fdb.py
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# firebird/fdb.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: firebird+fdb
:name: fdb
:dbapi: pyodbc
:connectstring: firebird+fdb://user:password@host:port/path/to/db\
[?key=value&key=value...]
:url: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/fdb/
fdb is a kinterbasdb compatible DBAPI for Firebird.
.. versionadded:: 0.8 - Support for the fdb Firebird driver.
.. versionchanged:: 0.9 - The fdb dialect is now the default dialect
under the ``firebird://`` URL space, as ``fdb`` is now the official
Python driver for Firebird.
Arguments
----------
The ``fdb`` dialect is based on the
:mod:`sqlalchemy.dialects.firebird.kinterbasdb` dialect, however does not
accept every argument that Kinterbasdb does.
* ``enable_rowcount`` - True by default, setting this to False disables
the usage of "cursor.rowcount" with the
Kinterbasdb dialect, which SQLAlchemy ordinarily calls upon automatically
after any UPDATE or DELETE statement. When disabled, SQLAlchemy's
ResultProxy will return -1 for result.rowcount. The rationale here is
that Kinterbasdb requires a second round trip to the database when
.rowcount is called - since SQLA's resultproxy automatically closes
the cursor after a non-result-returning statement, rowcount must be
called, if at all, before the result object is returned. Additionally,
cursor.rowcount may not return correct results with older versions
of Firebird, and setting this flag to False will also cause the
SQLAlchemy ORM to ignore its usage. The behavior can also be controlled on a
per-execution basis using the ``enable_rowcount`` option with
:meth:`.Connection.execution_options`::
conn = engine.connect().execution_options(enable_rowcount=True)
r = conn.execute(stmt)
print r.rowcount
* ``retaining`` - False by default. Setting this to True will pass the
``retaining=True`` keyword argument to the ``.commit()`` and ``.rollback()``
methods of the DBAPI connection, which can improve performance in some
situations, but apparently with significant caveats.
Please read the fdb and/or kinterbasdb DBAPI documentation in order to
understand the implications of this flag.
.. versionadded:: 0.8.2 - ``retaining`` keyword argument specifying
transaction retaining behavior - in 0.8 it defaults to ``True``
for backwards compatibility.
.. versionchanged:: 0.9.0 - the ``retaining`` flag defaults to ``False``.
In 0.8 it defaulted to ``True``.
.. seealso::
http://pythonhosted.org/fdb/usage-guide.html#retaining-transactions
- information on the "retaining" flag.
"""
from .kinterbasdb import FBDialect_kinterbasdb
from ... import util
class FBDialect_fdb(FBDialect_kinterbasdb):
def __init__(self, enable_rowcount=True,
retaining=False, **kwargs):
super(FBDialect_fdb, self).__init__(
enable_rowcount=enable_rowcount,
retaining=retaining, **kwargs)
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
return __import__('fdb')
def create_connect_args(self, url):
opts = url.translate_connect_args(username='user')
if opts.get('port'):
opts['host'] = "%s/%s" % (opts['host'], opts['port'])
del opts['port']
opts.update(url.query)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'type_conv', int)
return ([], opts)
def _get_server_version_info(self, connection):
"""Get the version of the Firebird server used by a connection.
Returns a tuple of (`major`, `minor`, `build`), three integers
representing the version of the attached server.
"""
# This is the simpler approach (the other uses the services api),
# that for backward compatibility reasons returns a string like
# LI-V6.3.3.12981 Firebird 2.0
# where the first version is a fake one resembling the old
# Interbase signature.
isc_info_firebird_version = 103
fbconn = connection.connection
version = fbconn.db_info(isc_info_firebird_version)
return self._parse_version_info(version)
dialect = FBDialect_fdb

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sqlalchemy/dialects/firebird/kinterbasdb.py
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# firebird/kinterbasdb.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: firebird+kinterbasdb
:name: kinterbasdb
:dbapi: kinterbasdb
:connectstring: firebird+kinterbasdb://user:password@host:port/path/to/db\
[?key=value&key=value...]
:url: http://firebirdsql.org/index.php?op=devel&sub=python
Arguments
----------
The Kinterbasdb backend accepts the ``enable_rowcount`` and ``retaining``
arguments accepted by the :mod:`sqlalchemy.dialects.firebird.fdb` dialect.
In addition, it also accepts the following:
* ``type_conv`` - select the kind of mapping done on the types: by default
SQLAlchemy uses 200 with Unicode, datetime and decimal support. See
the linked documents below for further information.
* ``concurrency_level`` - set the backend policy with regards to threading
issues: by default SQLAlchemy uses policy 1. See the linked documents
below for further information.
.. seealso::
http://sourceforge.net/projects/kinterbasdb
http://kinterbasdb.sourceforge.net/dist_docs/usage.html#adv_param_conv_dynamic_type_translation
http://kinterbasdb.sourceforge.net/dist_docs/usage.html#special_issue_concurrency
"""
from .base import FBDialect, FBExecutionContext
from ... import util, types as sqltypes
from re import match
import decimal
class _kinterbasdb_numeric(object):
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
def process(value):
if isinstance(value, decimal.Decimal):
return str(value)
else:
return value
return process
class _FBNumeric_kinterbasdb(_kinterbasdb_numeric, sqltypes.Numeric):
pass
class _FBFloat_kinterbasdb(_kinterbasdb_numeric, sqltypes.Float):
pass
class FBExecutionContext_kinterbasdb(FBExecutionContext):
@property
def rowcount(self):
if self.execution_options.get('enable_rowcount',
self.dialect.enable_rowcount):
return self.cursor.rowcount
else:
return -1
class FBDialect_kinterbasdb(FBDialect):
driver = 'kinterbasdb'
supports_sane_rowcount = False
supports_sane_multi_rowcount = False
execution_ctx_cls = FBExecutionContext_kinterbasdb
supports_native_decimal = True
colspecs = util.update_copy(
FBDialect.colspecs,
{
sqltypes.Numeric: _FBNumeric_kinterbasdb,
sqltypes.Float: _FBFloat_kinterbasdb,
}
)
def __init__(self, type_conv=200, concurrency_level=1,
enable_rowcount=True,
retaining=False, **kwargs):
super(FBDialect_kinterbasdb, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.enable_rowcount = enable_rowcount
self.type_conv = type_conv
self.concurrency_level = concurrency_level
self.retaining = retaining
if enable_rowcount:
self.supports_sane_rowcount = True
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
return __import__('kinterbasdb')
def do_execute(self, cursor, statement, parameters, context=None):
# kinterbase does not accept a None, but wants an empty list
# when there are no arguments.
cursor.execute(statement, parameters or [])
def do_rollback(self, dbapi_connection):
dbapi_connection.rollback(self.retaining)
def do_commit(self, dbapi_connection):
dbapi_connection.commit(self.retaining)
def create_connect_args(self, url):
opts = url.translate_connect_args(username='user')
if opts.get('port'):
opts['host'] = "%s/%s" % (opts['host'], opts['port'])
del opts['port']
opts.update(url.query)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'type_conv', int)
type_conv = opts.pop('type_conv', self.type_conv)
concurrency_level = opts.pop('concurrency_level',
self.concurrency_level)
if self.dbapi is not None:
initialized = getattr(self.dbapi, 'initialized', None)
if initialized is None:
# CVS rev 1.96 changed the name of the attribute:
# http://kinterbasdb.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/kinterbasdb/
# Kinterbasdb-3.0/__init__.py?r1=1.95&r2=1.96
initialized = getattr(self.dbapi, '_initialized', False)
if not initialized:
self.dbapi.init(type_conv=type_conv,
concurrency_level=concurrency_level)
return ([], opts)
def _get_server_version_info(self, connection):
"""Get the version of the Firebird server used by a connection.
Returns a tuple of (`major`, `minor`, `build`), three integers
representing the version of the attached server.
"""
# This is the simpler approach (the other uses the services api),
# that for backward compatibility reasons returns a string like
# LI-V6.3.3.12981 Firebird 2.0
# where the first version is a fake one resembling the old
# Interbase signature.
fbconn = connection.connection
version = fbconn.server_version
return self._parse_version_info(version)
def _parse_version_info(self, version):
m = match(
r'\w+-V(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)( \w+ (\d+)\.(\d+))?', version)
if not m:
raise AssertionError(
"Could not determine version from string '%s'" % version)
if m.group(5) != None:
return tuple([int(x) for x in m.group(6, 7, 4)] + ['firebird'])
else:
return tuple([int(x) for x in m.group(1, 2, 3)] + ['interbase'])
def is_disconnect(self, e, connection, cursor):
if isinstance(e, (self.dbapi.OperationalError,
self.dbapi.ProgrammingError)):
msg = str(e)
return ('Unable to complete network request to host' in msg or
'Invalid connection state' in msg or
'Invalid cursor state' in msg or
'connection shutdown' in msg)
else:
return False
dialect = FBDialect_kinterbasdb

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sqlalchemy/dialects/informix/__init__.py
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from sqlalchemy.dialects.informix import base, informixdb
base.dialect = informixdb.dialect

306
sqlalchemy/dialects/informix/base.py
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@ -1,306 +0,0 @@
# informix.py
# Copyright (C) 2005,2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Michael Bayer mike_mp@zzzcomputing.com
#
# coding: gbk
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""Support for the Informix database.
This dialect is *not* tested on SQLAlchemy 0.6.
"""
import datetime
from sqlalchemy import sql, schema, exc, pool, util
from sqlalchemy.sql import compiler
from sqlalchemy.engine import default, reflection
from sqlalchemy import types as sqltypes
class InfoDateTime(sqltypes.DateTime):
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
def process(value):
if value is not None:
if value.microsecond:
value = value.replace(microsecond=0)
return value
return process
class InfoTime(sqltypes.Time):
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
def process(value):
if value is not None:
if value.microsecond:
value = value.replace(microsecond=0)
return value
return process
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
def process(value):
if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
return value.time()
else:
return value
return process
colspecs = {
sqltypes.DateTime : InfoDateTime,
sqltypes.Time: InfoTime,
}
ischema_names = {
0 : sqltypes.CHAR, # CHAR
1 : sqltypes.SMALLINT, # SMALLINT
2 : sqltypes.INTEGER, # INT
3 : sqltypes.FLOAT, # Float
3 : sqltypes.Float, # SmallFloat
5 : sqltypes.DECIMAL, # DECIMAL
6 : sqltypes.Integer, # Serial
7 : sqltypes.DATE, # DATE
8 : sqltypes.Numeric, # MONEY
10 : sqltypes.DATETIME, # DATETIME
11 : sqltypes.LargeBinary, # BYTE
12 : sqltypes.TEXT, # TEXT
13 : sqltypes.VARCHAR, # VARCHAR
15 : sqltypes.NCHAR, # NCHAR
16 : sqltypes.NVARCHAR, # NVARCHAR
17 : sqltypes.Integer, # INT8
18 : sqltypes.Integer, # Serial8
43 : sqltypes.String, # LVARCHAR
-1 : sqltypes.BLOB, # BLOB
-1 : sqltypes.CLOB, # CLOB
}
class InfoTypeCompiler(compiler.GenericTypeCompiler):
def visit_DATETIME(self, type_):
return "DATETIME YEAR TO SECOND"
def visit_TIME(self, type_):
return "DATETIME HOUR TO SECOND"
def visit_large_binary(self, type_):
return "BYTE"
def visit_boolean(self, type_):
return "SMALLINT"
class InfoSQLCompiler(compiler.SQLCompiler):
def default_from(self):
return " from systables where tabname = 'systables' "
def get_select_precolumns(self, select):
s = select._distinct and "DISTINCT " or ""
# only has limit
if select._limit:
s += " FIRST %s " % select._limit
else:
s += ""
return s
def visit_select(self, select):
# the column in order by clause must in select too
def __label(c):
try:
return c._label.lower()
except:
return ''
# TODO: dont modify the original select, generate a new one
a = [__label(c) for c in select._raw_columns]
for c in select._order_by_clause.clauses:
if __label(c) not in a:
select.append_column(c)
return compiler.SQLCompiler.visit_select(self, select)
def limit_clause(self, select):
if select._offset is not None and select._offset > 0:
raise NotImplementedError("Informix does not support OFFSET")
return ""
def visit_function(self, func):
if func.name.lower() == 'current_date':
return "today"
elif func.name.lower() == 'current_time':
return "CURRENT HOUR TO SECOND"
elif func.name.lower() in ('current_timestamp', 'now'):
return "CURRENT YEAR TO SECOND"
else:
return compiler.SQLCompiler.visit_function(self, func)
class InfoDDLCompiler(compiler.DDLCompiler):
def get_column_specification(self, column, first_pk=False):
colspec = self.preparer.format_column(column)
if column.primary_key and len(column.foreign_keys)==0 and column.autoincrement and \
isinstance(column.type, sqltypes.Integer) and first_pk:
colspec += " SERIAL"
else:
colspec += " " + self.dialect.type_compiler.process(column.type)
default = self.get_column_default_string(column)
if default is not None:
colspec += " DEFAULT " + default
if not column.nullable:
colspec += " NOT NULL"
return colspec
class InfoIdentifierPreparer(compiler.IdentifierPreparer):
def __init__(self, dialect):
super(InfoIdentifierPreparer, self).__init__(dialect, initial_quote="'")
def format_constraint(self, constraint):
# informix doesnt support names for constraints
return ''
def _requires_quotes(self, value):
return False
class InformixDialect(default.DefaultDialect):
name = 'informix'
max_identifier_length = 128 # adjusts at runtime based on server version
type_compiler = InfoTypeCompiler
statement_compiler = InfoSQLCompiler
ddl_compiler = InfoDDLCompiler
preparer = InfoIdentifierPreparer
colspecs = colspecs
ischema_names = ischema_names
def initialize(self, connection):
super(InformixDialect, self).initialize(connection)
# http://www.querix.com/support/knowledge-base/error_number_message/error_200
if self.server_version_info < (9, 2):
self.max_identifier_length = 18
else:
self.max_identifier_length = 128
def do_begin(self, connect):
cu = connect.cursor()
cu.execute('SET LOCK MODE TO WAIT')
#cu.execute('SET ISOLATION TO REPEATABLE READ')
@reflection.cache
def get_table_names(self, connection, schema=None, **kw):
s = "select tabname from systables"
return [row[0] for row in connection.execute(s)]
def has_table(self, connection, table_name, schema=None):
cursor = connection.execute("""select tabname from systables where tabname=?""", table_name.lower())
return cursor.first() is not None
@reflection.cache
def get_columns(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
c = connection.execute ("""select colname , coltype , collength , t3.default , t1.colno from
syscolumns as t1 , systables as t2 , OUTER sysdefaults as t3
where t1.tabid = t2.tabid and t2.tabname=?
and t3.tabid = t2.tabid and t3.colno = t1.colno
order by t1.colno""", table.name.lower())
columns = []
for name, colattr, collength, default, colno in rows:
name = name.lower()
if include_columns and name not in include_columns:
continue
# in 7.31, coltype = 0x000
# ^^-- column type
# ^-- 1 not null, 0 null
nullable, coltype = divmod(colattr, 256)
if coltype not in (0, 13) and default:
default = default.split()[-1]
if coltype == 0 or coltype == 13: # char, varchar
coltype = ischema_names[coltype](collength)
if default:
default = "'%s'" % default
elif coltype == 5: # decimal
precision, scale = (collength & 0xFF00) >> 8, collength & 0xFF
if scale == 255:
scale = 0
coltype = sqltypes.Numeric(precision, scale)
else:
try:
coltype = ischema_names[coltype]
except KeyError:
util.warn("Did not recognize type '%s' of column '%s'" %
(coltype, name))
coltype = sqltypes.NULLTYPE
# TODO: nullability ??
nullable = True
column_info = dict(name=name, type=coltype, nullable=nullable,
default=default)
columns.append(column_info)
return columns
@reflection.cache
def get_foreign_keys(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
# FK
c = connection.execute("""select t1.constrname as cons_name , t1.constrtype as cons_type ,
t4.colname as local_column , t7.tabname as remote_table ,
t6.colname as remote_column
from sysconstraints as t1 , systables as t2 ,
sysindexes as t3 , syscolumns as t4 ,
sysreferences as t5 , syscolumns as t6 , systables as t7 ,
sysconstraints as t8 , sysindexes as t9
where t1.tabid = t2.tabid and t2.tabname=? and t1.constrtype = 'R'
and t3.tabid = t2.tabid and t3.idxname = t1.idxname
and t4.tabid = t2.tabid and t4.colno = t3.part1
and t5.constrid = t1.constrid and t8.constrid = t5.primary
and t6.tabid = t5.ptabid and t6.colno = t9.part1 and t9.idxname = t8.idxname
and t7.tabid = t5.ptabid""", table.name.lower())
def fkey_rec():
return {
'name' : None,
'constrained_columns' : [],
'referred_schema' : None,
'referred_table' : None,
'referred_columns' : []
}
fkeys = util.defaultdict(fkey_rec)
for cons_name, cons_type, local_column, remote_table, remote_column in rows:
rec = fkeys[cons_name]
rec['name'] = cons_name
local_cols, remote_cols = rec['constrained_columns'], rec['referred_columns']
if not rec['referred_table']:
rec['referred_table'] = remote_table
local_cols.append(local_column)
remote_cols.append(remote_column)
return fkeys.values()
@reflection.cache
def get_primary_keys(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
c = connection.execute("""select t4.colname as local_column
from sysconstraints as t1 , systables as t2 ,
sysindexes as t3 , syscolumns as t4
where t1.tabid = t2.tabid and t2.tabname=? and t1.constrtype = 'P'
and t3.tabid = t2.tabid and t3.idxname = t1.idxname
and t4.tabid = t2.tabid and t4.colno = t3.part1""", table.name.lower())
return [r[0] for r in c.fetchall()]
@reflection.cache
def get_indexes(self, connection, table_name, schema, **kw):
# TODO
return []

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from sqlalchemy.dialects.informix.base import InformixDialect
from sqlalchemy.engine import default
class InformixExecutionContext_informixdb(default.DefaultExecutionContext):
def post_exec(self):
if self.isinsert:
self._lastrowid = [self.cursor.sqlerrd[1]]
class InformixDialect_informixdb(InformixDialect):
driver = 'informixdb'
default_paramstyle = 'qmark'
execution_context_cls = InformixExecutionContext_informixdb
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
return __import__('informixdb')
def create_connect_args(self, url):
if url.host:
dsn = '%s@%s' % (url.database, url.host)
else:
dsn = url.database
if url.username:
opt = {'user': url.username, 'password': url.password}
else:
opt = {}
return ([dsn], opt)
def _get_server_version_info(self, connection):
# http://informixdb.sourceforge.net/manual.html#inspecting-version-numbers
vers = connection.dbms_version
# TODO: not tested
return tuple([int(x) for x in vers.split('.')])
def is_disconnect(self, e):
if isinstance(e, self.dbapi.OperationalError):
return 'closed the connection' in str(e) or 'connection not open' in str(e)
else:
return False
dialect = InformixDialect_informixdb

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sqlalchemy/dialects/maxdb/__init__.py
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from sqlalchemy.dialects.maxdb import base, sapdb
base.dialect = sapdb.dialect

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17
sqlalchemy/dialects/maxdb/sapdb.py
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from sqlalchemy.dialects.maxdb.base import MaxDBDialect
class MaxDBDialect_sapdb(MaxDBDialect):
driver = 'sapdb'
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
from sapdb import dbapi as _dbapi
return _dbapi
def create_connect_args(self, url):
opts = url.translate_connect_args(username='user')
opts.update(url.query)
return [], opts
dialect = MaxDBDialect_sapdb

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sqlalchemy/dialects/mssql/__init__.py
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# mssql/__init__.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from sqlalchemy.dialects.mssql import base, pyodbc, adodbapi, \
pymssql, zxjdbc, mxodbc
base.dialect = pyodbc.dialect
from sqlalchemy.dialects.mssql.base import \
INTEGER, BIGINT, SMALLINT, TINYINT, VARCHAR, NVARCHAR, CHAR, \
NCHAR, TEXT, NTEXT, DECIMAL, NUMERIC, FLOAT, DATETIME,\
DATETIME2, DATETIMEOFFSET, DATE, TIME, SMALLDATETIME, \
BINARY, VARBINARY, BIT, REAL, IMAGE, TIMESTAMP,\
MONEY, SMALLMONEY, UNIQUEIDENTIFIER, SQL_VARIANT, dialect
__all__ = (
'INTEGER', 'BIGINT', 'SMALLINT', 'TINYINT', 'VARCHAR', 'NVARCHAR', 'CHAR',
'NCHAR', 'TEXT', 'NTEXT', 'DECIMAL', 'NUMERIC', 'FLOAT', 'DATETIME',
'DATETIME2', 'DATETIMEOFFSET', 'DATE', 'TIME', 'SMALLDATETIME',
'BINARY', 'VARBINARY', 'BIT', 'REAL', 'IMAGE', 'TIMESTAMP',
'MONEY', 'SMALLMONEY', 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER', 'SQL_VARIANT', 'dialect'
)

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sqlalchemy/dialects/mssql/adodbapi.py
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# mssql/adodbapi.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: mssql+adodbapi
:name: adodbapi
:dbapi: adodbapi
:connectstring: mssql+adodbapi://<username>:<password>@<dsnname>
:url: http://adodbapi.sourceforge.net/
.. note::
The adodbapi dialect is not implemented SQLAlchemy versions 0.6 and
above at this time.
"""
import datetime
from sqlalchemy import types as sqltypes, util
from sqlalchemy.dialects.mssql.base import MSDateTime, MSDialect
import sys
class MSDateTime_adodbapi(MSDateTime):
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
def process(value):
# adodbapi will return datetimes with empty time
# values as datetime.date() objects.
# Promote them back to full datetime.datetime()
if type(value) is datetime.date:
return datetime.datetime(value.year, value.month, value.day)
return value
return process
class MSDialect_adodbapi(MSDialect):
supports_sane_rowcount = True
supports_sane_multi_rowcount = True
supports_unicode = sys.maxunicode == 65535
supports_unicode_statements = True
driver = 'adodbapi'
@classmethod
def import_dbapi(cls):
import adodbapi as module
return module
colspecs = util.update_copy(
MSDialect.colspecs,
{
sqltypes.DateTime: MSDateTime_adodbapi
}
)
def create_connect_args(self, url):
def check_quote(token):
if ";" in str(token):
token = "'%s'" % token
return token
keys = dict(
(k, check_quote(v)) for k, v in url.query.items()
)
connectors = ["Provider=SQLOLEDB"]
if 'port' in keys:
connectors.append("Data Source=%s, %s" %
(keys.get("host"), keys.get("port")))
else:
connectors.append("Data Source=%s" % keys.get("host"))
connectors.append("Initial Catalog=%s" % keys.get("database"))
user = keys.get("user")
if user:
connectors.append("User Id=%s" % user)
connectors.append("Password=%s" % keys.get("password", ""))
else:
connectors.append("Integrated Security=SSPI")
return [[";".join(connectors)], {}]
def is_disconnect(self, e, connection, cursor):
return isinstance(e, self.dbapi.adodbapi.DatabaseError) and \
"'connection failure'" in str(e)
dialect = MSDialect_adodbapi

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sqlalchemy/dialects/mssql/base.py
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sqlalchemy/dialects/mssql/information_schema.py
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# mssql/information_schema.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
# TODO: should be using the sys. catalog with SQL Server, not information
# schema
from ... import Table, MetaData, Column
from ...types import String, Unicode, UnicodeText, Integer, TypeDecorator
from ... import cast
from ... import util
from ...sql import expression
from ...ext.compiler import compiles
ischema = MetaData()
class CoerceUnicode(TypeDecorator):
impl = Unicode
def process_bind_param(self, value, dialect):
if util.py2k and isinstance(value, util.binary_type):
value = value.decode(dialect.encoding)
return value
def bind_expression(self, bindvalue):
return _cast_on_2005(bindvalue)
class _cast_on_2005(expression.ColumnElement):
def __init__(self, bindvalue):
self.bindvalue = bindvalue
@compiles(_cast_on_2005)
def _compile(element, compiler, **kw):
from . import base
if compiler.dialect.server_version_info < base.MS_2005_VERSION:
return compiler.process(element.bindvalue, **kw)
else:
return compiler.process(cast(element.bindvalue, Unicode), **kw)
schemata = Table("SCHEMATA", ischema,
Column("CATALOG_NAME", CoerceUnicode, key="catalog_name"),
Column("SCHEMA_NAME", CoerceUnicode, key="schema_name"),
Column("SCHEMA_OWNER", CoerceUnicode, key="schema_owner"),
schema="INFORMATION_SCHEMA")
tables = Table("TABLES", ischema,
Column("TABLE_CATALOG", CoerceUnicode, key="table_catalog"),
Column("TABLE_SCHEMA", CoerceUnicode, key="table_schema"),
Column("TABLE_NAME", CoerceUnicode, key="table_name"),
Column(
"TABLE_TYPE", String(convert_unicode=True),
key="table_type"),
schema="INFORMATION_SCHEMA")
columns = Table("COLUMNS", ischema,
Column("TABLE_SCHEMA", CoerceUnicode, key="table_schema"),
Column("TABLE_NAME", CoerceUnicode, key="table_name"),
Column("COLUMN_NAME", CoerceUnicode, key="column_name"),
Column("IS_NULLABLE", Integer, key="is_nullable"),
Column("DATA_TYPE", String, key="data_type"),
Column("ORDINAL_POSITION", Integer, key="ordinal_position"),
Column("CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH", Integer,
key="character_maximum_length"),
Column("NUMERIC_PRECISION", Integer, key="numeric_precision"),
Column("NUMERIC_SCALE", Integer, key="numeric_scale"),
Column("COLUMN_DEFAULT", Integer, key="column_default"),
Column("COLLATION_NAME", String, key="collation_name"),
schema="INFORMATION_SCHEMA")
constraints = Table("TABLE_CONSTRAINTS", ischema,
Column("TABLE_SCHEMA", CoerceUnicode, key="table_schema"),
Column("TABLE_NAME", CoerceUnicode, key="table_name"),
Column("CONSTRAINT_NAME", CoerceUnicode,
key="constraint_name"),
Column("CONSTRAINT_TYPE", String(
convert_unicode=True), key="constraint_type"),
schema="INFORMATION_SCHEMA")
column_constraints = Table("CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE", ischema,
Column("TABLE_SCHEMA", CoerceUnicode,
key="table_schema"),
Column("TABLE_NAME", CoerceUnicode,
key="table_name"),
Column("COLUMN_NAME", CoerceUnicode,
key="column_name"),
Column("CONSTRAINT_NAME", CoerceUnicode,
key="constraint_name"),
schema="INFORMATION_SCHEMA")
key_constraints = Table("KEY_COLUMN_USAGE", ischema,
Column("TABLE_SCHEMA", CoerceUnicode,
key="table_schema"),
Column("TABLE_NAME", CoerceUnicode,
key="table_name"),
Column("COLUMN_NAME", CoerceUnicode,
key="column_name"),
Column("CONSTRAINT_NAME", CoerceUnicode,
key="constraint_name"),
Column("ORDINAL_POSITION", Integer,
key="ordinal_position"),
schema="INFORMATION_SCHEMA")
ref_constraints = Table("REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS", ischema,
Column("CONSTRAINT_CATALOG", CoerceUnicode,
key="constraint_catalog"),
Column("CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA", CoerceUnicode,
key="constraint_schema"),
Column("CONSTRAINT_NAME", CoerceUnicode,
key="constraint_name"),
# TODO: is CATLOG misspelled ?
Column("UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_CATLOG", CoerceUnicode,
key="unique_constraint_catalog"),
Column("UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA", CoerceUnicode,
key="unique_constraint_schema"),
Column("UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME", CoerceUnicode,
key="unique_constraint_name"),
Column("MATCH_OPTION", String, key="match_option"),
Column("UPDATE_RULE", String, key="update_rule"),
Column("DELETE_RULE", String, key="delete_rule"),
schema="INFORMATION_SCHEMA")
views = Table("VIEWS", ischema,
Column("TABLE_CATALOG", CoerceUnicode, key="table_catalog"),
Column("TABLE_SCHEMA", CoerceUnicode, key="table_schema"),
Column("TABLE_NAME", CoerceUnicode, key="table_name"),
Column("VIEW_DEFINITION", CoerceUnicode, key="view_definition"),
Column("CHECK_OPTION", String, key="check_option"),
Column("IS_UPDATABLE", String, key="is_updatable"),
schema="INFORMATION_SCHEMA")

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sqlalchemy/dialects/mssql/mxodbc.py
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# mssql/mxodbc.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: mssql+mxodbc
:name: mxODBC
:dbapi: mxodbc
:connectstring: mssql+mxodbc://<username>:<password>@<dsnname>
:url: http://www.egenix.com/
Execution Modes
---------------
mxODBC features two styles of statement execution, using the
``cursor.execute()`` and ``cursor.executedirect()`` methods (the second being
an extension to the DBAPI specification). The former makes use of a particular
API call specific to the SQL Server Native Client ODBC driver known
SQLDescribeParam, while the latter does not.
mxODBC apparently only makes repeated use of a single prepared statement
when SQLDescribeParam is used. The advantage to prepared statement reuse is
one of performance. The disadvantage is that SQLDescribeParam has a limited
set of scenarios in which bind parameters are understood, including that they
cannot be placed within the argument lists of function calls, anywhere outside
the FROM, or even within subqueries within the FROM clause - making the usage
of bind parameters within SELECT statements impossible for all but the most
simplistic statements.
For this reason, the mxODBC dialect uses the "native" mode by default only for
INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements, and uses the escaped string mode for
all other statements.
This behavior can be controlled via
:meth:`~sqlalchemy.sql.expression.Executable.execution_options` using the
``native_odbc_execute`` flag with a value of ``True`` or ``False``, where a
value of ``True`` will unconditionally use native bind parameters and a value
of ``False`` will unconditionally use string-escaped parameters.
"""
from ... import types as sqltypes
from ...connectors.mxodbc import MxODBCConnector
from .pyodbc import MSExecutionContext_pyodbc, _MSNumeric_pyodbc
from .base import (MSDialect,
MSSQLStrictCompiler,
VARBINARY,
_MSDateTime, _MSDate, _MSTime)
class _MSNumeric_mxodbc(_MSNumeric_pyodbc):
"""Include pyodbc's numeric processor.
"""
class _MSDate_mxodbc(_MSDate):
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
def process(value):
if value is not None:
return "%s-%s-%s" % (value.year, value.month, value.day)
else:
return None
return process
class _MSTime_mxodbc(_MSTime):
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
def process(value):
if value is not None:
return "%s:%s:%s" % (value.hour, value.minute, value.second)
else:
return None
return process
class _VARBINARY_mxodbc(VARBINARY):
"""
mxODBC Support for VARBINARY column types.
This handles the special case for null VARBINARY values,
which maps None values to the mx.ODBC.Manager.BinaryNull symbol.
"""
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
if dialect.dbapi is None:
return None
DBAPIBinary = dialect.dbapi.Binary
def process(value):
if value is not None:
return DBAPIBinary(value)
else:
# should pull from mx.ODBC.Manager.BinaryNull
return dialect.dbapi.BinaryNull
return process
class MSExecutionContext_mxodbc(MSExecutionContext_pyodbc):
"""
The pyodbc execution context is useful for enabling
SELECT SCOPE_IDENTITY in cases where OUTPUT clause
does not work (tables with insert triggers).
"""
# todo - investigate whether the pyodbc execution context
# is really only being used in cases where OUTPUT
# won't work.
class MSDialect_mxodbc(MxODBCConnector, MSDialect):
# this is only needed if "native ODBC" mode is used,
# which is now disabled by default.
# statement_compiler = MSSQLStrictCompiler
execution_ctx_cls = MSExecutionContext_mxodbc
# flag used by _MSNumeric_mxodbc
_need_decimal_fix = True
colspecs = {
sqltypes.Numeric: _MSNumeric_mxodbc,
sqltypes.DateTime: _MSDateTime,
sqltypes.Date: _MSDate_mxodbc,
sqltypes.Time: _MSTime_mxodbc,
VARBINARY: _VARBINARY_mxodbc,
sqltypes.LargeBinary: _VARBINARY_mxodbc,
}
def __init__(self, description_encoding=None, **params):
super(MSDialect_mxodbc, self).__init__(**params)
self.description_encoding = description_encoding
dialect = MSDialect_mxodbc

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sqlalchemy/dialects/mssql/pymssql.py
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# mssql/pymssql.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: mssql+pymssql
:name: pymssql
:dbapi: pymssql
:connectstring: mssql+pymssql://<username>:<password>@<freetds_name>/?\
charset=utf8
:url: http://pymssql.org/
pymssql is a Python module that provides a Python DBAPI interface around
`FreeTDS <http://www.freetds.org/>`_. Compatible builds are available for
Linux, MacOSX and Windows platforms.
"""
from .base import MSDialect
from ... import types as sqltypes, util, processors
import re
class _MSNumeric_pymssql(sqltypes.Numeric):
def result_processor(self, dialect, type_):
if not self.asdecimal:
return processors.to_float
else:
return sqltypes.Numeric.result_processor(self, dialect, type_)
class MSDialect_pymssql(MSDialect):
supports_sane_rowcount = False
driver = 'pymssql'
colspecs = util.update_copy(
MSDialect.colspecs,
{
sqltypes.Numeric: _MSNumeric_pymssql,
sqltypes.Float: sqltypes.Float,
}
)
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
module = __import__('pymssql')
# pymmsql < 2.1.1 doesn't have a Binary method. we use string
client_ver = tuple(int(x) for x in module.__version__.split("."))
if client_ver < (2, 1, 1):
# TODO: monkeypatching here is less than ideal
module.Binary = lambda x: x if hasattr(x, 'decode') else str(x)
if client_ver < (1, ):
util.warn("The pymssql dialect expects at least "
"the 1.0 series of the pymssql DBAPI.")
return module
def __init__(self, **params):
super(MSDialect_pymssql, self).__init__(**params)
self.use_scope_identity = True
def _get_server_version_info(self, connection):
vers = connection.scalar("select @@version")
m = re.match(
r"Microsoft .*? - (\d+).(\d+).(\d+).(\d+)", vers)
if m:
return tuple(int(x) for x in m.group(1, 2, 3, 4))
else:
return None
def create_connect_args(self, url):
opts = url.translate_connect_args(username='user')
opts.update(url.query)
port = opts.pop('port', None)
if port and 'host' in opts:
opts['host'] = "%s:%s" % (opts['host'], port)
return [[], opts]
def is_disconnect(self, e, connection, cursor):
for msg in (
"Adaptive Server connection timed out",
"Net-Lib error during Connection reset by peer",
"message 20003", # connection timeout
"Error 10054",
"Not connected to any MS SQL server",
"Connection is closed",
"message 20006", # Write to the server failed
"message 20017", # Unexpected EOF from the server
):
if msg in str(e):
return True
else:
return False
dialect = MSDialect_pymssql

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sqlalchemy/dialects/mssql/pyodbc.py
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# mssql/pyodbc.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
r"""
.. dialect:: mssql+pyodbc
:name: PyODBC
:dbapi: pyodbc
:connectstring: mssql+pyodbc://<username>:<password>@<dsnname>
:url: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyodbc/
Connecting to PyODBC
--------------------
The URL here is to be translated to PyODBC connection strings, as
detailed in `ConnectionStrings <https://code.google.com/p/pyodbc/wiki/ConnectionStrings>`_.
DSN Connections
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
A DSN-based connection is **preferred** overall when using ODBC. A
basic DSN-based connection looks like::
engine = create_engine("mssql+pyodbc://scott:tiger@some_dsn")
Which above, will pass the following connection string to PyODBC::
dsn=mydsn;UID=user;PWD=pass
If the username and password are omitted, the DSN form will also add
the ``Trusted_Connection=yes`` directive to the ODBC string.
Hostname Connections
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Hostname-based connections are **not preferred**, however are supported.
The ODBC driver name must be explicitly specified::
engine = create_engine("mssql+pyodbc://scott:tiger@myhost:port/databasename?driver=SQL+Server+Native+Client+10.0")
.. versionchanged:: 1.0.0 Hostname-based PyODBC connections now require the
SQL Server driver name specified explicitly. SQLAlchemy cannot
choose an optimal default here as it varies based on platform
and installed drivers.
Other keywords interpreted by the Pyodbc dialect to be passed to
``pyodbc.connect()`` in both the DSN and hostname cases include:
``odbc_autotranslate``, ``ansi``, ``unicode_results``, ``autocommit``.
Pass through exact Pyodbc string
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
A PyODBC connection string can also be sent exactly as specified in
`ConnectionStrings <https://code.google.com/p/pyodbc/wiki/ConnectionStrings>`_
into the driver using the parameter ``odbc_connect``. The delimeters must be URL escaped, however,
as illustrated below using ``urllib.quote_plus``::
import urllib
params = urllib.quote_plus("DRIVER={SQL Server Native Client 10.0};SERVER=dagger;DATABASE=test;UID=user;PWD=password")
engine = create_engine("mssql+pyodbc:///?odbc_connect=%s" % params)
Unicode Binds
-------------
The current state of PyODBC on a unix backend with FreeTDS and/or
EasySoft is poor regarding unicode; different OS platforms and versions of
UnixODBC versus IODBC versus FreeTDS/EasySoft versus PyODBC itself
dramatically alter how strings are received. The PyODBC dialect attempts to
use all the information it knows to determine whether or not a Python unicode
literal can be passed directly to the PyODBC driver or not; while SQLAlchemy
can encode these to bytestrings first, some users have reported that PyODBC
mis-handles bytestrings for certain encodings and requires a Python unicode
object, while the author has observed widespread cases where a Python unicode
is completely misinterpreted by PyODBC, particularly when dealing with
the information schema tables used in table reflection, and the value
must first be encoded to a bytestring.
It is for this reason that whether or not unicode literals for bound
parameters be sent to PyODBC can be controlled using the
``supports_unicode_binds`` parameter to ``create_engine()``. When
left at its default of ``None``, the PyODBC dialect will use its
best guess as to whether or not the driver deals with unicode literals
well. When ``False``, unicode literals will be encoded first, and when
``True`` unicode literals will be passed straight through. This is an interim
flag that hopefully should not be needed when the unicode situation stabilizes
for unix + PyODBC.
.. versionadded:: 0.7.7
``supports_unicode_binds`` parameter to ``create_engine()``\ .
Rowcount Support
----------------
Pyodbc only has partial support for rowcount. See the notes at
:ref:`mssql_rowcount_versioning` for important notes when using ORM
versioning.
"""
from .base import MSExecutionContext, MSDialect, VARBINARY
from ...connectors.pyodbc import PyODBCConnector
from ... import types as sqltypes, util, exc
import decimal
import re
class _ms_numeric_pyodbc(object):
"""Turns Decimals with adjusted() < 0 or > 7 into strings.
The routines here are needed for older pyodbc versions
as well as current mxODBC versions.
"""
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
super_process = super(_ms_numeric_pyodbc, self).\
bind_processor(dialect)
if not dialect._need_decimal_fix:
return super_process
def process(value):
if self.asdecimal and \
isinstance(value, decimal.Decimal):
adjusted = value.adjusted()
if adjusted < 0:
return self._small_dec_to_string(value)
elif adjusted > 7:
return self._large_dec_to_string(value)
if super_process:
return super_process(value)
else:
return value
return process
# these routines needed for older versions of pyodbc.
# as of 2.1.8 this logic is integrated.
def _small_dec_to_string(self, value):
return "%s0.%s%s" % (
(value < 0 and '-' or ''),
'0' * (abs(value.adjusted()) - 1),
"".join([str(nint) for nint in value.as_tuple()[1]]))
def _large_dec_to_string(self, value):
_int = value.as_tuple()[1]
if 'E' in str(value):
result = "%s%s%s" % (
(value < 0 and '-' or ''),
"".join([str(s) for s in _int]),
"0" * (value.adjusted() - (len(_int) - 1)))
else:
if (len(_int) - 1) > value.adjusted():
result = "%s%s.%s" % (
(value < 0 and '-' or ''),
"".join(
[str(s) for s in _int][0:value.adjusted() + 1]),
"".join(
[str(s) for s in _int][value.adjusted() + 1:]))
else:
result = "%s%s" % (
(value < 0 and '-' or ''),
"".join(
[str(s) for s in _int][0:value.adjusted() + 1]))
return result
class _MSNumeric_pyodbc(_ms_numeric_pyodbc, sqltypes.Numeric):
pass
class _MSFloat_pyodbc(_ms_numeric_pyodbc, sqltypes.Float):
pass
class _VARBINARY_pyodbc(VARBINARY):
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
if dialect.dbapi is None:
return None
DBAPIBinary = dialect.dbapi.Binary
def process(value):
if value is not None:
return DBAPIBinary(value)
else:
# pyodbc-specific
return dialect.dbapi.BinaryNull
return process
class MSExecutionContext_pyodbc(MSExecutionContext):
_embedded_scope_identity = False
def pre_exec(self):
"""where appropriate, issue "select scope_identity()" in the same
statement.
Background on why "scope_identity()" is preferable to "@@identity":
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190315.aspx
Background on why we attempt to embed "scope_identity()" into the same
statement as the INSERT:
http://code.google.com/p/pyodbc/wiki/FAQs#How_do_I_retrieve_autogenerated/identity_values?
"""
super(MSExecutionContext_pyodbc, self).pre_exec()
# don't embed the scope_identity select into an
# "INSERT .. DEFAULT VALUES"
if self._select_lastrowid and \
self.dialect.use_scope_identity and \
len(self.parameters[0]):
self._embedded_scope_identity = True
self.statement += "; select scope_identity()"
def post_exec(self):
if self._embedded_scope_identity:
# Fetch the last inserted id from the manipulated statement
# We may have to skip over a number of result sets with
# no data (due to triggers, etc.)
while True:
try:
# fetchall() ensures the cursor is consumed
# without closing it (FreeTDS particularly)
row = self.cursor.fetchall()[0]
break
except self.dialect.dbapi.Error as e:
# no way around this - nextset() consumes the previous set
# so we need to just keep flipping
self.cursor.nextset()
self._lastrowid = int(row[0])
else:
super(MSExecutionContext_pyodbc, self).post_exec()
class MSDialect_pyodbc(PyODBCConnector, MSDialect):
execution_ctx_cls = MSExecutionContext_pyodbc
colspecs = util.update_copy(
MSDialect.colspecs,
{
sqltypes.Numeric: _MSNumeric_pyodbc,
sqltypes.Float: _MSFloat_pyodbc,
VARBINARY: _VARBINARY_pyodbc,
sqltypes.LargeBinary: _VARBINARY_pyodbc,
}
)
def __init__(self, description_encoding=None, **params):
if 'description_encoding' in params:
self.description_encoding = params.pop('description_encoding')
super(MSDialect_pyodbc, self).__init__(**params)
self.use_scope_identity = self.use_scope_identity and \
self.dbapi and \
hasattr(self.dbapi.Cursor, 'nextset')
self._need_decimal_fix = self.dbapi and \
self._dbapi_version() < (2, 1, 8)
def _get_server_version_info(self, connection):
try:
raw = connection.scalar("SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('ProductVersion')")
except exc.DBAPIError:
# SQL Server docs indicate this function isn't present prior to
# 2008; additionally, unknown combinations of pyodbc aren't
# able to run this query.
return super(MSDialect_pyodbc, self).\
_get_server_version_info(connection)
else:
version = []
r = re.compile(r'[.\-]')
for n in r.split(raw):
try:
version.append(int(n))
except ValueError:
version.append(n)
return tuple(version)
dialect = MSDialect_pyodbc

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sqlalchemy/dialects/mssql/zxjdbc.py
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# mssql/zxjdbc.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: mssql+zxjdbc
:name: zxJDBC for Jython
:dbapi: zxjdbc
:connectstring: mssql+zxjdbc://user:pass@host:port/dbname\
[?key=value&key=value...]
:driverurl: http://jtds.sourceforge.net/
.. note:: Jython is not supported by current versions of SQLAlchemy. The
zxjdbc dialect should be considered as experimental.
"""
from ...connectors.zxJDBC import ZxJDBCConnector
from .base import MSDialect, MSExecutionContext
from ... import engine
class MSExecutionContext_zxjdbc(MSExecutionContext):
_embedded_scope_identity = False
def pre_exec(self):
super(MSExecutionContext_zxjdbc, self).pre_exec()
# scope_identity after the fact returns null in jTDS so we must
# embed it
if self._select_lastrowid and self.dialect.use_scope_identity:
self._embedded_scope_identity = True
self.statement += "; SELECT scope_identity()"
def post_exec(self):
if self._embedded_scope_identity:
while True:
try:
row = self.cursor.fetchall()[0]
break
except self.dialect.dbapi.Error:
self.cursor.nextset()
self._lastrowid = int(row[0])
if (self.isinsert or self.isupdate or self.isdelete) and \
self.compiled.returning:
self._result_proxy = engine.FullyBufferedResultProxy(self)
if self._enable_identity_insert:
table = self.dialect.identifier_preparer.format_table(
self.compiled.statement.table)
self.cursor.execute("SET IDENTITY_INSERT %s OFF" % table)
class MSDialect_zxjdbc(ZxJDBCConnector, MSDialect):
jdbc_db_name = 'jtds:sqlserver'
jdbc_driver_name = 'net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.Driver'
execution_ctx_cls = MSExecutionContext_zxjdbc
def _get_server_version_info(self, connection):
return tuple(
int(x)
for x in connection.connection.dbversion.split('.')
)
dialect = MSDialect_zxjdbc

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# mysql/__init__.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from . import base, mysqldb, oursql, \
pyodbc, zxjdbc, mysqlconnector, pymysql,\
gaerdbms, cymysql
# default dialect
base.dialect = mysqldb.dialect
from .base import \
BIGINT, BINARY, BIT, BLOB, BOOLEAN, CHAR, DATE, DATETIME, \
DECIMAL, DOUBLE, ENUM, DECIMAL,\
FLOAT, INTEGER, INTEGER, JSON, LONGBLOB, LONGTEXT, MEDIUMBLOB, \
MEDIUMINT, MEDIUMTEXT, NCHAR, \
NVARCHAR, NUMERIC, SET, SMALLINT, REAL, TEXT, TIME, TIMESTAMP, \
TINYBLOB, TINYINT, TINYTEXT,\
VARBINARY, VARCHAR, YEAR, dialect
__all__ = (
'BIGINT', 'BINARY', 'BIT', 'BLOB', 'BOOLEAN', 'CHAR', 'DATE', 'DATETIME',
'DECIMAL', 'DOUBLE', 'ENUM', 'DECIMAL', 'FLOAT', 'INTEGER', 'INTEGER',
'JSON', 'LONGBLOB', 'LONGTEXT', 'MEDIUMBLOB', 'MEDIUMINT', 'MEDIUMTEXT',
'NCHAR', 'NVARCHAR', 'NUMERIC', 'SET', 'SMALLINT', 'REAL', 'TEXT', 'TIME',
'TIMESTAMP', 'TINYBLOB', 'TINYINT', 'TINYTEXT', 'VARBINARY', 'VARCHAR',
'YEAR', 'dialect'
)

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# mysql/cymysql.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: mysql+cymysql
:name: CyMySQL
:dbapi: cymysql
:connectstring: mysql+cymysql://<username>:<password>@<host>/<dbname>\
[?<options>]
:url: https://github.com/nakagami/CyMySQL
"""
import re
from .mysqldb import MySQLDialect_mysqldb
from .base import (BIT, MySQLDialect)
from ... import util
class _cymysqlBIT(BIT):
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
"""Convert a MySQL's 64 bit, variable length binary string to a long.
"""
def process(value):
if value is not None:
v = 0
for i in util.iterbytes(value):
v = v << 8 | i
return v
return value
return process
class MySQLDialect_cymysql(MySQLDialect_mysqldb):
driver = 'cymysql'
description_encoding = None
supports_sane_rowcount = True
supports_sane_multi_rowcount = False
supports_unicode_statements = True
colspecs = util.update_copy(
MySQLDialect.colspecs,
{
BIT: _cymysqlBIT,
}
)
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
return __import__('cymysql')
def _get_server_version_info(self, connection):
dbapi_con = connection.connection
version = []
r = re.compile(r'[.\-]')
for n in r.split(dbapi_con.server_version):
try:
version.append(int(n))
except ValueError:
version.append(n)
return tuple(version)
def _detect_charset(self, connection):
return connection.connection.charset
def _extract_error_code(self, exception):
return exception.errno
def is_disconnect(self, e, connection, cursor):
if isinstance(e, self.dbapi.OperationalError):
return self._extract_error_code(e) in \
(2006, 2013, 2014, 2045, 2055)
elif isinstance(e, self.dbapi.InterfaceError):
# if underlying connection is closed,
# this is the error you get
return True
else:
return False
dialect = MySQLDialect_cymysql

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# mysql/enumerated.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
import re
from .types import _StringType
from ... import exc, sql, util
from ... import types as sqltypes
class _EnumeratedValues(_StringType):
def _init_values(self, values, kw):
self.quoting = kw.pop('quoting', 'auto')
if self.quoting == 'auto' and len(values):
# What quoting character are we using?
q = None
for e in values:
if len(e) == 0:
self.quoting = 'unquoted'
break
elif q is None:
q = e[0]
if len(e) == 1 or e[0] != q or e[-1] != q:
self.quoting = 'unquoted'
break
else:
self.quoting = 'quoted'
if self.quoting == 'quoted':
util.warn_deprecated(
'Manually quoting %s value literals is deprecated. Supply '
'unquoted values and use the quoting= option in cases of '
'ambiguity.' % self.__class__.__name__)
values = self._strip_values(values)
self._enumerated_values = values
length = max([len(v) for v in values] + [0])
return values, length
@classmethod
def _strip_values(cls, values):
strip_values = []
for a in values:
if a[0:1] == '"' or a[0:1] == "'":
# strip enclosing quotes and unquote interior
a = a[1:-1].replace(a[0] * 2, a[0])
strip_values.append(a)
return strip_values
class ENUM(sqltypes.Enum, _EnumeratedValues):
"""MySQL ENUM type."""
__visit_name__ = 'ENUM'
def __init__(self, *enums, **kw):
"""Construct an ENUM.
E.g.::
Column('myenum', ENUM("foo", "bar", "baz"))
:param enums: The range of valid values for this ENUM. Values will be
quoted when generating the schema according to the quoting flag (see
below). This object may also be a PEP-435-compliant enumerated
type.
.. versionadded: 1.1 added support for PEP-435-compliant enumerated
types.
:param strict: This flag has no effect.
.. versionchanged:: The MySQL ENUM type as well as the base Enum
type now validates all Python data values.
:param charset: Optional, a column-level character set for this string
value. Takes precedence to 'ascii' or 'unicode' short-hand.
:param collation: Optional, a column-level collation for this string
value. Takes precedence to 'binary' short-hand.
:param ascii: Defaults to False: short-hand for the ``latin1``
character set, generates ASCII in schema.
:param unicode: Defaults to False: short-hand for the ``ucs2``
character set, generates UNICODE in schema.
:param binary: Defaults to False: short-hand, pick the binary
collation type that matches the column's character set. Generates
BINARY in schema. This does not affect the type of data stored,
only the collation of character data.
:param quoting: Defaults to 'auto': automatically determine enum value
quoting. If all enum values are surrounded by the same quoting
character, then use 'quoted' mode. Otherwise, use 'unquoted' mode.
'quoted': values in enums are already quoted, they will be used
directly when generating the schema - this usage is deprecated.
'unquoted': values in enums are not quoted, they will be escaped and
surrounded by single quotes when generating the schema.
Previous versions of this type always required manually quoted
values to be supplied; future versions will always quote the string
literals for you. This is a transitional option.
"""
kw.pop('strict', None)
validate_strings = kw.pop("validate_strings", False)
sqltypes.Enum.__init__(
self, validate_strings=validate_strings, *enums)
kw.pop('metadata', None)
kw.pop('schema', None)
kw.pop('name', None)
kw.pop('quote', None)
kw.pop('native_enum', None)
kw.pop('inherit_schema', None)
kw.pop('_create_events', None)
_StringType.__init__(self, length=self.length, **kw)
def _setup_for_values(self, values, objects, kw):
values, length = self._init_values(values, kw)
return sqltypes.Enum._setup_for_values(self, values, objects, kw)
def _object_value_for_elem(self, elem):
# mysql sends back a blank string for any value that
# was persisted that was not in the enums; that is, it does no
# validation on the incoming data, it "truncates" it to be
# the blank string. Return it straight.
if elem == "":
return elem
else:
return super(ENUM, self)._object_value_for_elem(elem)
def __repr__(self):
return util.generic_repr(
self, to_inspect=[ENUM, _StringType, sqltypes.Enum])
def adapt(self, cls, **kw):
return sqltypes.Enum.adapt(self, cls, **kw)
class SET(_EnumeratedValues):
"""MySQL SET type."""
__visit_name__ = 'SET'
def __init__(self, *values, **kw):
"""Construct a SET.
E.g.::
Column('myset', SET("foo", "bar", "baz"))
The list of potential values is required in the case that this
set will be used to generate DDL for a table, or if the
:paramref:`.SET.retrieve_as_bitwise` flag is set to True.
:param values: The range of valid values for this SET.
:param convert_unicode: Same flag as that of
:paramref:`.String.convert_unicode`.
:param collation: same as that of :paramref:`.String.collation`
:param charset: same as that of :paramref:`.VARCHAR.charset`.
:param ascii: same as that of :paramref:`.VARCHAR.ascii`.
:param unicode: same as that of :paramref:`.VARCHAR.unicode`.
:param binary: same as that of :paramref:`.VARCHAR.binary`.
:param quoting: Defaults to 'auto': automatically determine set value
quoting. If all values are surrounded by the same quoting
character, then use 'quoted' mode. Otherwise, use 'unquoted' mode.
'quoted': values in enums are already quoted, they will be used
directly when generating the schema - this usage is deprecated.
'unquoted': values in enums are not quoted, they will be escaped and
surrounded by single quotes when generating the schema.
Previous versions of this type always required manually quoted
values to be supplied; future versions will always quote the string
literals for you. This is a transitional option.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.0
:param retrieve_as_bitwise: if True, the data for the set type will be
persisted and selected using an integer value, where a set is coerced
into a bitwise mask for persistence. MySQL allows this mode which
has the advantage of being able to store values unambiguously,
such as the blank string ``''``. The datatype will appear
as the expression ``col + 0`` in a SELECT statement, so that the
value is coerced into an integer value in result sets.
This flag is required if one wishes
to persist a set that can store the blank string ``''`` as a value.
.. warning::
When using :paramref:`.mysql.SET.retrieve_as_bitwise`, it is
essential that the list of set values is expressed in the
**exact same order** as exists on the MySQL database.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.0
"""
self.retrieve_as_bitwise = kw.pop('retrieve_as_bitwise', False)
values, length = self._init_values(values, kw)
self.values = tuple(values)
if not self.retrieve_as_bitwise and '' in values:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Can't use the blank value '' in a SET without "
"setting retrieve_as_bitwise=True")
if self.retrieve_as_bitwise:
self._bitmap = dict(
(value, 2 ** idx)
for idx, value in enumerate(self.values)
)
self._bitmap.update(
(2 ** idx, value)
for idx, value in enumerate(self.values)
)
kw.setdefault('length', length)
super(SET, self).__init__(**kw)
def column_expression(self, colexpr):
if self.retrieve_as_bitwise:
return sql.type_coerce(
sql.type_coerce(colexpr, sqltypes.Integer) + 0,
self
)
else:
return colexpr
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if self.retrieve_as_bitwise:
def process(value):
if value is not None:
value = int(value)
return set(
util.map_bits(self._bitmap.__getitem__, value)
)
else:
return None
else:
super_convert = super(SET, self).result_processor(dialect, coltype)
def process(value):
if isinstance(value, util.string_types):
# MySQLdb returns a string, let's parse
if super_convert:
value = super_convert(value)
return set(re.findall(r'[^,]+', value))
else:
# mysql-connector-python does a naive
# split(",") which throws in an empty string
if value is not None:
value.discard('')
return value
return process
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
super_convert = super(SET, self).bind_processor(dialect)
if self.retrieve_as_bitwise:
def process(value):
if value is None:
return None
elif isinstance(value, util.int_types + util.string_types):
if super_convert:
return super_convert(value)
else:
return value
else:
int_value = 0
for v in value:
int_value |= self._bitmap[v]
return int_value
else:
def process(value):
# accept strings and int (actually bitflag) values directly
if value is not None and not isinstance(
value, util.int_types + util.string_types):
value = ",".join(value)
if super_convert:
return super_convert(value)
else:
return value
return process
def adapt(self, impltype, **kw):
kw['retrieve_as_bitwise'] = self.retrieve_as_bitwise
return util.constructor_copy(
self, impltype,
*self.values,
**kw
)

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# mysql/gaerdbms.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: mysql+gaerdbms
:name: Google Cloud SQL
:dbapi: rdbms
:connectstring: mysql+gaerdbms:///<dbname>?instance=<instancename>
:url: https://developers.google.com/appengine/docs/python/cloud-sql/\
developers-guide
This dialect is based primarily on the :mod:`.mysql.mysqldb` dialect with
minimal changes.
.. versionadded:: 0.7.8
.. deprecated:: 1.0 This dialect is **no longer necessary** for
Google Cloud SQL; the MySQLdb dialect can be used directly.
Cloud SQL now recommends creating connections via the
mysql dialect using the URL format
``mysql+mysqldb://root@/<dbname>?unix_socket=/cloudsql/<projectid>:<instancename>``
Pooling
-------
Google App Engine connections appear to be randomly recycled,
so the dialect does not pool connections. The :class:`.NullPool`
implementation is installed within the :class:`.Engine` by
default.
"""
import os
from .mysqldb import MySQLDialect_mysqldb
from ...pool import NullPool
import re
from sqlalchemy.util import warn_deprecated
def _is_dev_environment():
return os.environ.get('SERVER_SOFTWARE', '').startswith('Development/')
class MySQLDialect_gaerdbms(MySQLDialect_mysqldb):
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
warn_deprecated(
"Google Cloud SQL now recommends creating connections via the "
"MySQLdb dialect directly, using the URL format "
"mysql+mysqldb://root@/<dbname>?unix_socket=/cloudsql/"
"<projectid>:<instancename>"
)
# from django:
# http://code.google.com/p/googleappengine/source/
# browse/trunk/python/google/storage/speckle/
# python/django/backend/base.py#118
# see also [ticket:2649]
# see also http://stackoverflow.com/q/14224679/34549
from google.appengine.api import apiproxy_stub_map
if _is_dev_environment():
from google.appengine.api import rdbms_mysqldb
return rdbms_mysqldb
elif apiproxy_stub_map.apiproxy.GetStub('rdbms'):
from google.storage.speckle.python.api import rdbms_apiproxy
return rdbms_apiproxy
else:
from google.storage.speckle.python.api import rdbms_googleapi
return rdbms_googleapi
@classmethod
def get_pool_class(cls, url):
# Cloud SQL connections die at any moment
return NullPool
def create_connect_args(self, url):
opts = url.translate_connect_args()
if not _is_dev_environment():
# 'dsn' and 'instance' are because we are skipping
# the traditional google.api.rdbms wrapper
opts['dsn'] = ''
opts['instance'] = url.query['instance']
return [], opts
def _extract_error_code(self, exception):
match = re.compile(r"^(\d+)L?:|^\((\d+)L?,").match(str(exception))
# The rdbms api will wrap then re-raise some types of errors
# making this regex return no matches.
code = match.group(1) or match.group(2) if match else None
if code:
return int(code)
dialect = MySQLDialect_gaerdbms

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# mysql/json.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from __future__ import absolute_import
import json
from ...sql import elements
from ... import types as sqltypes
from ... import util
class JSON(sqltypes.JSON):
"""MySQL JSON type.
MySQL supports JSON as of version 5.7. Note that MariaDB does **not**
support JSON at the time of this writing.
The :class:`.mysql.JSON` type supports persistence of JSON values
as well as the core index operations provided by :class:`.types.JSON`
datatype, by adapting the operations to render the ``JSON_EXTRACT``
function at the database level.
.. versionadded:: 1.1
"""
pass
class _FormatTypeMixin(object):
def _format_value(self, value):
raise NotImplementedError()
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
super_proc = self.string_bind_processor(dialect)
def process(value):
value = self._format_value(value)
if super_proc:
value = super_proc(value)
return value
return process
def literal_processor(self, dialect):
super_proc = self.string_literal_processor(dialect)
def process(value):
value = self._format_value(value)
if super_proc:
value = super_proc(value)
return value
return process
class JSONIndexType(_FormatTypeMixin, sqltypes.JSON.JSONIndexType):
def _format_value(self, value):
if isinstance(value, int):
value = "$[%s]" % value
else:
value = '$."%s"' % value
return value
class JSONPathType(_FormatTypeMixin, sqltypes.JSON.JSONPathType):
def _format_value(self, value):
return "$%s" % (
"".join([
"[%s]" % elem if isinstance(elem, int)
else '."%s"' % elem for elem in value
])
)

203
sqlalchemy/dialects/mysql/mysqlconnector.py
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@ -1,203 +0,0 @@
# mysql/mysqlconnector.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: mysql+mysqlconnector
:name: MySQL Connector/Python
:dbapi: myconnpy
:connectstring: mysql+mysqlconnector://<user>:<password>@\
<host>[:<port>]/<dbname>
:url: http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/python/
Unicode
-------
Please see :ref:`mysql_unicode` for current recommendations on unicode
handling.
"""
from .base import (MySQLDialect, MySQLExecutionContext,
MySQLCompiler, MySQLIdentifierPreparer,
BIT)
from ... import util
import re
class MySQLExecutionContext_mysqlconnector(MySQLExecutionContext):
def get_lastrowid(self):
return self.cursor.lastrowid
class MySQLCompiler_mysqlconnector(MySQLCompiler):
def visit_mod_binary(self, binary, operator, **kw):
if self.dialect._mysqlconnector_double_percents:
return self.process(binary.left, **kw) + " %% " + \
self.process(binary.right, **kw)
else:
return self.process(binary.left, **kw) + " % " + \
self.process(binary.right, **kw)
def post_process_text(self, text):
if self.dialect._mysqlconnector_double_percents:
return text.replace('%', '%%')
else:
return text
def escape_literal_column(self, text):
if self.dialect._mysqlconnector_double_percents:
return text.replace('%', '%%')
else:
return text
class MySQLIdentifierPreparer_mysqlconnector(MySQLIdentifierPreparer):
def _escape_identifier(self, value):
value = value.replace(self.escape_quote, self.escape_to_quote)
if self.dialect._mysqlconnector_double_percents:
return value.replace("%", "%%")
else:
return value
class _myconnpyBIT(BIT):
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
"""MySQL-connector already converts mysql bits, so."""
return None
class MySQLDialect_mysqlconnector(MySQLDialect):
driver = 'mysqlconnector'
supports_unicode_binds = True
supports_sane_rowcount = True
supports_sane_multi_rowcount = True
supports_native_decimal = True
default_paramstyle = 'format'
execution_ctx_cls = MySQLExecutionContext_mysqlconnector
statement_compiler = MySQLCompiler_mysqlconnector
preparer = MySQLIdentifierPreparer_mysqlconnector
colspecs = util.update_copy(
MySQLDialect.colspecs,
{
BIT: _myconnpyBIT,
}
)
@util.memoized_property
def supports_unicode_statements(self):
return util.py3k or self._mysqlconnector_version_info > (2, 0)
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
from mysql import connector
return connector
def create_connect_args(self, url):
opts = url.translate_connect_args(username='user')
opts.update(url.query)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'allow_local_infile', bool)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'autocommit', bool)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'buffered', bool)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'compress', bool)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'connection_timeout', int)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'connect_timeout', int)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'consume_results', bool)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'force_ipv6', bool)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'get_warnings', bool)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'pool_reset_session', bool)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'pool_size', int)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'raise_on_warnings', bool)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'raw', bool)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'ssl_verify_cert', bool)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'use_pure', bool)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'use_unicode', bool)
# unfortunately, MySQL/connector python refuses to release a
# cursor without reading fully, so non-buffered isn't an option
opts.setdefault('buffered', True)
# FOUND_ROWS must be set in ClientFlag to enable
# supports_sane_rowcount.
if self.dbapi is not None:
try:
from mysql.connector.constants import ClientFlag
client_flags = opts.get(
'client_flags', ClientFlag.get_default())
client_flags |= ClientFlag.FOUND_ROWS
opts['client_flags'] = client_flags
except Exception:
pass
return [[], opts]
@util.memoized_property
def _mysqlconnector_version_info(self):
if self.dbapi and hasattr(self.dbapi, '__version__'):
m = re.match(r'(\d+)\.(\d+)(?:\.(\d+))?',
self.dbapi.__version__)
if m:
return tuple(
int(x)
for x in m.group(1, 2, 3)
if x is not None)
@util.memoized_property
def _mysqlconnector_double_percents(self):
return not util.py3k and self._mysqlconnector_version_info < (2, 0)
def _get_server_version_info(self, connection):
dbapi_con = connection.connection
version = dbapi_con.get_server_version()
return tuple(version)
def _detect_charset(self, connection):
return connection.connection.charset
def _extract_error_code(self, exception):
return exception.errno
def is_disconnect(self, e, connection, cursor):
errnos = (2006, 2013, 2014, 2045, 2055, 2048)
exceptions = (self.dbapi.OperationalError, self.dbapi.InterfaceError)
if isinstance(e, exceptions):
return e.errno in errnos or \
"MySQL Connection not available." in str(e)
else:
return False
def _compat_fetchall(self, rp, charset=None):
return rp.fetchall()
def _compat_fetchone(self, rp, charset=None):
return rp.fetchone()
_isolation_lookup = set(['SERIALIZABLE', 'READ UNCOMMITTED',
'READ COMMITTED', 'REPEATABLE READ',
'AUTOCOMMIT'])
def _set_isolation_level(self, connection, level):
if level == 'AUTOCOMMIT':
connection.autocommit = True
else:
connection.autocommit = False
super(MySQLDialect_mysqlconnector, self)._set_isolation_level(
connection, level)
dialect = MySQLDialect_mysqlconnector

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@ -1,228 +0,0 @@
# mysql/mysqldb.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: mysql+mysqldb
:name: MySQL-Python
:dbapi: mysqldb
:connectstring: mysql+mysqldb://<user>:<password>@<host>[:<port>]/<dbname>
:url: http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python
.. _mysqldb_unicode:
Unicode
-------
Please see :ref:`mysql_unicode` for current recommendations on unicode
handling.
Py3K Support
------------
Currently, MySQLdb only runs on Python 2 and development has been stopped.
`mysqlclient`_ is fork of MySQLdb and provides Python 3 support as well
as some bugfixes.
.. _mysqlclient: https://github.com/PyMySQL/mysqlclient-python
Using MySQLdb with Google Cloud SQL
-----------------------------------
Google Cloud SQL now recommends use of the MySQLdb dialect. Connect
using a URL like the following::
mysql+mysqldb://root@/<dbname>?unix_socket=/cloudsql/<projectid>:<instancename>
Server Side Cursors
-------------------
The mysqldb dialect supports server-side cursors. See :ref:`mysql_ss_cursors`.
"""
from .base import (MySQLDialect, MySQLExecutionContext,
MySQLCompiler, MySQLIdentifierPreparer)
from .base import TEXT
from ... import sql
from ... import util
import re
class MySQLExecutionContext_mysqldb(MySQLExecutionContext):
@property
def rowcount(self):
if hasattr(self, '_rowcount'):
return self._rowcount
else:
return self.cursor.rowcount
class MySQLCompiler_mysqldb(MySQLCompiler):
def visit_mod_binary(self, binary, operator, **kw):
return self.process(binary.left, **kw) + " %% " + \
self.process(binary.right, **kw)
def post_process_text(self, text):
return text.replace('%', '%%')
class MySQLIdentifierPreparer_mysqldb(MySQLIdentifierPreparer):
def _escape_identifier(self, value):
value = value.replace(self.escape_quote, self.escape_to_quote)
return value.replace("%", "%%")
class MySQLDialect_mysqldb(MySQLDialect):
driver = 'mysqldb'
supports_unicode_statements = True
supports_sane_rowcount = True
supports_sane_multi_rowcount = True
supports_native_decimal = True
default_paramstyle = 'format'
execution_ctx_cls = MySQLExecutionContext_mysqldb
statement_compiler = MySQLCompiler_mysqldb
preparer = MySQLIdentifierPreparer_mysqldb
def __init__(self, server_side_cursors=False, **kwargs):
super(MySQLDialect_mysqldb, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.server_side_cursors = server_side_cursors
@util.langhelpers.memoized_property
def supports_server_side_cursors(self):
try:
cursors = __import__('MySQLdb.cursors').cursors
self._sscursor = cursors.SSCursor
return True
except (ImportError, AttributeError):
return False
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
return __import__('MySQLdb')
def do_executemany(self, cursor, statement, parameters, context=None):
rowcount = cursor.executemany(statement, parameters)
if context is not None:
context._rowcount = rowcount
def _check_unicode_returns(self, connection):
# work around issue fixed in
# https://github.com/farcepest/MySQLdb1/commit/cd44524fef63bd3fcb71947392326e9742d520e8
# specific issue w/ the utf8_bin collation and unicode returns
has_utf8_bin = self.server_version_info > (5, ) and \
connection.scalar(
"show collation where %s = 'utf8' and %s = 'utf8_bin'"
% (
self.identifier_preparer.quote("Charset"),
self.identifier_preparer.quote("Collation")
))
if has_utf8_bin:
additional_tests = [
sql.collate(sql.cast(
sql.literal_column(
"'test collated returns'"),
TEXT(charset='utf8')), "utf8_bin")
]
else:
additional_tests = []
return super(MySQLDialect_mysqldb, self)._check_unicode_returns(
connection, additional_tests)
def create_connect_args(self, url):
opts = url.translate_connect_args(database='db', username='user',
password='passwd')
opts.update(url.query)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'compress', bool)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'connect_timeout', int)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'read_timeout', int)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'client_flag', int)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'local_infile', int)
# Note: using either of the below will cause all strings to be
# returned as Unicode, both in raw SQL operations and with column
# types like String and MSString.
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'use_unicode', bool)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'charset', str)
# Rich values 'cursorclass' and 'conv' are not supported via
# query string.
ssl = {}
keys = ['ssl_ca', 'ssl_key', 'ssl_cert', 'ssl_capath', 'ssl_cipher']
for key in keys:
if key in opts:
ssl[key[4:]] = opts[key]
util.coerce_kw_type(ssl, key[4:], str)
del opts[key]
if ssl:
opts['ssl'] = ssl
# FOUND_ROWS must be set in CLIENT_FLAGS to enable
# supports_sane_rowcount.
client_flag = opts.get('client_flag', 0)
if self.dbapi is not None:
try:
CLIENT_FLAGS = __import__(
self.dbapi.__name__ + '.constants.CLIENT'
).constants.CLIENT
client_flag |= CLIENT_FLAGS.FOUND_ROWS
except (AttributeError, ImportError):
self.supports_sane_rowcount = False
opts['client_flag'] = client_flag
return [[], opts]
def _get_server_version_info(self, connection):
dbapi_con = connection.connection
version = []
r = re.compile(r'[.\-]')
for n in r.split(dbapi_con.get_server_info()):
try:
version.append(int(n))
except ValueError:
version.append(n)
return tuple(version)
def _extract_error_code(self, exception):
return exception.args[0]
def _detect_charset(self, connection):
"""Sniff out the character set in use for connection results."""
try:
# note: the SQL here would be
# "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set%%'"
cset_name = connection.connection.character_set_name
except AttributeError:
util.warn(
"No 'character_set_name' can be detected with "
"this MySQL-Python version; "
"please upgrade to a recent version of MySQL-Python. "
"Assuming latin1.")
return 'latin1'
else:
return cset_name()
_isolation_lookup = set(['SERIALIZABLE', 'READ UNCOMMITTED',
'READ COMMITTED', 'REPEATABLE READ',
'AUTOCOMMIT'])
def _set_isolation_level(self, connection, level):
if level == 'AUTOCOMMIT':
connection.autocommit(True)
else:
connection.autocommit(False)
super(MySQLDialect_mysqldb, self)._set_isolation_level(connection,
level)
dialect = MySQLDialect_mysqldb

254
sqlalchemy/dialects/mysql/oursql.py
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@ -1,254 +0,0 @@
# mysql/oursql.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: mysql+oursql
:name: OurSQL
:dbapi: oursql
:connectstring: mysql+oursql://<user>:<password>@<host>[:<port>]/<dbname>
:url: http://packages.python.org/oursql/
Unicode
-------
Please see :ref:`mysql_unicode` for current recommendations on unicode
handling.
"""
import re
from .base import (BIT, MySQLDialect, MySQLExecutionContext)
from ... import types as sqltypes, util
class _oursqlBIT(BIT):
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
"""oursql already converts mysql bits, so."""
return None
class MySQLExecutionContext_oursql(MySQLExecutionContext):
@property
def plain_query(self):
return self.execution_options.get('_oursql_plain_query', False)
class MySQLDialect_oursql(MySQLDialect):
driver = 'oursql'
if util.py2k:
supports_unicode_binds = True
supports_unicode_statements = True
supports_native_decimal = True
supports_sane_rowcount = True
supports_sane_multi_rowcount = True
execution_ctx_cls = MySQLExecutionContext_oursql
colspecs = util.update_copy(
MySQLDialect.colspecs,
{
sqltypes.Time: sqltypes.Time,
BIT: _oursqlBIT,
}
)
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
return __import__('oursql')
def do_execute(self, cursor, statement, parameters, context=None):
"""Provide an implementation of
*cursor.execute(statement, parameters)*."""
if context and context.plain_query:
cursor.execute(statement, plain_query=True)
else:
cursor.execute(statement, parameters)
def do_begin(self, connection):
connection.cursor().execute('BEGIN', plain_query=True)
def _xa_query(self, connection, query, xid):
if util.py2k:
arg = connection.connection._escape_string(xid)
else:
charset = self._connection_charset
arg = connection.connection._escape_string(
xid.encode(charset)).decode(charset)
arg = "'%s'" % arg
connection.execution_options(
_oursql_plain_query=True).execute(query % arg)
# Because mysql is bad, these methods have to be
# reimplemented to use _PlainQuery. Basically, some queries
# refuse to return any data if they're run through
# the parameterized query API, or refuse to be parameterized
# in the first place.
def do_begin_twophase(self, connection, xid):
self._xa_query(connection, 'XA BEGIN %s', xid)
def do_prepare_twophase(self, connection, xid):
self._xa_query(connection, 'XA END %s', xid)
self._xa_query(connection, 'XA PREPARE %s', xid)
def do_rollback_twophase(self, connection, xid, is_prepared=True,
recover=False):
if not is_prepared:
self._xa_query(connection, 'XA END %s', xid)
self._xa_query(connection, 'XA ROLLBACK %s', xid)
def do_commit_twophase(self, connection, xid, is_prepared=True,
recover=False):
if not is_prepared:
self.do_prepare_twophase(connection, xid)
self._xa_query(connection, 'XA COMMIT %s', xid)
# Q: why didn't we need all these "plain_query" overrides earlier ?
# am i on a newer/older version of OurSQL ?
def has_table(self, connection, table_name, schema=None):
return MySQLDialect.has_table(
self,
connection.connect().execution_options(_oursql_plain_query=True),
table_name,
schema
)
def get_table_options(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
return MySQLDialect.get_table_options(
self,
connection.connect().execution_options(_oursql_plain_query=True),
table_name,
schema=schema,
**kw
)
def get_columns(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
return MySQLDialect.get_columns(
self,
connection.connect().execution_options(_oursql_plain_query=True),
table_name,
schema=schema,
**kw
)
def get_view_names(self, connection, schema=None, **kw):
return MySQLDialect.get_view_names(
self,
connection.connect().execution_options(_oursql_plain_query=True),
schema=schema,
**kw
)
def get_table_names(self, connection, schema=None, **kw):
return MySQLDialect.get_table_names(
self,
connection.connect().execution_options(_oursql_plain_query=True),
schema
)
def get_schema_names(self, connection, **kw):
return MySQLDialect.get_schema_names(
self,
connection.connect().execution_options(_oursql_plain_query=True),
**kw
)
def initialize(self, connection):
return MySQLDialect.initialize(
self,
connection.execution_options(_oursql_plain_query=True)
)
def _show_create_table(self, connection, table, charset=None,
full_name=None):
return MySQLDialect._show_create_table(
self,
connection.contextual_connect(close_with_result=True).
execution_options(_oursql_plain_query=True),
table, charset, full_name
)
def is_disconnect(self, e, connection, cursor):
if isinstance(e, self.dbapi.ProgrammingError):
return e.errno is None and 'cursor' not in e.args[1] \
and e.args[1].endswith('closed')
else:
return e.errno in (2006, 2013, 2014, 2045, 2055)
def create_connect_args(self, url):
opts = url.translate_connect_args(database='db', username='user',
password='passwd')
opts.update(url.query)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'port', int)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'compress', bool)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'autoping', bool)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'raise_on_warnings', bool)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'default_charset', bool)
if opts.pop('default_charset', False):
opts['charset'] = None
else:
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'charset', str)
opts['use_unicode'] = opts.get('use_unicode', True)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'use_unicode', bool)
# FOUND_ROWS must be set in CLIENT_FLAGS to enable
# supports_sane_rowcount.
opts.setdefault('found_rows', True)
ssl = {}
for key in ['ssl_ca', 'ssl_key', 'ssl_cert',
'ssl_capath', 'ssl_cipher']:
if key in opts:
ssl[key[4:]] = opts[key]
util.coerce_kw_type(ssl, key[4:], str)
del opts[key]
if ssl:
opts['ssl'] = ssl
return [[], opts]
def _get_server_version_info(self, connection):
dbapi_con = connection.connection
version = []
r = re.compile(r'[.\-]')
for n in r.split(dbapi_con.server_info):
try:
version.append(int(n))
except ValueError:
version.append(n)
return tuple(version)
def _extract_error_code(self, exception):
return exception.errno
def _detect_charset(self, connection):
"""Sniff out the character set in use for connection results."""
return connection.connection.charset
def _compat_fetchall(self, rp, charset=None):
"""oursql isn't super-broken like MySQLdb, yaaay."""
return rp.fetchall()
def _compat_fetchone(self, rp, charset=None):
"""oursql isn't super-broken like MySQLdb, yaaay."""
return rp.fetchone()
def _compat_first(self, rp, charset=None):
return rp.first()
dialect = MySQLDialect_oursql

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sqlalchemy/dialects/mysql/pymysql.py
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@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
# mysql/pymysql.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: mysql+pymysql
:name: PyMySQL
:dbapi: pymysql
:connectstring: mysql+pymysql://<username>:<password>@<host>/<dbname>\
[?<options>]
:url: http://www.pymysql.org/
Unicode
-------
Please see :ref:`mysql_unicode` for current recommendations on unicode
handling.
MySQL-Python Compatibility
--------------------------
The pymysql DBAPI is a pure Python port of the MySQL-python (MySQLdb) driver,
and targets 100% compatibility. Most behavioral notes for MySQL-python apply
to the pymysql driver as well.
"""
from .mysqldb import MySQLDialect_mysqldb
from ...util import langhelpers, py3k
class MySQLDialect_pymysql(MySQLDialect_mysqldb):
driver = 'pymysql'
description_encoding = None
# generally, these two values should be both True
# or both False. PyMySQL unicode tests pass all the way back
# to 0.4 either way. See [ticket:3337]
supports_unicode_statements = True
supports_unicode_binds = True
def __init__(self, server_side_cursors=False, **kwargs):
super(MySQLDialect_pymysql, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.server_side_cursors = server_side_cursors
@langhelpers.memoized_property
def supports_server_side_cursors(self):
try:
cursors = __import__('pymysql.cursors').cursors
self._sscursor = cursors.SSCursor
return True
except (ImportError, AttributeError):
return False
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
return __import__('pymysql')
if py3k:
def _extract_error_code(self, exception):
if isinstance(exception.args[0], Exception):
exception = exception.args[0]
return exception.args[0]
dialect = MySQLDialect_pymysql

79
sqlalchemy/dialects/mysql/pyodbc.py
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# mysql/pyodbc.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: mysql+pyodbc
:name: PyODBC
:dbapi: pyodbc
:connectstring: mysql+pyodbc://<username>:<password>@<dsnname>
:url: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyodbc/
.. note:: The PyODBC for MySQL dialect is not well supported, and
is subject to unresolved character encoding issues
which exist within the current ODBC drivers available.
(see http://code.google.com/p/pyodbc/issues/detail?id=25).
Other dialects for MySQL are recommended.
"""
from .base import MySQLDialect, MySQLExecutionContext
from ...connectors.pyodbc import PyODBCConnector
from ... import util
import re
class MySQLExecutionContext_pyodbc(MySQLExecutionContext):
def get_lastrowid(self):
cursor = self.create_cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID()")
lastrowid = cursor.fetchone()[0]
cursor.close()
return lastrowid
class MySQLDialect_pyodbc(PyODBCConnector, MySQLDialect):
supports_unicode_statements = False
execution_ctx_cls = MySQLExecutionContext_pyodbc
pyodbc_driver_name = "MySQL"
def __init__(self, **kw):
# deal with http://code.google.com/p/pyodbc/issues/detail?id=25
kw.setdefault('convert_unicode', True)
super(MySQLDialect_pyodbc, self).__init__(**kw)
def _detect_charset(self, connection):
"""Sniff out the character set in use for connection results."""
# Prefer 'character_set_results' for the current connection over the
# value in the driver. SET NAMES or individual variable SETs will
# change the charset without updating the driver's view of the world.
#
# If it's decided that issuing that sort of SQL leaves you SOL, then
# this can prefer the driver value.
rs = connection.execute("SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set%%'")
opts = dict([(row[0], row[1]) for row in self._compat_fetchall(rs)])
for key in ('character_set_connection', 'character_set'):
if opts.get(key, None):
return opts[key]
util.warn("Could not detect the connection character set. "
"Assuming latin1.")
return 'latin1'
def _extract_error_code(self, exception):
m = re.compile(r"\((\d+)\)").search(str(exception.args))
c = m.group(1)
if c:
return int(c)
else:
return None
dialect = MySQLDialect_pyodbc

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sqlalchemy/dialects/mysql/reflection.py
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@ -1,450 +0,0 @@
# mysql/reflection.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
import re
from ... import log, util
from ... import types as sqltypes
from .enumerated import _EnumeratedValues, SET
from .types import DATETIME, TIME, TIMESTAMP
class ReflectedState(object):
"""Stores raw information about a SHOW CREATE TABLE statement."""
def __init__(self):
self.columns = []
self.table_options = {}
self.table_name = None
self.keys = []
self.constraints = []
@log.class_logger
class MySQLTableDefinitionParser(object):
"""Parses the results of a SHOW CREATE TABLE statement."""
def __init__(self, dialect, preparer):
self.dialect = dialect
self.preparer = preparer
self._prep_regexes()
def parse(self, show_create, charset):
state = ReflectedState()
state.charset = charset
for line in re.split(r'\r?\n', show_create):
if line.startswith(' ' + self.preparer.initial_quote):
self._parse_column(line, state)
# a regular table options line
elif line.startswith(') '):
self._parse_table_options(line, state)
# an ANSI-mode table options line
elif line == ')':
pass
elif line.startswith('CREATE '):
self._parse_table_name(line, state)
# Not present in real reflection, but may be if
# loading from a file.
elif not line:
pass
else:
type_, spec = self._parse_constraints(line)
if type_ is None:
util.warn("Unknown schema content: %r" % line)
elif type_ == 'key':
state.keys.append(spec)
elif type_ == 'constraint':
state.constraints.append(spec)
else:
pass
return state
def _parse_constraints(self, line):
"""Parse a KEY or CONSTRAINT line.
:param line: A line of SHOW CREATE TABLE output
"""
# KEY
m = self._re_key.match(line)
if m:
spec = m.groupdict()
# convert columns into name, length pairs
spec['columns'] = self._parse_keyexprs(spec['columns'])
return 'key', spec
# CONSTRAINT
m = self._re_constraint.match(line)
if m:
spec = m.groupdict()
spec['table'] = \
self.preparer.unformat_identifiers(spec['table'])
spec['local'] = [c[0]
for c in self._parse_keyexprs(spec['local'])]
spec['foreign'] = [c[0]
for c in self._parse_keyexprs(spec['foreign'])]
return 'constraint', spec
# PARTITION and SUBPARTITION
m = self._re_partition.match(line)
if m:
# Punt!
return 'partition', line
# No match.
return (None, line)
def _parse_table_name(self, line, state):
"""Extract the table name.
:param line: The first line of SHOW CREATE TABLE
"""
regex, cleanup = self._pr_name
m = regex.match(line)
if m:
state.table_name = cleanup(m.group('name'))
def _parse_table_options(self, line, state):
"""Build a dictionary of all reflected table-level options.
:param line: The final line of SHOW CREATE TABLE output.
"""
options = {}
if not line or line == ')':
pass
else:
rest_of_line = line[:]
for regex, cleanup in self._pr_options:
m = regex.search(rest_of_line)
if not m:
continue
directive, value = m.group('directive'), m.group('val')
if cleanup:
value = cleanup(value)
options[directive.lower()] = value
rest_of_line = regex.sub('', rest_of_line)
for nope in ('auto_increment', 'data directory', 'index directory'):
options.pop(nope, None)
for opt, val in options.items():
state.table_options['%s_%s' % (self.dialect.name, opt)] = val
def _parse_column(self, line, state):
"""Extract column details.
Falls back to a 'minimal support' variant if full parse fails.
:param line: Any column-bearing line from SHOW CREATE TABLE
"""
spec = None
m = self._re_column.match(line)
if m:
spec = m.groupdict()
spec['full'] = True
else:
m = self._re_column_loose.match(line)
if m:
spec = m.groupdict()
spec['full'] = False
if not spec:
util.warn("Unknown column definition %r" % line)
return
if not spec['full']:
util.warn("Incomplete reflection of column definition %r" % line)
name, type_, args = spec['name'], spec['coltype'], spec['arg']
try:
col_type = self.dialect.ischema_names[type_]
except KeyError:
util.warn("Did not recognize type '%s' of column '%s'" %
(type_, name))
col_type = sqltypes.NullType
# Column type positional arguments eg. varchar(32)
if args is None or args == '':
type_args = []
elif args[0] == "'" and args[-1] == "'":
type_args = self._re_csv_str.findall(args)
else:
type_args = [int(v) for v in self._re_csv_int.findall(args)]
# Column type keyword options
type_kw = {}
if issubclass(col_type, (DATETIME, TIME, TIMESTAMP)):
if type_args:
type_kw['fsp'] = type_args.pop(0)
for kw in ('unsigned', 'zerofill'):
if spec.get(kw, False):
type_kw[kw] = True
for kw in ('charset', 'collate'):
if spec.get(kw, False):
type_kw[kw] = spec[kw]
if issubclass(col_type, _EnumeratedValues):
type_args = _EnumeratedValues._strip_values(type_args)
if issubclass(col_type, SET) and '' in type_args:
type_kw['retrieve_as_bitwise'] = True
type_instance = col_type(*type_args, **type_kw)
col_kw = {}
# NOT NULL
col_kw['nullable'] = True
# this can be "NULL" in the case of TIMESTAMP
if spec.get('notnull', False) == 'NOT NULL':
col_kw['nullable'] = False
# AUTO_INCREMENT
if spec.get('autoincr', False):
col_kw['autoincrement'] = True
elif issubclass(col_type, sqltypes.Integer):
col_kw['autoincrement'] = False
# DEFAULT
default = spec.get('default', None)
if default == 'NULL':
# eliminates the need to deal with this later.
default = None
col_d = dict(name=name, type=type_instance, default=default)
col_d.update(col_kw)
state.columns.append(col_d)
def _describe_to_create(self, table_name, columns):
"""Re-format DESCRIBE output as a SHOW CREATE TABLE string.
DESCRIBE is a much simpler reflection and is sufficient for
reflecting views for runtime use. This method formats DDL
for columns only- keys are omitted.
:param columns: A sequence of DESCRIBE or SHOW COLUMNS 6-tuples.
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM rows must be rearranged for use with
this function.
"""
buffer = []
for row in columns:
(name, col_type, nullable, default, extra) = \
[row[i] for i in (0, 1, 2, 4, 5)]
line = [' ']
line.append(self.preparer.quote_identifier(name))
line.append(col_type)
if not nullable:
line.append('NOT NULL')
if default:
if 'auto_increment' in default:
pass
elif (col_type.startswith('timestamp') and
default.startswith('C')):
line.append('DEFAULT')
line.append(default)
elif default == 'NULL':
line.append('DEFAULT')
line.append(default)
else:
line.append('DEFAULT')
line.append("'%s'" % default.replace("'", "''"))
if extra:
line.append(extra)
buffer.append(' '.join(line))
return ''.join([('CREATE TABLE %s (\n' %
self.preparer.quote_identifier(table_name)),
',\n'.join(buffer),
'\n) '])
def _parse_keyexprs(self, identifiers):
"""Unpack '"col"(2),"col" ASC'-ish strings into components."""
return self._re_keyexprs.findall(identifiers)
def _prep_regexes(self):
"""Pre-compile regular expressions."""
self._re_columns = []
self._pr_options = []
_final = self.preparer.final_quote
quotes = dict(zip(('iq', 'fq', 'esc_fq'),
[re.escape(s) for s in
(self.preparer.initial_quote,
_final,
self.preparer._escape_identifier(_final))]))
self._pr_name = _pr_compile(
r'^CREATE (?:\w+ +)?TABLE +'
r'%(iq)s(?P<name>(?:%(esc_fq)s|[^%(fq)s])+)%(fq)s +\($' % quotes,
self.preparer._unescape_identifier)
# `col`,`col2`(32),`col3`(15) DESC
#
# Note: ASC and DESC aren't reflected, so we'll punt...
self._re_keyexprs = _re_compile(
r'(?:'
r'(?:%(iq)s((?:%(esc_fq)s|[^%(fq)s])+)%(fq)s)'
r'(?:\((\d+)\))?(?=\,|$))+' % quotes)
# 'foo' or 'foo','bar' or 'fo,o','ba''a''r'
self._re_csv_str = _re_compile(r'\x27(?:\x27\x27|[^\x27])*\x27')
# 123 or 123,456
self._re_csv_int = _re_compile(r'\d+')
# `colname` <type> [type opts]
# (NOT NULL | NULL)
# DEFAULT ('value' | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP...)
# COMMENT 'comment'
# COLUMN_FORMAT (FIXED|DYNAMIC|DEFAULT)
# STORAGE (DISK|MEMORY)
self._re_column = _re_compile(
r' '
r'%(iq)s(?P<name>(?:%(esc_fq)s|[^%(fq)s])+)%(fq)s +'
r'(?P<coltype>\w+)'
r'(?:\((?P<arg>(?:\d+|\d+,\d+|'
r'(?:\x27(?:\x27\x27|[^\x27])*\x27,?)+))\))?'
r'(?: +(?P<unsigned>UNSIGNED))?'
r'(?: +(?P<zerofill>ZEROFILL))?'
r'(?: +CHARACTER SET +(?P<charset>[\w_]+))?'
r'(?: +COLLATE +(?P<collate>[\w_]+))?'
r'(?: +(?P<notnull>(?:NOT )?NULL))?'
r'(?: +DEFAULT +(?P<default>'
r'(?:NULL|\x27(?:\x27\x27|[^\x27])*\x27|\w+'
r'(?: +ON UPDATE \w+)?)'
r'))?'
r'(?: +(?P<autoincr>AUTO_INCREMENT))?'
r'(?: +COMMENT +(P<comment>(?:\x27\x27|[^\x27])+))?'
r'(?: +COLUMN_FORMAT +(?P<colfmt>\w+))?'
r'(?: +STORAGE +(?P<storage>\w+))?'
r'(?: +(?P<extra>.*))?'
r',?$'
% quotes
)
# Fallback, try to parse as little as possible
self._re_column_loose = _re_compile(
r' '
r'%(iq)s(?P<name>(?:%(esc_fq)s|[^%(fq)s])+)%(fq)s +'
r'(?P<coltype>\w+)'
r'(?:\((?P<arg>(?:\d+|\d+,\d+|\x27(?:\x27\x27|[^\x27])+\x27))\))?'
r'.*?(?P<notnull>(?:NOT )NULL)?'
% quotes
)
# (PRIMARY|UNIQUE|FULLTEXT|SPATIAL) INDEX `name` (USING (BTREE|HASH))?
# (`col` (ASC|DESC)?, `col` (ASC|DESC)?)
# KEY_BLOCK_SIZE size | WITH PARSER name
self._re_key = _re_compile(
r' '
r'(?:(?P<type>\S+) )?KEY'
r'(?: +%(iq)s(?P<name>(?:%(esc_fq)s|[^%(fq)s])+)%(fq)s)?'
r'(?: +USING +(?P<using_pre>\S+))?'
r' +\((?P<columns>.+?)\)'
r'(?: +USING +(?P<using_post>\S+))?'
r'(?: +KEY_BLOCK_SIZE *[ =]? *(?P<keyblock>\S+))?'
r'(?: +WITH PARSER +(?P<parser>\S+))?'
r'(?: +COMMENT +(?P<comment>(\x27\x27|\x27([^\x27])*?\x27)+))?'
r',?$'
% quotes
)
# CONSTRAINT `name` FOREIGN KEY (`local_col`)
# REFERENCES `remote` (`remote_col`)
# MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE
# ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT
#
# unique constraints come back as KEYs
kw = quotes.copy()
kw['on'] = 'RESTRICT|CASCADE|SET NULL|NOACTION'
self._re_constraint = _re_compile(
r' '
r'CONSTRAINT +'
r'%(iq)s(?P<name>(?:%(esc_fq)s|[^%(fq)s])+)%(fq)s +'
r'FOREIGN KEY +'
r'\((?P<local>[^\)]+?)\) REFERENCES +'
r'(?P<table>%(iq)s[^%(fq)s]+%(fq)s'
r'(?:\.%(iq)s[^%(fq)s]+%(fq)s)?) +'
r'\((?P<foreign>[^\)]+?)\)'
r'(?: +(?P<match>MATCH \w+))?'
r'(?: +ON DELETE (?P<ondelete>%(on)s))?'
r'(?: +ON UPDATE (?P<onupdate>%(on)s))?'
% kw
)
# PARTITION
#
# punt!
self._re_partition = _re_compile(r'(?:.*)(?:SUB)?PARTITION(?:.*)')
# Table-level options (COLLATE, ENGINE, etc.)
# Do the string options first, since they have quoted
# strings we need to get rid of.
for option in _options_of_type_string:
self._add_option_string(option)
for option in ('ENGINE', 'TYPE', 'AUTO_INCREMENT',
'AVG_ROW_LENGTH', 'CHARACTER SET',
'DEFAULT CHARSET', 'CHECKSUM',
'COLLATE', 'DELAY_KEY_WRITE', 'INSERT_METHOD',
'MAX_ROWS', 'MIN_ROWS', 'PACK_KEYS', 'ROW_FORMAT',
'KEY_BLOCK_SIZE'):
self._add_option_word(option)
self._add_option_regex('UNION', r'\([^\)]+\)')
self._add_option_regex('TABLESPACE', r'.*? STORAGE DISK')
self._add_option_regex(
'RAID_TYPE',
r'\w+\s+RAID_CHUNKS\s*\=\s*\w+RAID_CHUNKSIZE\s*=\s*\w+')
_optional_equals = r'(?:\s*(?:=\s*)|\s+)'
def _add_option_string(self, directive):
regex = (r'(?P<directive>%s)%s'
r"'(?P<val>(?:[^']|'')*?)'(?!')" %
(re.escape(directive), self._optional_equals))
self._pr_options.append(_pr_compile(
regex, lambda v: v.replace("\\\\", "\\").replace("''", "'")
))
def _add_option_word(self, directive):
regex = (r'(?P<directive>%s)%s'
r'(?P<val>\w+)' %
(re.escape(directive), self._optional_equals))
self._pr_options.append(_pr_compile(regex))
def _add_option_regex(self, directive, regex):
regex = (r'(?P<directive>%s)%s'
r'(?P<val>%s)' %
(re.escape(directive), self._optional_equals, regex))
self._pr_options.append(_pr_compile(regex))
_options_of_type_string = ('COMMENT', 'DATA DIRECTORY', 'INDEX DIRECTORY',
'PASSWORD', 'CONNECTION')
def _pr_compile(regex, cleanup=None):
"""Prepare a 2-tuple of compiled regex and callable."""
return (_re_compile(regex), cleanup)
def _re_compile(regex):
"""Compile a string to regex, I and UNICODE."""
return re.compile(regex, re.I | re.UNICODE)

766
sqlalchemy/dialects/mysql/types.py
View File

@ -1,766 +0,0 @@
# mysql/types.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
import datetime
from ... import exc, util
from ... import types as sqltypes
class _NumericType(object):
"""Base for MySQL numeric types.
This is the base both for NUMERIC as well as INTEGER, hence
it's a mixin.
"""
def __init__(self, unsigned=False, zerofill=False, **kw):
self.unsigned = unsigned
self.zerofill = zerofill
super(_NumericType, self).__init__(**kw)
def __repr__(self):
return util.generic_repr(self,
to_inspect=[_NumericType, sqltypes.Numeric])
class _FloatType(_NumericType, sqltypes.Float):
def __init__(self, precision=None, scale=None, asdecimal=True, **kw):
if isinstance(self, (REAL, DOUBLE)) and \
(
(precision is None and scale is not None) or
(precision is not None and scale is None)
):
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"You must specify both precision and scale or omit "
"both altogether.")
super(_FloatType, self).__init__(
precision=precision, asdecimal=asdecimal, **kw)
self.scale = scale
def __repr__(self):
return util.generic_repr(self, to_inspect=[_FloatType,
_NumericType,
sqltypes.Float])
class _IntegerType(_NumericType, sqltypes.Integer):
def __init__(self, display_width=None, **kw):
self.display_width = display_width
super(_IntegerType, self).__init__(**kw)
def __repr__(self):
return util.generic_repr(self, to_inspect=[_IntegerType,
_NumericType,
sqltypes.Integer])
class _StringType(sqltypes.String):
"""Base for MySQL string types."""
def __init__(self, charset=None, collation=None,
ascii=False, binary=False, unicode=False,
national=False, **kw):
self.charset = charset
# allow collate= or collation=
kw.setdefault('collation', kw.pop('collate', collation))
self.ascii = ascii
self.unicode = unicode
self.binary = binary
self.national = national
super(_StringType, self).__init__(**kw)
def __repr__(self):
return util.generic_repr(self,
to_inspect=[_StringType, sqltypes.String])
class _MatchType(sqltypes.Float, sqltypes.MatchType):
def __init__(self, **kw):
# TODO: float arguments?
sqltypes.Float.__init__(self)
sqltypes.MatchType.__init__(self)
class NUMERIC(_NumericType, sqltypes.NUMERIC):
"""MySQL NUMERIC type."""
__visit_name__ = 'NUMERIC'
def __init__(self, precision=None, scale=None, asdecimal=True, **kw):
"""Construct a NUMERIC.
:param precision: Total digits in this number. If scale and precision
are both None, values are stored to limits allowed by the server.
:param scale: The number of digits after the decimal point.
:param unsigned: a boolean, optional.
:param zerofill: Optional. If true, values will be stored as strings
left-padded with zeros. Note that this does not effect the values
returned by the underlying database API, which continue to be
numeric.
"""
super(NUMERIC, self).__init__(precision=precision,
scale=scale, asdecimal=asdecimal, **kw)
class DECIMAL(_NumericType, sqltypes.DECIMAL):
"""MySQL DECIMAL type."""
__visit_name__ = 'DECIMAL'
def __init__(self, precision=None, scale=None, asdecimal=True, **kw):
"""Construct a DECIMAL.
:param precision: Total digits in this number. If scale and precision
are both None, values are stored to limits allowed by the server.
:param scale: The number of digits after the decimal point.
:param unsigned: a boolean, optional.
:param zerofill: Optional. If true, values will be stored as strings
left-padded with zeros. Note that this does not effect the values
returned by the underlying database API, which continue to be
numeric.
"""
super(DECIMAL, self).__init__(precision=precision, scale=scale,
asdecimal=asdecimal, **kw)
class DOUBLE(_FloatType):
"""MySQL DOUBLE type."""
__visit_name__ = 'DOUBLE'
def __init__(self, precision=None, scale=None, asdecimal=True, **kw):
"""Construct a DOUBLE.
.. note::
The :class:`.DOUBLE` type by default converts from float
to Decimal, using a truncation that defaults to 10 digits.
Specify either ``scale=n`` or ``decimal_return_scale=n`` in order
to change this scale, or ``asdecimal=False`` to return values
directly as Python floating points.
:param precision: Total digits in this number. If scale and precision
are both None, values are stored to limits allowed by the server.
:param scale: The number of digits after the decimal point.
:param unsigned: a boolean, optional.
:param zerofill: Optional. If true, values will be stored as strings
left-padded with zeros. Note that this does not effect the values
returned by the underlying database API, which continue to be
numeric.
"""
super(DOUBLE, self).__init__(precision=precision, scale=scale,
asdecimal=asdecimal, **kw)
class REAL(_FloatType, sqltypes.REAL):
"""MySQL REAL type."""
__visit_name__ = 'REAL'
def __init__(self, precision=None, scale=None, asdecimal=True, **kw):
"""Construct a REAL.
.. note::
The :class:`.REAL` type by default converts from float
to Decimal, using a truncation that defaults to 10 digits.
Specify either ``scale=n`` or ``decimal_return_scale=n`` in order
to change this scale, or ``asdecimal=False`` to return values
directly as Python floating points.
:param precision: Total digits in this number. If scale and precision
are both None, values are stored to limits allowed by the server.
:param scale: The number of digits after the decimal point.
:param unsigned: a boolean, optional.
:param zerofill: Optional. If true, values will be stored as strings
left-padded with zeros. Note that this does not effect the values
returned by the underlying database API, which continue to be
numeric.
"""
super(REAL, self).__init__(precision=precision, scale=scale,
asdecimal=asdecimal, **kw)
class FLOAT(_FloatType, sqltypes.FLOAT):
"""MySQL FLOAT type."""
__visit_name__ = 'FLOAT'
def __init__(self, precision=None, scale=None, asdecimal=False, **kw):
"""Construct a FLOAT.
:param precision: Total digits in this number. If scale and precision
are both None, values are stored to limits allowed by the server.
:param scale: The number of digits after the decimal point.
:param unsigned: a boolean, optional.
:param zerofill: Optional. If true, values will be stored as strings
left-padded with zeros. Note that this does not effect the values
returned by the underlying database API, which continue to be
numeric.
"""
super(FLOAT, self).__init__(precision=precision, scale=scale,
asdecimal=asdecimal, **kw)
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
return None
class INTEGER(_IntegerType, sqltypes.INTEGER):
"""MySQL INTEGER type."""
__visit_name__ = 'INTEGER'
def __init__(self, display_width=None, **kw):
"""Construct an INTEGER.
:param display_width: Optional, maximum display width for this number.
:param unsigned: a boolean, optional.
:param zerofill: Optional. If true, values will be stored as strings
left-padded with zeros. Note that this does not effect the values
returned by the underlying database API, which continue to be
numeric.
"""
super(INTEGER, self).__init__(display_width=display_width, **kw)
class BIGINT(_IntegerType, sqltypes.BIGINT):
"""MySQL BIGINTEGER type."""
__visit_name__ = 'BIGINT'
def __init__(self, display_width=None, **kw):
"""Construct a BIGINTEGER.
:param display_width: Optional, maximum display width for this number.
:param unsigned: a boolean, optional.
:param zerofill: Optional. If true, values will be stored as strings
left-padded with zeros. Note that this does not effect the values
returned by the underlying database API, which continue to be
numeric.
"""
super(BIGINT, self).__init__(display_width=display_width, **kw)
class MEDIUMINT(_IntegerType):
"""MySQL MEDIUMINTEGER type."""
__visit_name__ = 'MEDIUMINT'
def __init__(self, display_width=None, **kw):
"""Construct a MEDIUMINTEGER
:param display_width: Optional, maximum display width for this number.
:param unsigned: a boolean, optional.
:param zerofill: Optional. If true, values will be stored as strings
left-padded with zeros. Note that this does not effect the values
returned by the underlying database API, which continue to be
numeric.
"""
super(MEDIUMINT, self).__init__(display_width=display_width, **kw)
class TINYINT(_IntegerType):
"""MySQL TINYINT type."""
__visit_name__ = 'TINYINT'
def __init__(self, display_width=None, **kw):
"""Construct a TINYINT.
:param display_width: Optional, maximum display width for this number.
:param unsigned: a boolean, optional.
:param zerofill: Optional. If true, values will be stored as strings
left-padded with zeros. Note that this does not effect the values
returned by the underlying database API, which continue to be
numeric.
"""
super(TINYINT, self).__init__(display_width=display_width, **kw)
class SMALLINT(_IntegerType, sqltypes.SMALLINT):
"""MySQL SMALLINTEGER type."""
__visit_name__ = 'SMALLINT'
def __init__(self, display_width=None, **kw):
"""Construct a SMALLINTEGER.
:param display_width: Optional, maximum display width for this number.
:param unsigned: a boolean, optional.
:param zerofill: Optional. If true, values will be stored as strings
left-padded with zeros. Note that this does not effect the values
returned by the underlying database API, which continue to be
numeric.
"""
super(SMALLINT, self).__init__(display_width=display_width, **kw)
class BIT(sqltypes.TypeEngine):
"""MySQL BIT type.
This type is for MySQL 5.0.3 or greater for MyISAM, and 5.0.5 or greater
for MyISAM, MEMORY, InnoDB and BDB. For older versions, use a
MSTinyInteger() type.
"""
__visit_name__ = 'BIT'
def __init__(self, length=None):
"""Construct a BIT.
:param length: Optional, number of bits.
"""
self.length = length
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
"""Convert a MySQL's 64 bit, variable length binary string to a long.
TODO: this is MySQL-db, pyodbc specific. OurSQL and mysqlconnector
already do this, so this logic should be moved to those dialects.
"""
def process(value):
if value is not None:
v = 0
for i in value:
if not isinstance(i, int):
i = ord(i) # convert byte to int on Python 2
v = v << 8 | i
return v
return value
return process
class TIME(sqltypes.TIME):
"""MySQL TIME type. """
__visit_name__ = 'TIME'
def __init__(self, timezone=False, fsp=None):
"""Construct a MySQL TIME type.
:param timezone: not used by the MySQL dialect.
:param fsp: fractional seconds precision value.
MySQL 5.6 supports storage of fractional seconds;
this parameter will be used when emitting DDL
for the TIME type.
.. note::
DBAPI driver support for fractional seconds may
be limited; current support includes
MySQL Connector/Python.
.. versionadded:: 0.8 The MySQL-specific TIME
type as well as fractional seconds support.
"""
super(TIME, self).__init__(timezone=timezone)
self.fsp = fsp
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
time = datetime.time
def process(value):
# convert from a timedelta value
if value is not None:
microseconds = value.microseconds
seconds = value.seconds
minutes = seconds // 60
return time(minutes // 60,
minutes % 60,
seconds - minutes * 60,
microsecond=microseconds)
else:
return None
return process
class TIMESTAMP(sqltypes.TIMESTAMP):
"""MySQL TIMESTAMP type.
"""
__visit_name__ = 'TIMESTAMP'
def __init__(self, timezone=False, fsp=None):
"""Construct a MySQL TIMESTAMP type.
:param timezone: not used by the MySQL dialect.
:param fsp: fractional seconds precision value.
MySQL 5.6.4 supports storage of fractional seconds;
this parameter will be used when emitting DDL
for the TIMESTAMP type.
.. note::
DBAPI driver support for fractional seconds may
be limited; current support includes
MySQL Connector/Python.
.. versionadded:: 0.8.5 Added MySQL-specific :class:`.mysql.TIMESTAMP`
with fractional seconds support.
"""
super(TIMESTAMP, self).__init__(timezone=timezone)
self.fsp = fsp
class DATETIME(sqltypes.DATETIME):
"""MySQL DATETIME type.
"""
__visit_name__ = 'DATETIME'
def __init__(self, timezone=False, fsp=None):
"""Construct a MySQL DATETIME type.
:param timezone: not used by the MySQL dialect.
:param fsp: fractional seconds precision value.
MySQL 5.6.4 supports storage of fractional seconds;
this parameter will be used when emitting DDL
for the DATETIME type.
.. note::
DBAPI driver support for fractional seconds may
be limited; current support includes
MySQL Connector/Python.
.. versionadded:: 0.8.5 Added MySQL-specific :class:`.mysql.DATETIME`
with fractional seconds support.
"""
super(DATETIME, self).__init__(timezone=timezone)
self.fsp = fsp
class YEAR(sqltypes.TypeEngine):
"""MySQL YEAR type, for single byte storage of years 1901-2155."""
__visit_name__ = 'YEAR'
def __init__(self, display_width=None):
self.display_width = display_width
class TEXT(_StringType, sqltypes.TEXT):
"""MySQL TEXT type, for text up to 2^16 characters."""
__visit_name__ = 'TEXT'
def __init__(self, length=None, **kw):
"""Construct a TEXT.
:param length: Optional, if provided the server may optimize storage
by substituting the smallest TEXT type sufficient to store
``length`` characters.
:param charset: Optional, a column-level character set for this string
value. Takes precedence to 'ascii' or 'unicode' short-hand.
:param collation: Optional, a column-level collation for this string
value. Takes precedence to 'binary' short-hand.
:param ascii: Defaults to False: short-hand for the ``latin1``
character set, generates ASCII in schema.
:param unicode: Defaults to False: short-hand for the ``ucs2``
character set, generates UNICODE in schema.
:param national: Optional. If true, use the server's configured
national character set.
:param binary: Defaults to False: short-hand, pick the binary
collation type that matches the column's character set. Generates
BINARY in schema. This does not affect the type of data stored,
only the collation of character data.
"""
super(TEXT, self).__init__(length=length, **kw)
class TINYTEXT(_StringType):
"""MySQL TINYTEXT type, for text up to 2^8 characters."""
__visit_name__ = 'TINYTEXT'
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
"""Construct a TINYTEXT.
:param charset: Optional, a column-level character set for this string
value. Takes precedence to 'ascii' or 'unicode' short-hand.
:param collation: Optional, a column-level collation for this string
value. Takes precedence to 'binary' short-hand.
:param ascii: Defaults to False: short-hand for the ``latin1``
character set, generates ASCII in schema.
:param unicode: Defaults to False: short-hand for the ``ucs2``
character set, generates UNICODE in schema.
:param national: Optional. If true, use the server's configured
national character set.
:param binary: Defaults to False: short-hand, pick the binary
collation type that matches the column's character set. Generates
BINARY in schema. This does not affect the type of data stored,
only the collation of character data.
"""
super(TINYTEXT, self).__init__(**kwargs)
class MEDIUMTEXT(_StringType):
"""MySQL MEDIUMTEXT type, for text up to 2^24 characters."""
__visit_name__ = 'MEDIUMTEXT'
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
"""Construct a MEDIUMTEXT.
:param charset: Optional, a column-level character set for this string
value. Takes precedence to 'ascii' or 'unicode' short-hand.
:param collation: Optional, a column-level collation for this string
value. Takes precedence to 'binary' short-hand.
:param ascii: Defaults to False: short-hand for the ``latin1``
character set, generates ASCII in schema.
:param unicode: Defaults to False: short-hand for the ``ucs2``
character set, generates UNICODE in schema.
:param national: Optional. If true, use the server's configured
national character set.
:param binary: Defaults to False: short-hand, pick the binary
collation type that matches the column's character set. Generates
BINARY in schema. This does not affect the type of data stored,
only the collation of character data.
"""
super(MEDIUMTEXT, self).__init__(**kwargs)
class LONGTEXT(_StringType):
"""MySQL LONGTEXT type, for text up to 2^32 characters."""
__visit_name__ = 'LONGTEXT'
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
"""Construct a LONGTEXT.
:param charset: Optional, a column-level character set for this string
value. Takes precedence to 'ascii' or 'unicode' short-hand.
:param collation: Optional, a column-level collation for this string
value. Takes precedence to 'binary' short-hand.
:param ascii: Defaults to False: short-hand for the ``latin1``
character set, generates ASCII in schema.
:param unicode: Defaults to False: short-hand for the ``ucs2``
character set, generates UNICODE in schema.
:param national: Optional. If true, use the server's configured
national character set.
:param binary: Defaults to False: short-hand, pick the binary
collation type that matches the column's character set. Generates
BINARY in schema. This does not affect the type of data stored,
only the collation of character data.
"""
super(LONGTEXT, self).__init__(**kwargs)
class VARCHAR(_StringType, sqltypes.VARCHAR):
"""MySQL VARCHAR type, for variable-length character data."""
__visit_name__ = 'VARCHAR'
def __init__(self, length=None, **kwargs):
"""Construct a VARCHAR.
:param charset: Optional, a column-level character set for this string
value. Takes precedence to 'ascii' or 'unicode' short-hand.
:param collation: Optional, a column-level collation for this string
value. Takes precedence to 'binary' short-hand.
:param ascii: Defaults to False: short-hand for the ``latin1``
character set, generates ASCII in schema.
:param unicode: Defaults to False: short-hand for the ``ucs2``
character set, generates UNICODE in schema.
:param national: Optional. If true, use the server's configured
national character set.
:param binary: Defaults to False: short-hand, pick the binary
collation type that matches the column's character set. Generates
BINARY in schema. This does not affect the type of data stored,
only the collation of character data.
"""
super(VARCHAR, self).__init__(length=length, **kwargs)
class CHAR(_StringType, sqltypes.CHAR):
"""MySQL CHAR type, for fixed-length character data."""
__visit_name__ = 'CHAR'
def __init__(self, length=None, **kwargs):
"""Construct a CHAR.
:param length: Maximum data length, in characters.
:param binary: Optional, use the default binary collation for the
national character set. This does not affect the type of data
stored, use a BINARY type for binary data.
:param collation: Optional, request a particular collation. Must be
compatible with the national character set.
"""
super(CHAR, self).__init__(length=length, **kwargs)
@classmethod
def _adapt_string_for_cast(self, type_):
# copy the given string type into a CHAR
# for the purposes of rendering a CAST expression
type_ = sqltypes.to_instance(type_)
if isinstance(type_, sqltypes.CHAR):
return type_
elif isinstance(type_, _StringType):
return CHAR(
length=type_.length,
charset=type_.charset,
collation=type_.collation,
ascii=type_.ascii,
binary=type_.binary,
unicode=type_.unicode,
national=False # not supported in CAST
)
else:
return CHAR(length=type_.length)
class NVARCHAR(_StringType, sqltypes.NVARCHAR):
"""MySQL NVARCHAR type.
For variable-length character data in the server's configured national
character set.
"""
__visit_name__ = 'NVARCHAR'
def __init__(self, length=None, **kwargs):
"""Construct an NVARCHAR.
:param length: Maximum data length, in characters.
:param binary: Optional, use the default binary collation for the
national character set. This does not affect the type of data
stored, use a BINARY type for binary data.
:param collation: Optional, request a particular collation. Must be
compatible with the national character set.
"""
kwargs['national'] = True
super(NVARCHAR, self).__init__(length=length, **kwargs)
class NCHAR(_StringType, sqltypes.NCHAR):
"""MySQL NCHAR type.
For fixed-length character data in the server's configured national
character set.
"""
__visit_name__ = 'NCHAR'
def __init__(self, length=None, **kwargs):
"""Construct an NCHAR.
:param length: Maximum data length, in characters.
:param binary: Optional, use the default binary collation for the
national character set. This does not affect the type of data
stored, use a BINARY type for binary data.
:param collation: Optional, request a particular collation. Must be
compatible with the national character set.
"""
kwargs['national'] = True
super(NCHAR, self).__init__(length=length, **kwargs)
class TINYBLOB(sqltypes._Binary):
"""MySQL TINYBLOB type, for binary data up to 2^8 bytes."""
__visit_name__ = 'TINYBLOB'
class MEDIUMBLOB(sqltypes._Binary):
"""MySQL MEDIUMBLOB type, for binary data up to 2^24 bytes."""
__visit_name__ = 'MEDIUMBLOB'
class LONGBLOB(sqltypes._Binary):
"""MySQL LONGBLOB type, for binary data up to 2^32 bytes."""
__visit_name__ = 'LONGBLOB'

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sqlalchemy/dialects/mysql/zxjdbc.py
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# mysql/zxjdbc.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: mysql+zxjdbc
:name: zxjdbc for Jython
:dbapi: zxjdbc
:connectstring: mysql+zxjdbc://<user>:<password>@<hostname>[:<port>]/\
<database>
:driverurl: http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/j/
.. note:: Jython is not supported by current versions of SQLAlchemy. The
zxjdbc dialect should be considered as experimental.
Character Sets
--------------
SQLAlchemy zxjdbc dialects pass unicode straight through to the
zxjdbc/JDBC layer. To allow multiple character sets to be sent from the
MySQL Connector/J JDBC driver, by default SQLAlchemy sets its
``characterEncoding`` connection property to ``UTF-8``. It may be
overridden via a ``create_engine`` URL parameter.
"""
import re
from ... import types as sqltypes, util
from ...connectors.zxJDBC import ZxJDBCConnector
from .base import BIT, MySQLDialect, MySQLExecutionContext
class _ZxJDBCBit(BIT):
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
"""Converts boolean or byte arrays from MySQL Connector/J to longs."""
def process(value):
if value is None:
return value
if isinstance(value, bool):
return int(value)
v = 0
for i in value:
v = v << 8 | (i & 0xff)
value = v
return value
return process
class MySQLExecutionContext_zxjdbc(MySQLExecutionContext):
def get_lastrowid(self):
cursor = self.create_cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID()")
lastrowid = cursor.fetchone()[0]
cursor.close()
return lastrowid
class MySQLDialect_zxjdbc(ZxJDBCConnector, MySQLDialect):
jdbc_db_name = 'mysql'
jdbc_driver_name = 'com.mysql.jdbc.Driver'
execution_ctx_cls = MySQLExecutionContext_zxjdbc
colspecs = util.update_copy(
MySQLDialect.colspecs,
{
sqltypes.Time: sqltypes.Time,
BIT: _ZxJDBCBit
}
)
def _detect_charset(self, connection):
"""Sniff out the character set in use for connection results."""
# Prefer 'character_set_results' for the current connection over the
# value in the driver. SET NAMES or individual variable SETs will
# change the charset without updating the driver's view of the world.
#
# If it's decided that issuing that sort of SQL leaves you SOL, then
# this can prefer the driver value.
rs = connection.execute("SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set%%'")
opts = dict((row[0], row[1]) for row in self._compat_fetchall(rs))
for key in ('character_set_connection', 'character_set'):
if opts.get(key, None):
return opts[key]
util.warn("Could not detect the connection character set. "
"Assuming latin1.")
return 'latin1'
def _driver_kwargs(self):
"""return kw arg dict to be sent to connect()."""
return dict(characterEncoding='UTF-8', yearIsDateType='false')
def _extract_error_code(self, exception):
# e.g.: DBAPIError: (Error) Table 'test.u2' doesn't exist
# [SQLCode: 1146], [SQLState: 42S02] 'DESCRIBE `u2`' ()
m = re.compile(r"\[SQLCode\: (\d+)\]").search(str(exception.args))
c = m.group(1)
if c:
return int(c)
def _get_server_version_info(self, connection):
dbapi_con = connection.connection
version = []
r = re.compile(r'[.\-]')
for n in r.split(dbapi_con.dbversion):
try:
version.append(int(n))
except ValueError:
version.append(n)
return tuple(version)
dialect = MySQLDialect_zxjdbc

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sqlalchemy/dialects/oracle/__init__.py
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@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
# oracle/__init__.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from sqlalchemy.dialects.oracle import base, cx_oracle, zxjdbc
base.dialect = cx_oracle.dialect
from sqlalchemy.dialects.oracle.base import \
VARCHAR, NVARCHAR, CHAR, DATE, NUMBER,\
BLOB, BFILE, CLOB, NCLOB, TIMESTAMP, RAW,\
FLOAT, DOUBLE_PRECISION, LONG, dialect, INTERVAL,\
VARCHAR2, NVARCHAR2, ROWID, dialect
__all__ = (
'VARCHAR', 'NVARCHAR', 'CHAR', 'DATE', 'NUMBER',
'BLOB', 'BFILE', 'CLOB', 'NCLOB', 'TIMESTAMP', 'RAW',
'FLOAT', 'DOUBLE_PRECISION', 'LONG', 'dialect', 'INTERVAL',
'VARCHAR2', 'NVARCHAR2', 'ROWID'
)

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235
sqlalchemy/dialects/oracle/zxjdbc.py
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# oracle/zxjdbc.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: oracle+zxjdbc
:name: zxJDBC for Jython
:dbapi: zxjdbc
:connectstring: oracle+zxjdbc://user:pass@host/dbname
:driverurl: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/jdbc/index-091264.html
.. note:: Jython is not supported by current versions of SQLAlchemy. The
zxjdbc dialect should be considered as experimental.
"""
import decimal
import re
from sqlalchemy import sql, types as sqltypes, util
from sqlalchemy.connectors.zxJDBC import ZxJDBCConnector
from sqlalchemy.dialects.oracle.base import (OracleCompiler,
OracleDialect,
OracleExecutionContext)
from sqlalchemy.engine import result as _result
from sqlalchemy.sql import expression
import collections
SQLException = zxJDBC = None
class _ZxJDBCDate(sqltypes.Date):
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
def process(value):
if value is None:
return None
else:
return value.date()
return process
class _ZxJDBCNumeric(sqltypes.Numeric):
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
# XXX: does the dialect return Decimal or not???
# if it does (in all cases), we could use a None processor as well as
# the to_float generic processor
if self.asdecimal:
def process(value):
if isinstance(value, decimal.Decimal):
return value
else:
return decimal.Decimal(str(value))
else:
def process(value):
if isinstance(value, decimal.Decimal):
return float(value)
else:
return value
return process
class OracleCompiler_zxjdbc(OracleCompiler):
def returning_clause(self, stmt, returning_cols):
self.returning_cols = list(
expression._select_iterables(returning_cols))
# within_columns_clause=False so that labels (foo AS bar) don't render
columns = [self.process(c, within_columns_clause=False)
for c in self.returning_cols]
if not hasattr(self, 'returning_parameters'):
self.returning_parameters = []
binds = []
for i, col in enumerate(self.returning_cols):
dbtype = col.type.dialect_impl(
self.dialect).get_dbapi_type(self.dialect.dbapi)
self.returning_parameters.append((i + 1, dbtype))
bindparam = sql.bindparam(
"ret_%d" % i, value=ReturningParam(dbtype))
self.binds[bindparam.key] = bindparam
binds.append(
self.bindparam_string(self._truncate_bindparam(bindparam)))
return 'RETURNING ' + ', '.join(columns) + " INTO " + ", ".join(binds)
class OracleExecutionContext_zxjdbc(OracleExecutionContext):
def pre_exec(self):
if hasattr(self.compiled, 'returning_parameters'):
# prepare a zxJDBC statement so we can grab its underlying
# OraclePreparedStatement's getReturnResultSet later
self.statement = self.cursor.prepare(self.statement)
def get_result_proxy(self):
if hasattr(self.compiled, 'returning_parameters'):
rrs = None
try:
try:
rrs = self.statement.__statement__.getReturnResultSet()
next(rrs)
except SQLException as sqle:
msg = '%s [SQLCode: %d]' % (
sqle.getMessage(), sqle.getErrorCode())
if sqle.getSQLState() is not None:
msg += ' [SQLState: %s]' % sqle.getSQLState()
raise zxJDBC.Error(msg)
else:
row = tuple(
self.cursor.datahandler.getPyObject(
rrs, index, dbtype)
for index, dbtype in
self.compiled.returning_parameters)
return ReturningResultProxy(self, row)
finally:
if rrs is not None:
try:
rrs.close()
except SQLException:
pass
self.statement.close()
return _result.ResultProxy(self)
def create_cursor(self):
cursor = self._dbapi_connection.cursor()
cursor.datahandler = self.dialect.DataHandler(cursor.datahandler)
return cursor
class ReturningResultProxy(_result.FullyBufferedResultProxy):
"""ResultProxy backed by the RETURNING ResultSet results."""
def __init__(self, context, returning_row):
self._returning_row = returning_row
super(ReturningResultProxy, self).__init__(context)
def _cursor_description(self):
ret = []
for c in self.context.compiled.returning_cols:
if hasattr(c, 'name'):
ret.append((c.name, c.type))
else:
ret.append((c.anon_label, c.type))
return ret
def _buffer_rows(self):
return collections.deque([self._returning_row])
class ReturningParam(object):
"""A bindparam value representing a RETURNING parameter.
Specially handled by OracleReturningDataHandler.
"""
def __init__(self, type):
self.type = type
def __eq__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, ReturningParam):
return self.type == other.type
return NotImplemented
def __ne__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, ReturningParam):
return self.type != other.type
return NotImplemented
def __repr__(self):
kls = self.__class__
return '<%s.%s object at 0x%x type=%s>' % (
kls.__module__, kls.__name__, id(self), self.type)
class OracleDialect_zxjdbc(ZxJDBCConnector, OracleDialect):
jdbc_db_name = 'oracle'
jdbc_driver_name = 'oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver'
statement_compiler = OracleCompiler_zxjdbc
execution_ctx_cls = OracleExecutionContext_zxjdbc
colspecs = util.update_copy(
OracleDialect.colspecs,
{
sqltypes.Date: _ZxJDBCDate,
sqltypes.Numeric: _ZxJDBCNumeric
}
)
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(OracleDialect_zxjdbc, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
global SQLException, zxJDBC
from java.sql import SQLException
from com.ziclix.python.sql import zxJDBC
from com.ziclix.python.sql.handler import OracleDataHandler
class OracleReturningDataHandler(OracleDataHandler):
"""zxJDBC DataHandler that specially handles ReturningParam."""
def setJDBCObject(self, statement, index, object, dbtype=None):
if type(object) is ReturningParam:
statement.registerReturnParameter(index, object.type)
elif dbtype is None:
OracleDataHandler.setJDBCObject(
self, statement, index, object)
else:
OracleDataHandler.setJDBCObject(
self, statement, index, object, dbtype)
self.DataHandler = OracleReturningDataHandler
def initialize(self, connection):
super(OracleDialect_zxjdbc, self).initialize(connection)
self.implicit_returning = \
connection.connection.driverversion >= '10.2'
def _create_jdbc_url(self, url):
return 'jdbc:oracle:thin:@%s:%s:%s' % (
url.host, url.port or 1521, url.database)
def _get_server_version_info(self, connection):
version = re.search(
r'Release ([\d\.]+)', connection.connection.dbversion).group(1)
return tuple(int(x) for x in version.split('.'))
dialect = OracleDialect_zxjdbc

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sqlalchemy/dialects/postgres.py
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@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
# backwards compat with the old name
from sqlalchemy.util import warn_deprecated
warn_deprecated(
"The SQLAlchemy PostgreSQL dialect has been renamed from 'postgres' to 'postgresql'. "
"The new URL format is postgresql[+driver]://<user>:<pass>@<host>/<dbname>"
)
from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import *
from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import base

36
sqlalchemy/dialects/postgresql/__init__.py
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@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
# postgresql/__init__.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from . import base, psycopg2, pg8000, pypostgresql, pygresql, \
zxjdbc, psycopg2cffi
base.dialect = psycopg2.dialect
from .base import \
INTEGER, BIGINT, SMALLINT, VARCHAR, CHAR, TEXT, NUMERIC, FLOAT, REAL, \
INET, CIDR, UUID, BIT, MACADDR, OID, DOUBLE_PRECISION, TIMESTAMP, TIME, \
DATE, BYTEA, BOOLEAN, INTERVAL, ENUM, dialect, TSVECTOR, DropEnumType, \
CreateEnumType
from .hstore import HSTORE, hstore
from .json import JSON, JSONB
from .array import array, ARRAY, Any, All
from .ext import aggregate_order_by, ExcludeConstraint, array_agg
from .dml import insert, Insert
from .ranges import INT4RANGE, INT8RANGE, NUMRANGE, DATERANGE, TSRANGE, \
TSTZRANGE
__all__ = (
'INTEGER', 'BIGINT', 'SMALLINT', 'VARCHAR', 'CHAR', 'TEXT', 'NUMERIC',
'FLOAT', 'REAL', 'INET', 'CIDR', 'UUID', 'BIT', 'MACADDR', 'OID',
'DOUBLE_PRECISION', 'TIMESTAMP', 'TIME', 'DATE', 'BYTEA', 'BOOLEAN',
'INTERVAL', 'ARRAY', 'ENUM', 'dialect', 'array', 'HSTORE',
'hstore', 'INT4RANGE', 'INT8RANGE', 'NUMRANGE', 'DATERANGE',
'TSRANGE', 'TSTZRANGE', 'json', 'JSON', 'JSONB', 'Any', 'All',
'DropEnumType', 'CreateEnumType', 'ExcludeConstraint',
'aggregate_order_by', 'array_agg', 'insert', 'Insert'
)

314
sqlalchemy/dialects/postgresql/array.py
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@ -1,314 +0,0 @@
# postgresql/array.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from .base import ischema_names
from ...sql import expression, operators
from ...sql.base import SchemaEventTarget
from ... import types as sqltypes
try:
from uuid import UUID as _python_UUID
except ImportError:
_python_UUID = None
def Any(other, arrexpr, operator=operators.eq):
"""A synonym for the :meth:`.ARRAY.Comparator.any` method.
This method is legacy and is here for backwards-compatibility.
.. seealso::
:func:`.expression.any_`
"""
return arrexpr.any(other, operator)
def All(other, arrexpr, operator=operators.eq):
"""A synonym for the :meth:`.ARRAY.Comparator.all` method.
This method is legacy and is here for backwards-compatibility.
.. seealso::
:func:`.expression.all_`
"""
return arrexpr.all(other, operator)
class array(expression.Tuple):
"""A PostgreSQL ARRAY literal.
This is used to produce ARRAY literals in SQL expressions, e.g.::
from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import array
from sqlalchemy.dialects import postgresql
from sqlalchemy import select, func
stmt = select([
array([1,2]) + array([3,4,5])
])
print stmt.compile(dialect=postgresql.dialect())
Produces the SQL::
SELECT ARRAY[%(param_1)s, %(param_2)s] ||
ARRAY[%(param_3)s, %(param_4)s, %(param_5)s]) AS anon_1
An instance of :class:`.array` will always have the datatype
:class:`.ARRAY`. The "inner" type of the array is inferred from
the values present, unless the ``type_`` keyword argument is passed::
array(['foo', 'bar'], type_=CHAR)
.. versionadded:: 0.8 Added the :class:`~.postgresql.array` literal type.
See also:
:class:`.postgresql.ARRAY`
"""
__visit_name__ = 'array'
def __init__(self, clauses, **kw):
super(array, self).__init__(*clauses, **kw)
self.type = ARRAY(self.type)
def _bind_param(self, operator, obj, _assume_scalar=False, type_=None):
if _assume_scalar or operator is operators.getitem:
# if getitem->slice were called, Indexable produces
# a Slice object from that
assert isinstance(obj, int)
return expression.BindParameter(
None, obj, _compared_to_operator=operator,
type_=type_,
_compared_to_type=self.type, unique=True)
else:
return array([
self._bind_param(operator, o, _assume_scalar=True, type_=type_)
for o in obj])
def self_group(self, against=None):
if (against in (
operators.any_op, operators.all_op, operators.getitem)):
return expression.Grouping(self)
else:
return self
CONTAINS = operators.custom_op("@>", precedence=5)
CONTAINED_BY = operators.custom_op("<@", precedence=5)
OVERLAP = operators.custom_op("&&", precedence=5)
class ARRAY(SchemaEventTarget, sqltypes.ARRAY):
"""PostgreSQL ARRAY type.
.. versionchanged:: 1.1 The :class:`.postgresql.ARRAY` type is now
a subclass of the core :class:`.types.ARRAY` type.
The :class:`.postgresql.ARRAY` type is constructed in the same way
as the core :class:`.types.ARRAY` type; a member type is required, and a
number of dimensions is recommended if the type is to be used for more
than one dimension::
from sqlalchemy.dialects import postgresql
mytable = Table("mytable", metadata,
Column("data", postgresql.ARRAY(Integer, dimensions=2))
)
The :class:`.postgresql.ARRAY` type provides all operations defined on the
core :class:`.types.ARRAY` type, including support for "dimensions", indexed
access, and simple matching such as :meth:`.types.ARRAY.Comparator.any`
and :meth:`.types.ARRAY.Comparator.all`. :class:`.postgresql.ARRAY` class also
provides PostgreSQL-specific methods for containment operations, including
:meth:`.postgresql.ARRAY.Comparator.contains`
:meth:`.postgresql.ARRAY.Comparator.contained_by`,
and :meth:`.postgresql.ARRAY.Comparator.overlap`, e.g.::
mytable.c.data.contains([1, 2])
The :class:`.postgresql.ARRAY` type may not be supported on all
PostgreSQL DBAPIs; it is currently known to work on psycopg2 only.
Additionally, the :class:`.postgresql.ARRAY` type does not work directly in
conjunction with the :class:`.ENUM` type. For a workaround, see the
special type at :ref:`postgresql_array_of_enum`.
.. seealso::
:class:`.types.ARRAY` - base array type
:class:`.postgresql.array` - produces a literal array value.
"""
class Comparator(sqltypes.ARRAY.Comparator):
"""Define comparison operations for :class:`.ARRAY`.
Note that these operations are in addition to those provided
by the base :class:`.types.ARRAY.Comparator` class, including
:meth:`.types.ARRAY.Comparator.any` and
:meth:`.types.ARRAY.Comparator.all`.
"""
def contains(self, other, **kwargs):
"""Boolean expression. Test if elements are a superset of the
elements of the argument array expression.
"""
return self.operate(CONTAINS, other, result_type=sqltypes.Boolean)
def contained_by(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Test if elements are a proper subset of the
elements of the argument array expression.
"""
return self.operate(
CONTAINED_BY, other, result_type=sqltypes.Boolean)
def overlap(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Test if array has elements in common with
an argument array expression.
"""
return self.operate(OVERLAP, other, result_type=sqltypes.Boolean)
comparator_factory = Comparator
def __init__(self, item_type, as_tuple=False, dimensions=None,
zero_indexes=False):
"""Construct an ARRAY.
E.g.::
Column('myarray', ARRAY(Integer))
Arguments are:
:param item_type: The data type of items of this array. Note that
dimensionality is irrelevant here, so multi-dimensional arrays like
``INTEGER[][]``, are constructed as ``ARRAY(Integer)``, not as
``ARRAY(ARRAY(Integer))`` or such.
:param as_tuple=False: Specify whether return results
should be converted to tuples from lists. DBAPIs such
as psycopg2 return lists by default. When tuples are
returned, the results are hashable.
:param dimensions: if non-None, the ARRAY will assume a fixed
number of dimensions. This will cause the DDL emitted for this
ARRAY to include the exact number of bracket clauses ``[]``,
and will also optimize the performance of the type overall.
Note that PG arrays are always implicitly "non-dimensioned",
meaning they can store any number of dimensions no matter how
they were declared.
:param zero_indexes=False: when True, index values will be converted
between Python zero-based and PostgreSQL one-based indexes, e.g.
a value of one will be added to all index values before passing
to the database.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.5
"""
if isinstance(item_type, ARRAY):
raise ValueError("Do not nest ARRAY types; ARRAY(basetype) "
"handles multi-dimensional arrays of basetype")
if isinstance(item_type, type):
item_type = item_type()
self.item_type = item_type
self.as_tuple = as_tuple
self.dimensions = dimensions
self.zero_indexes = zero_indexes
@property
def hashable(self):
return self.as_tuple
@property
def python_type(self):
return list
def compare_values(self, x, y):
return x == y
def _set_parent(self, column):
"""Support SchemaEventTarget"""
if isinstance(self.item_type, SchemaEventTarget):
self.item_type._set_parent(column)
def _set_parent_with_dispatch(self, parent):
"""Support SchemaEventTarget"""
if isinstance(self.item_type, SchemaEventTarget):
self.item_type._set_parent_with_dispatch(parent)
def _proc_array(self, arr, itemproc, dim, collection):
if dim is None:
arr = list(arr)
if dim == 1 or dim is None and (
# this has to be (list, tuple), or at least
# not hasattr('__iter__'), since Py3K strings
# etc. have __iter__
not arr or not isinstance(arr[0], (list, tuple))):
if itemproc:
return collection(itemproc(x) for x in arr)
else:
return collection(arr)
else:
return collection(
self._proc_array(
x, itemproc,
dim - 1 if dim is not None else None,
collection)
for x in arr
)
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
item_proc = self.item_type.dialect_impl(dialect).\
bind_processor(dialect)
def process(value):
if value is None:
return value
else:
return self._proc_array(
value,
item_proc,
self.dimensions,
list)
return process
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
item_proc = self.item_type.dialect_impl(dialect).\
result_processor(dialect, coltype)
def process(value):
if value is None:
return value
else:
return self._proc_array(
value,
item_proc,
self.dimensions,
tuple if self.as_tuple else list)
return process
ischema_names['_array'] = ARRAY

2989
sqlalchemy/dialects/postgresql/base.py
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213
sqlalchemy/dialects/postgresql/dml.py
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# postgresql/on_conflict.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from ...sql.elements import ClauseElement, _literal_as_binds
from ...sql.dml import Insert as StandardInsert
from ...sql.expression import alias
from ...sql import schema
from ...util.langhelpers import public_factory
from ...sql.base import _generative
from ... import util
from . import ext
__all__ = ('Insert', 'insert')
class Insert(StandardInsert):
"""PostgreSQL-specific implementation of INSERT.
Adds methods for PG-specific syntaxes such as ON CONFLICT.
.. versionadded:: 1.1
"""
@util.memoized_property
def excluded(self):
"""Provide the ``excluded`` namespace for an ON CONFLICT statement
PG's ON CONFLICT clause allows reference to the row that would
be inserted, known as ``excluded``. This attribute provides
all columns in this row to be referenaceable.
.. seealso::
:ref:`postgresql_insert_on_conflict` - example of how
to use :attr:`.Insert.excluded`
"""
return alias(self.table, name='excluded').columns
@_generative
def on_conflict_do_update(
self,
constraint=None, index_elements=None,
index_where=None, set_=None, where=None):
"""
Specifies a DO UPDATE SET action for ON CONFLICT clause.
Either the ``constraint`` or ``index_elements`` argument is
required, but only one of these can be specified.
:param constraint:
The name of a unique or exclusion constraint on the table,
or the constraint object itself if it has a .name attribute.
:param index_elements:
A sequence consisting of string column names, :class:`.Column`
objects, or other column expression objects that will be used
to infer a target index.
:param index_where:
Additional WHERE criterion that can be used to infer a
conditional target index.
:param set_:
Required argument. A dictionary or other mapping object
with column names as keys and expressions or literals as values,
specifying the ``SET`` actions to take.
If the target :class:`.Column` specifies a ".key" attribute distinct
from the column name, that key should be used.
.. warning:: This dictionary does **not** take into account
Python-specified default UPDATE values or generation functions,
e.g. those specified using :paramref:`.Column.onupdate`.
These values will not be exercised for an ON CONFLICT style of
UPDATE, unless they are manually specified in the
:paramref:`.Insert.on_conflict_do_update.set_` dictionary.
:param where:
Optional argument. If present, can be a literal SQL
string or an acceptable expression for a ``WHERE`` clause
that restricts the rows affected by ``DO UPDATE SET``. Rows
not meeting the ``WHERE`` condition will not be updated
(effectively a ``DO NOTHING`` for those rows).
.. versionadded:: 1.1
.. seealso::
:ref:`postgresql_insert_on_conflict`
"""
self._post_values_clause = OnConflictDoUpdate(
constraint, index_elements, index_where, set_, where)
return self
@_generative
def on_conflict_do_nothing(
self,
constraint=None, index_elements=None, index_where=None):
"""
Specifies a DO NOTHING action for ON CONFLICT clause.
The ``constraint`` and ``index_elements`` arguments
are optional, but only one of these can be specified.
:param constraint:
The name of a unique or exclusion constraint on the table,
or the constraint object itself if it has a .name attribute.
:param index_elements:
A sequence consisting of string column names, :class:`.Column`
objects, or other column expression objects that will be used
to infer a target index.
:param index_where:
Additional WHERE criterion that can be used to infer a
conditional target index.
.. versionadded:: 1.1
.. seealso::
:ref:`postgresql_insert_on_conflict`
"""
self._post_values_clause = OnConflictDoNothing(
constraint, index_elements, index_where)
return self
insert = public_factory(Insert, '.dialects.postgresql.insert')
class OnConflictClause(ClauseElement):
def __init__(
self,
constraint=None,
index_elements=None,
index_where=None):
if constraint is not None:
if not isinstance(constraint, util.string_types) and \
isinstance(constraint, (
schema.Index, schema.Constraint,
ext.ExcludeConstraint)):
constraint = getattr(constraint, 'name') or constraint
if constraint is not None:
if index_elements is not None:
raise ValueError(
"'constraint' and 'index_elements' are mutually exclusive")
if isinstance(constraint, util.string_types):
self.constraint_target = constraint
self.inferred_target_elements = None
self.inferred_target_whereclause = None
elif isinstance(constraint, schema.Index):
index_elements = constraint.expressions
index_where = \
constraint.dialect_options['postgresql'].get("where")
elif isinstance(constraint, ext.ExcludeConstraint):
index_elements = constraint.columns
index_where = constraint.where
else:
index_elements = constraint.columns
index_where = \
constraint.dialect_options['postgresql'].get("where")
if index_elements is not None:
self.constraint_target = None
self.inferred_target_elements = index_elements
self.inferred_target_whereclause = index_where
elif constraint is None:
self.constraint_target = self.inferred_target_elements = \
self.inferred_target_whereclause = None
class OnConflictDoNothing(OnConflictClause):
__visit_name__ = 'on_conflict_do_nothing'
class OnConflictDoUpdate(OnConflictClause):
__visit_name__ = 'on_conflict_do_update'
def __init__(
self,
constraint=None,
index_elements=None,
index_where=None,
set_=None,
where=None):
super(OnConflictDoUpdate, self).__init__(
constraint=constraint,
index_elements=index_elements,
index_where=index_where)
if self.inferred_target_elements is None and \
self.constraint_target is None:
raise ValueError(
"Either constraint or index_elements, "
"but not both, must be specified unless DO NOTHING")
if (not isinstance(set_, dict) or not set_):
raise ValueError("set parameter must be a non-empty dictionary")
self.update_values_to_set = [
(key, value)
for key, value in set_.items()
]
self.update_whereclause = where

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sqlalchemy/dialects/postgresql/ext.py
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@ -1,218 +0,0 @@
# postgresql/ext.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from ...sql import expression
from ...sql import elements
from ...sql import functions
from ...sql.schema import ColumnCollectionConstraint
from .array import ARRAY
class aggregate_order_by(expression.ColumnElement):
"""Represent a PostgreSQL aggregate order by expression.
E.g.::
from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import aggregate_order_by
expr = func.array_agg(aggregate_order_by(table.c.a, table.c.b.desc()))
stmt = select([expr])
would represent the expression::
SELECT array_agg(a ORDER BY b DESC) FROM table;
Similarly::
expr = func.string_agg(
table.c.a,
aggregate_order_by(literal_column("','"), table.c.a)
)
stmt = select([expr])
Would represent::
SELECT string_agg(a, ',' ORDER BY a) FROM table;
.. versionadded:: 1.1
.. seealso::
:class:`.array_agg`
"""
__visit_name__ = 'aggregate_order_by'
def __init__(self, target, order_by):
self.target = elements._literal_as_binds(target)
self.order_by = elements._literal_as_binds(order_by)
def self_group(self, against=None):
return self
def get_children(self, **kwargs):
return self.target, self.order_by
def _copy_internals(self, clone=elements._clone, **kw):
self.target = clone(self.target, **kw)
self.order_by = clone(self.order_by, **kw)
@property
def _from_objects(self):
return self.target._from_objects + self.order_by._from_objects
class ExcludeConstraint(ColumnCollectionConstraint):
"""A table-level EXCLUDE constraint.
Defines an EXCLUDE constraint as described in the `postgres
documentation`__.
__ http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/\
static/sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-EXCLUDE
"""
__visit_name__ = 'exclude_constraint'
where = None
def __init__(self, *elements, **kw):
r"""
Create an :class:`.ExcludeConstraint` object.
E.g.::
const = ExcludeConstraint(
(Column('period'), '&&'),
(Column('group'), '='),
where=(Column('group') != 'some group')
)
The constraint is normally embedded into the :class:`.Table` construct
directly, or added later using :meth:`.append_constraint`::
some_table = Table(
'some_table', metadata,
Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
Column('period', TSRANGE()),
Column('group', String)
)
some_table.append_constraint(
ExcludeConstraint(
(some_table.c.period, '&&'),
(some_table.c.group, '='),
where=some_table.c.group != 'some group',
name='some_table_excl_const'
)
)
:param \*elements:
A sequence of two tuples of the form ``(column, operator)`` where
"column" is a SQL expression element or a raw SQL string, most
typically a :class:`.Column` object,
and "operator" is a string containing the operator to use.
.. note::
A plain string passed for the value of "column" is interpreted
as an arbitrary SQL expression; when passing a plain string,
any necessary quoting and escaping syntaxes must be applied
manually. In order to specify a column name when a
:class:`.Column` object is not available, while ensuring that
any necessary quoting rules take effect, an ad-hoc
:class:`.Column` or :func:`.sql.expression.column` object may
be used.
:param name:
Optional, the in-database name of this constraint.
:param deferrable:
Optional bool. If set, emit DEFERRABLE or NOT DEFERRABLE when
issuing DDL for this constraint.
:param initially:
Optional string. If set, emit INITIALLY <value> when issuing DDL
for this constraint.
:param using:
Optional string. If set, emit USING <index_method> when issuing DDL
for this constraint. Defaults to 'gist'.
:param where:
Optional SQL expression construct or literal SQL string.
If set, emit WHERE <predicate> when issuing DDL
for this constraint.
.. note::
A plain string passed here is interpreted as an arbitrary SQL
expression; when passing a plain string, any necessary quoting
and escaping syntaxes must be applied manually.
"""
columns = []
render_exprs = []
self.operators = {}
expressions, operators = zip(*elements)
for (expr, column, strname, add_element), operator in zip(
self._extract_col_expression_collection(expressions),
operators
):
if add_element is not None:
columns.append(add_element)
name = column.name if column is not None else strname
if name is not None:
# backwards compat
self.operators[name] = operator
expr = expression._literal_as_text(expr)
render_exprs.append(
(expr, name, operator)
)
self._render_exprs = render_exprs
ColumnCollectionConstraint.__init__(
self,
*columns,
name=kw.get('name'),
deferrable=kw.get('deferrable'),
initially=kw.get('initially')
)
self.using = kw.get('using', 'gist')
where = kw.get('where')
if where is not None:
self.where = expression._literal_as_text(where)
def copy(self, **kw):
elements = [(col, self.operators[col])
for col in self.columns.keys()]
c = self.__class__(*elements,
name=self.name,
deferrable=self.deferrable,
initially=self.initially,
where=self.where,
using=self.using)
c.dispatch._update(self.dispatch)
return c
def array_agg(*arg, **kw):
"""PostgreSQL-specific form of :class:`.array_agg`, ensures
return type is :class:`.postgresql.ARRAY` and not
the plain :class:`.types.ARRAY`.
.. versionadded:: 1.1
"""
kw['type_'] = ARRAY(functions._type_from_args(arg))
return functions.func.array_agg(*arg, **kw)

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sqlalchemy/dialects/postgresql/hstore.py
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@ -1,420 +0,0 @@
# postgresql/hstore.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
import re
from .base import ischema_names
from .array import ARRAY
from ... import types as sqltypes
from ...sql import functions as sqlfunc
from ...sql import operators
from ... import util
__all__ = ('HSTORE', 'hstore')
idx_precedence = operators._PRECEDENCE[operators.json_getitem_op]
GETITEM = operators.custom_op(
"->", precedence=idx_precedence, natural_self_precedent=True,
eager_grouping=True
)
HAS_KEY = operators.custom_op(
"?", precedence=idx_precedence, natural_self_precedent=True,
eager_grouping=True
)
HAS_ALL = operators.custom_op(
"?&", precedence=idx_precedence, natural_self_precedent=True,
eager_grouping=True
)
HAS_ANY = operators.custom_op(
"?|", precedence=idx_precedence, natural_self_precedent=True,
eager_grouping=True
)
CONTAINS = operators.custom_op(
"@>", precedence=idx_precedence, natural_self_precedent=True,
eager_grouping=True
)
CONTAINED_BY = operators.custom_op(
"<@", precedence=idx_precedence, natural_self_precedent=True,
eager_grouping=True
)
class HSTORE(sqltypes.Indexable, sqltypes.Concatenable, sqltypes.TypeEngine):
"""Represent the PostgreSQL HSTORE type.
The :class:`.HSTORE` type stores dictionaries containing strings, e.g.::
data_table = Table('data_table', metadata,
Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
Column('data', HSTORE)
)
with engine.connect() as conn:
conn.execute(
data_table.insert(),
data = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
)
:class:`.HSTORE` provides for a wide range of operations, including:
* Index operations::
data_table.c.data['some key'] == 'some value'
* Containment operations::
data_table.c.data.has_key('some key')
data_table.c.data.has_all(['one', 'two', 'three'])
* Concatenation::
data_table.c.data + {"k1": "v1"}
For a full list of special methods see
:class:`.HSTORE.comparator_factory`.
For usage with the SQLAlchemy ORM, it may be desirable to combine
the usage of :class:`.HSTORE` with :class:`.MutableDict` dictionary
now part of the :mod:`sqlalchemy.ext.mutable`
extension. This extension will allow "in-place" changes to the
dictionary, e.g. addition of new keys or replacement/removal of existing
keys to/from the current dictionary, to produce events which will be
detected by the unit of work::
from sqlalchemy.ext.mutable import MutableDict
class MyClass(Base):
__tablename__ = 'data_table'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
data = Column(MutableDict.as_mutable(HSTORE))
my_object = session.query(MyClass).one()
# in-place mutation, requires Mutable extension
# in order for the ORM to detect
my_object.data['some_key'] = 'some value'
session.commit()
When the :mod:`sqlalchemy.ext.mutable` extension is not used, the ORM
will not be alerted to any changes to the contents of an existing
dictionary, unless that dictionary value is re-assigned to the
HSTORE-attribute itself, thus generating a change event.
.. versionadded:: 0.8
.. seealso::
:class:`.hstore` - render the PostgreSQL ``hstore()`` function.
"""
__visit_name__ = 'HSTORE'
hashable = False
text_type = sqltypes.Text()
def __init__(self, text_type=None):
"""Construct a new :class:`.HSTORE`.
:param text_type: the type that should be used for indexed values.
Defaults to :class:`.types.Text`.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.0
"""
if text_type is not None:
self.text_type = text_type
class Comparator(
sqltypes.Indexable.Comparator, sqltypes.Concatenable.Comparator):
"""Define comparison operations for :class:`.HSTORE`."""
def has_key(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Test for presence of a key. Note that the
key may be a SQLA expression.
"""
return self.operate(HAS_KEY, other, result_type=sqltypes.Boolean)
def has_all(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Test for presence of all keys in jsonb
"""
return self.operate(HAS_ALL, other, result_type=sqltypes.Boolean)
def has_any(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Test for presence of any key in jsonb
"""
return self.operate(HAS_ANY, other, result_type=sqltypes.Boolean)
def contains(self, other, **kwargs):
"""Boolean expression. Test if keys (or array) are a superset
of/contained the keys of the argument jsonb expression.
"""
return self.operate(CONTAINS, other, result_type=sqltypes.Boolean)
def contained_by(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Test if keys are a proper subset of the
keys of the argument jsonb expression.
"""
return self.operate(
CONTAINED_BY, other, result_type=sqltypes.Boolean)
def _setup_getitem(self, index):
return GETITEM, index, self.type.text_type
def defined(self, key):
"""Boolean expression. Test for presence of a non-NULL value for
the key. Note that the key may be a SQLA expression.
"""
return _HStoreDefinedFunction(self.expr, key)
def delete(self, key):
"""HStore expression. Returns the contents of this hstore with the
given key deleted. Note that the key may be a SQLA expression.
"""
if isinstance(key, dict):
key = _serialize_hstore(key)
return _HStoreDeleteFunction(self.expr, key)
def slice(self, array):
"""HStore expression. Returns a subset of an hstore defined by
array of keys.
"""
return _HStoreSliceFunction(self.expr, array)
def keys(self):
"""Text array expression. Returns array of keys."""
return _HStoreKeysFunction(self.expr)
def vals(self):
"""Text array expression. Returns array of values."""
return _HStoreValsFunction(self.expr)
def array(self):
"""Text array expression. Returns array of alternating keys and
values.
"""
return _HStoreArrayFunction(self.expr)
def matrix(self):
"""Text array expression. Returns array of [key, value] pairs."""
return _HStoreMatrixFunction(self.expr)
comparator_factory = Comparator
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
if util.py2k:
encoding = dialect.encoding
def process(value):
if isinstance(value, dict):
return _serialize_hstore(value).encode(encoding)
else:
return value
else:
def process(value):
if isinstance(value, dict):
return _serialize_hstore(value)
else:
return value
return process
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if util.py2k:
encoding = dialect.encoding
def process(value):
if value is not None:
return _parse_hstore(value.decode(encoding))
else:
return value
else:
def process(value):
if value is not None:
return _parse_hstore(value)
else:
return value
return process
ischema_names['hstore'] = HSTORE
class hstore(sqlfunc.GenericFunction):
"""Construct an hstore value within a SQL expression using the
PostgreSQL ``hstore()`` function.
The :class:`.hstore` function accepts one or two arguments as described
in the PostgreSQL documentation.
E.g.::
from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import array, hstore
select([hstore('key1', 'value1')])
select([
hstore(
array(['key1', 'key2', 'key3']),
array(['value1', 'value2', 'value3'])
)
])
.. versionadded:: 0.8
.. seealso::
:class:`.HSTORE` - the PostgreSQL ``HSTORE`` datatype.
"""
type = HSTORE
name = 'hstore'
class _HStoreDefinedFunction(sqlfunc.GenericFunction):
type = sqltypes.Boolean
name = 'defined'
class _HStoreDeleteFunction(sqlfunc.GenericFunction):
type = HSTORE
name = 'delete'
class _HStoreSliceFunction(sqlfunc.GenericFunction):
type = HSTORE
name = 'slice'
class _HStoreKeysFunction(sqlfunc.GenericFunction):
type = ARRAY(sqltypes.Text)
name = 'akeys'
class _HStoreValsFunction(sqlfunc.GenericFunction):
type = ARRAY(sqltypes.Text)
name = 'avals'
class _HStoreArrayFunction(sqlfunc.GenericFunction):
type = ARRAY(sqltypes.Text)
name = 'hstore_to_array'
class _HStoreMatrixFunction(sqlfunc.GenericFunction):
type = ARRAY(sqltypes.Text)
name = 'hstore_to_matrix'
#
# parsing. note that none of this is used with the psycopg2 backend,
# which provides its own native extensions.
#
# My best guess at the parsing rules of hstore literals, since no formal
# grammar is given. This is mostly reverse engineered from PG's input parser
# behavior.
HSTORE_PAIR_RE = re.compile(r"""
(
"(?P<key> (\\ . | [^"])* )" # Quoted key
)
[ ]* => [ ]* # Pair operator, optional adjoining whitespace
(
(?P<value_null> NULL ) # NULL value
| "(?P<value> (\\ . | [^"])* )" # Quoted value
)
""", re.VERBOSE)
HSTORE_DELIMITER_RE = re.compile(r"""
[ ]* , [ ]*
""", re.VERBOSE)
def _parse_error(hstore_str, pos):
"""format an unmarshalling error."""
ctx = 20
hslen = len(hstore_str)
parsed_tail = hstore_str[max(pos - ctx - 1, 0):min(pos, hslen)]
residual = hstore_str[min(pos, hslen):min(pos + ctx + 1, hslen)]
if len(parsed_tail) > ctx:
parsed_tail = '[...]' + parsed_tail[1:]
if len(residual) > ctx:
residual = residual[:-1] + '[...]'
return "After %r, could not parse residual at position %d: %r" % (
parsed_tail, pos, residual)
def _parse_hstore(hstore_str):
"""Parse an hstore from its literal string representation.
Attempts to approximate PG's hstore input parsing rules as closely as
possible. Although currently this is not strictly necessary, since the
current implementation of hstore's output syntax is stricter than what it
accepts as input, the documentation makes no guarantees that will always
be the case.
"""
result = {}
pos = 0
pair_match = HSTORE_PAIR_RE.match(hstore_str)
while pair_match is not None:
key = pair_match.group('key').replace(r'\"', '"').replace(
"\\\\", "\\")
if pair_match.group('value_null'):
value = None
else:
value = pair_match.group('value').replace(
r'\"', '"').replace("\\\\", "\\")
result[key] = value
pos += pair_match.end()
delim_match = HSTORE_DELIMITER_RE.match(hstore_str[pos:])
if delim_match is not None:
pos += delim_match.end()
pair_match = HSTORE_PAIR_RE.match(hstore_str[pos:])
if pos != len(hstore_str):
raise ValueError(_parse_error(hstore_str, pos))
return result
def _serialize_hstore(val):
"""Serialize a dictionary into an hstore literal. Keys and values must
both be strings (except None for values).
"""
def esc(s, position):
if position == 'value' and s is None:
return 'NULL'
elif isinstance(s, util.string_types):
return '"%s"' % s.replace("\\", "\\\\").replace('"', r'\"')
else:
raise ValueError("%r in %s position is not a string." %
(s, position))
return ', '.join('%s=>%s' % (esc(k, 'key'), esc(v, 'value'))
for k, v in val.items())

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# postgresql/json.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from __future__ import absolute_import
import json
import collections
from .base import ischema_names, colspecs
from ... import types as sqltypes
from ...sql import operators
from ...sql import elements
from ... import util
__all__ = ('JSON', 'JSONB')
idx_precedence = operators._PRECEDENCE[operators.json_getitem_op]
ASTEXT = operators.custom_op(
"->>", precedence=idx_precedence, natural_self_precedent=True,
eager_grouping=True
)
JSONPATH_ASTEXT = operators.custom_op(
"#>>", precedence=idx_precedence, natural_self_precedent=True,
eager_grouping=True
)
HAS_KEY = operators.custom_op(
"?", precedence=idx_precedence, natural_self_precedent=True,
eager_grouping=True
)
HAS_ALL = operators.custom_op(
"?&", precedence=idx_precedence, natural_self_precedent=True,
eager_grouping=True
)
HAS_ANY = operators.custom_op(
"?|", precedence=idx_precedence, natural_self_precedent=True,
eager_grouping=True
)
CONTAINS = operators.custom_op(
"@>", precedence=idx_precedence, natural_self_precedent=True,
eager_grouping=True
)
CONTAINED_BY = operators.custom_op(
"<@", precedence=idx_precedence, natural_self_precedent=True,
eager_grouping=True
)
class JSONPathType(sqltypes.JSON.JSONPathType):
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
super_proc = self.string_bind_processor(dialect)
def process(value):
assert isinstance(value, collections.Sequence)
tokens = [util.text_type(elem)for elem in value]
value = "{%s}" % (", ".join(tokens))
if super_proc:
value = super_proc(value)
return value
return process
def literal_processor(self, dialect):
super_proc = self.string_literal_processor(dialect)
def process(value):
assert isinstance(value, collections.Sequence)
tokens = [util.text_type(elem)for elem in value]
value = "{%s}" % (", ".join(tokens))
if super_proc:
value = super_proc(value)
return value
return process
colspecs[sqltypes.JSON.JSONPathType] = JSONPathType
class JSON(sqltypes.JSON):
"""Represent the PostgreSQL JSON type.
This type is a specialization of the Core-level :class:`.types.JSON`
type. Be sure to read the documentation for :class:`.types.JSON` for
important tips regarding treatment of NULL values and ORM use.
.. versionchanged:: 1.1 :class:`.postgresql.JSON` is now a PostgreSQL-
specific specialization of the new :class:`.types.JSON` type.
The operators provided by the PostgreSQL version of :class:`.JSON`
include:
* Index operations (the ``->`` operator)::
data_table.c.data['some key']
data_table.c.data[5]
* Index operations returning text (the ``->>`` operator)::
data_table.c.data['some key'].astext == 'some value'
* Index operations with CAST
(equivalent to ``CAST(col ->> ['some key'] AS <type>)``)::
data_table.c.data['some key'].astext.cast(Integer) == 5
* Path index operations (the ``#>`` operator)::
data_table.c.data[('key_1', 'key_2', 5, ..., 'key_n')]
* Path index operations returning text (the ``#>>`` operator)::
data_table.c.data[('key_1', 'key_2', 5, ..., 'key_n')].astext == \
'some value'
.. versionchanged:: 1.1 The :meth:`.ColumnElement.cast` operator on
JSON objects now requires that the :attr:`.JSON.Comparator.astext`
modifier be called explicitly, if the cast works only from a textual
string.
Index operations return an expression object whose type defaults to
:class:`.JSON` by default, so that further JSON-oriented instructions
may be called upon the result type.
Custom serializers and deserializers are specified at the dialect level,
that is using :func:`.create_engine`. The reason for this is that when
using psycopg2, the DBAPI only allows serializers at the per-cursor
or per-connection level. E.g.::
engine = create_engine("postgresql://scott:tiger@localhost/test",
json_serializer=my_serialize_fn,
json_deserializer=my_deserialize_fn
)
When using the psycopg2 dialect, the json_deserializer is registered
against the database using ``psycopg2.extras.register_default_json``.
.. seealso::
:class:`.types.JSON` - Core level JSON type
:class:`.JSONB`
"""
astext_type = sqltypes.Text()
def __init__(self, none_as_null=False, astext_type=None):
"""Construct a :class:`.JSON` type.
:param none_as_null: if True, persist the value ``None`` as a
SQL NULL value, not the JSON encoding of ``null``. Note that
when this flag is False, the :func:`.null` construct can still
be used to persist a NULL value::
from sqlalchemy import null
conn.execute(table.insert(), data=null())
.. versionchanged:: 0.9.8 - Added ``none_as_null``, and :func:`.null`
is now supported in order to persist a NULL value.
.. seealso::
:attr:`.JSON.NULL`
:param astext_type: the type to use for the
:attr:`.JSON.Comparator.astext`
accessor on indexed attributes. Defaults to :class:`.types.Text`.
.. versionadded:: 1.1
"""
super(JSON, self).__init__(none_as_null=none_as_null)
if astext_type is not None:
self.astext_type = astext_type
class Comparator(sqltypes.JSON.Comparator):
"""Define comparison operations for :class:`.JSON`."""
@property
def astext(self):
"""On an indexed expression, use the "astext" (e.g. "->>")
conversion when rendered in SQL.
E.g.::
select([data_table.c.data['some key'].astext])
.. seealso::
:meth:`.ColumnElement.cast`
"""
if isinstance(self.expr.right.type, sqltypes.JSON.JSONPathType):
return self.expr.left.operate(
JSONPATH_ASTEXT,
self.expr.right, result_type=self.type.astext_type)
else:
return self.expr.left.operate(
ASTEXT, self.expr.right, result_type=self.type.astext_type)
comparator_factory = Comparator
colspecs[sqltypes.JSON] = JSON
ischema_names['json'] = JSON
class JSONB(JSON):
"""Represent the PostgreSQL JSONB type.
The :class:`.JSONB` type stores arbitrary JSONB format data, e.g.::
data_table = Table('data_table', metadata,
Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
Column('data', JSONB)
)
with engine.connect() as conn:
conn.execute(
data_table.insert(),
data = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
)
The :class:`.JSONB` type includes all operations provided by
:class:`.JSON`, including the same behaviors for indexing operations.
It also adds additional operators specific to JSONB, including
:meth:`.JSONB.Comparator.has_key`, :meth:`.JSONB.Comparator.has_all`,
:meth:`.JSONB.Comparator.has_any`, :meth:`.JSONB.Comparator.contains`,
and :meth:`.JSONB.Comparator.contained_by`.
Like the :class:`.JSON` type, the :class:`.JSONB` type does not detect
in-place changes when used with the ORM, unless the
:mod:`sqlalchemy.ext.mutable` extension is used.
Custom serializers and deserializers
are shared with the :class:`.JSON` class, using the ``json_serializer``
and ``json_deserializer`` keyword arguments. These must be specified
at the dialect level using :func:`.create_engine`. When using
psycopg2, the serializers are associated with the jsonb type using
``psycopg2.extras.register_default_jsonb`` on a per-connection basis,
in the same way that ``psycopg2.extras.register_default_json`` is used
to register these handlers with the json type.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.7
.. seealso::
:class:`.JSON`
"""
__visit_name__ = 'JSONB'
class Comparator(JSON.Comparator):
"""Define comparison operations for :class:`.JSON`."""
def has_key(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Test for presence of a key. Note that the
key may be a SQLA expression.
"""
return self.operate(HAS_KEY, other, result_type=sqltypes.Boolean)
def has_all(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Test for presence of all keys in jsonb
"""
return self.operate(HAS_ALL, other, result_type=sqltypes.Boolean)
def has_any(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Test for presence of any key in jsonb
"""
return self.operate(HAS_ANY, other, result_type=sqltypes.Boolean)
def contains(self, other, **kwargs):
"""Boolean expression. Test if keys (or array) are a superset
of/contained the keys of the argument jsonb expression.
"""
return self.operate(CONTAINS, other, result_type=sqltypes.Boolean)
def contained_by(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Test if keys are a proper subset of the
keys of the argument jsonb expression.
"""
return self.operate(
CONTAINED_BY, other, result_type=sqltypes.Boolean)
comparator_factory = Comparator
ischema_names['jsonb'] = JSONB

265
sqlalchemy/dialects/postgresql/pg8000.py
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@ -1,265 +0,0 @@
# postgresql/pg8000.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors <see AUTHORS
# file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: postgresql+pg8000
:name: pg8000
:dbapi: pg8000
:connectstring: \
postgresql+pg8000://user:password@host:port/dbname[?key=value&key=value...]
:url: https://pythonhosted.org/pg8000/
.. _pg8000_unicode:
Unicode
-------
pg8000 will encode / decode string values between it and the server using the
PostgreSQL ``client_encoding`` parameter; by default this is the value in
the ``postgresql.conf`` file, which often defaults to ``SQL_ASCII``.
Typically, this can be changed to ``utf-8``, as a more useful default::
#client_encoding = sql_ascii # actually, defaults to database
# encoding
client_encoding = utf8
The ``client_encoding`` can be overridden for a session by executing the SQL:
SET CLIENT_ENCODING TO 'utf8';
SQLAlchemy will execute this SQL on all new connections based on the value
passed to :func:`.create_engine` using the ``client_encoding`` parameter::
engine = create_engine(
"postgresql+pg8000://user:pass@host/dbname", client_encoding='utf8')
.. _pg8000_isolation_level:
pg8000 Transaction Isolation Level
-------------------------------------
The pg8000 dialect offers the same isolation level settings as that
of the :ref:`psycopg2 <psycopg2_isolation_level>` dialect:
* ``READ COMMITTED``
* ``READ UNCOMMITTED``
* ``REPEATABLE READ``
* ``SERIALIZABLE``
* ``AUTOCOMMIT``
.. versionadded:: 0.9.5 support for AUTOCOMMIT isolation level when using
pg8000.
.. seealso::
:ref:`postgresql_isolation_level`
:ref:`psycopg2_isolation_level`
"""
from ... import util, exc
import decimal
from ... import processors
from ... import types as sqltypes
from .base import (
PGDialect, PGCompiler, PGIdentifierPreparer, PGExecutionContext,
_DECIMAL_TYPES, _FLOAT_TYPES, _INT_TYPES)
import re
from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql.json import JSON
class _PGNumeric(sqltypes.Numeric):
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if self.asdecimal:
if coltype in _FLOAT_TYPES:
return processors.to_decimal_processor_factory(
decimal.Decimal, self._effective_decimal_return_scale)
elif coltype in _DECIMAL_TYPES or coltype in _INT_TYPES:
# pg8000 returns Decimal natively for 1700
return None
else:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"Unknown PG numeric type: %d" % coltype)
else:
if coltype in _FLOAT_TYPES:
# pg8000 returns float natively for 701
return None
elif coltype in _DECIMAL_TYPES or coltype in _INT_TYPES:
return processors.to_float
else:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"Unknown PG numeric type: %d" % coltype)
class _PGNumericNoBind(_PGNumeric):
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
return None
class _PGJSON(JSON):
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if dialect._dbapi_version > (1, 10, 1):
return None # Has native JSON
else:
return super(_PGJSON, self).result_processor(dialect, coltype)
class PGExecutionContext_pg8000(PGExecutionContext):
pass
class PGCompiler_pg8000(PGCompiler):
def visit_mod_binary(self, binary, operator, **kw):
return self.process(binary.left, **kw) + " %% " + \
self.process(binary.right, **kw)
def post_process_text(self, text):
if '%%' in text:
util.warn("The SQLAlchemy postgresql dialect "
"now automatically escapes '%' in text() "
"expressions to '%%'.")
return text.replace('%', '%%')
class PGIdentifierPreparer_pg8000(PGIdentifierPreparer):
def _escape_identifier(self, value):
value = value.replace(self.escape_quote, self.escape_to_quote)
return value.replace('%', '%%')
class PGDialect_pg8000(PGDialect):
driver = 'pg8000'
supports_unicode_statements = True
supports_unicode_binds = True
default_paramstyle = 'format'
supports_sane_multi_rowcount = True
execution_ctx_cls = PGExecutionContext_pg8000
statement_compiler = PGCompiler_pg8000
preparer = PGIdentifierPreparer_pg8000
description_encoding = 'use_encoding'
colspecs = util.update_copy(
PGDialect.colspecs,
{
sqltypes.Numeric: _PGNumericNoBind,
sqltypes.Float: _PGNumeric,
JSON: _PGJSON,
sqltypes.JSON: _PGJSON
}
)
def __init__(self, client_encoding=None, **kwargs):
PGDialect.__init__(self, **kwargs)
self.client_encoding = client_encoding
def initialize(self, connection):
self.supports_sane_multi_rowcount = self._dbapi_version >= (1, 9, 14)
super(PGDialect_pg8000, self).initialize(connection)
@util.memoized_property
def _dbapi_version(self):
if self.dbapi and hasattr(self.dbapi, '__version__'):
return tuple(
[
int(x) for x in re.findall(
r'(\d+)(?:[-\.]?|$)', self.dbapi.__version__)])
else:
return (99, 99, 99)
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
return __import__('pg8000')
def create_connect_args(self, url):
opts = url.translate_connect_args(username='user')
if 'port' in opts:
opts['port'] = int(opts['port'])
opts.update(url.query)
return ([], opts)
def is_disconnect(self, e, connection, cursor):
return "connection is closed" in str(e)
def set_isolation_level(self, connection, level):
level = level.replace('_', ' ')
# adjust for ConnectionFairy possibly being present
if hasattr(connection, 'connection'):
connection = connection.connection
if level == 'AUTOCOMMIT':
connection.autocommit = True
elif level in self._isolation_lookup:
connection.autocommit = False
cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.execute(
"SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION "
"ISOLATION LEVEL %s" % level)
cursor.execute("COMMIT")
cursor.close()
else:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Invalid value '%s' for isolation_level. "
"Valid isolation levels for %s are %s or AUTOCOMMIT" %
(level, self.name, ", ".join(self._isolation_lookup))
)
def set_client_encoding(self, connection, client_encoding):
# adjust for ConnectionFairy possibly being present
if hasattr(connection, 'connection'):
connection = connection.connection
cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.execute("SET CLIENT_ENCODING TO '" + client_encoding + "'")
cursor.execute("COMMIT")
cursor.close()
def do_begin_twophase(self, connection, xid):
connection.connection.tpc_begin((0, xid, ''))
def do_prepare_twophase(self, connection, xid):
connection.connection.tpc_prepare()
def do_rollback_twophase(
self, connection, xid, is_prepared=True, recover=False):
connection.connection.tpc_rollback((0, xid, ''))
def do_commit_twophase(
self, connection, xid, is_prepared=True, recover=False):
connection.connection.tpc_commit((0, xid, ''))
def do_recover_twophase(self, connection):
return [row[1] for row in connection.connection.tpc_recover()]
def on_connect(self):
fns = []
if self.client_encoding is not None:
def on_connect(conn):
self.set_client_encoding(conn, self.client_encoding)
fns.append(on_connect)
if self.isolation_level is not None:
def on_connect(conn):
self.set_isolation_level(conn, self.isolation_level)
fns.append(on_connect)
if len(fns) > 0:
def on_connect(conn):
for fn in fns:
fn(conn)
return on_connect
else:
return None
dialect = PGDialect_pg8000

702
sqlalchemy/dialects/postgresql/psycopg2.py
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@ -1,702 +0,0 @@
# postgresql/psycopg2.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: postgresql+psycopg2
:name: psycopg2
:dbapi: psycopg2
:connectstring: postgresql+psycopg2://user:password@host:port/dbname\
[?key=value&key=value...]
:url: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/psycopg2/
psycopg2 Connect Arguments
-----------------------------------
psycopg2-specific keyword arguments which are accepted by
:func:`.create_engine()` are:
* ``server_side_cursors``: Enable the usage of "server side cursors" for SQL
statements which support this feature. What this essentially means from a
psycopg2 point of view is that the cursor is created using a name, e.g.
``connection.cursor('some name')``, which has the effect that result rows
are not immediately pre-fetched and buffered after statement execution, but
are instead left on the server and only retrieved as needed. SQLAlchemy's
:class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.ResultProxy` uses special row-buffering
behavior when this feature is enabled, such that groups of 100 rows at a
time are fetched over the wire to reduce conversational overhead.
Note that the :paramref:`.Connection.execution_options.stream_results`
execution option is a more targeted
way of enabling this mode on a per-execution basis.
* ``use_native_unicode``: Enable the usage of Psycopg2 "native unicode" mode
per connection. True by default.
.. seealso::
:ref:`psycopg2_disable_native_unicode`
* ``isolation_level``: This option, available for all PostgreSQL dialects,
includes the ``AUTOCOMMIT`` isolation level when using the psycopg2
dialect.
.. seealso::
:ref:`psycopg2_isolation_level`
* ``client_encoding``: sets the client encoding in a libpq-agnostic way,
using psycopg2's ``set_client_encoding()`` method.
.. seealso::
:ref:`psycopg2_unicode`
Unix Domain Connections
------------------------
psycopg2 supports connecting via Unix domain connections. When the ``host``
portion of the URL is omitted, SQLAlchemy passes ``None`` to psycopg2,
which specifies Unix-domain communication rather than TCP/IP communication::
create_engine("postgresql+psycopg2://user:password@/dbname")
By default, the socket file used is to connect to a Unix-domain socket
in ``/tmp``, or whatever socket directory was specified when PostgreSQL
was built. This value can be overridden by passing a pathname to psycopg2,
using ``host`` as an additional keyword argument::
create_engine("postgresql+psycopg2://user:password@/dbname?\
host=/var/lib/postgresql")
See also:
`PQconnectdbParams <http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/static/\
libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-PQCONNECTDBPARAMS>`_
.. _psycopg2_execution_options:
Per-Statement/Connection Execution Options
-------------------------------------------
The following DBAPI-specific options are respected when used with
:meth:`.Connection.execution_options`, :meth:`.Executable.execution_options`,
:meth:`.Query.execution_options`, in addition to those not specific to DBAPIs:
* ``isolation_level`` - Set the transaction isolation level for the lifespan of a
:class:`.Connection` (can only be set on a connection, not a statement
or query). See :ref:`psycopg2_isolation_level`.
* ``stream_results`` - Enable or disable usage of psycopg2 server side cursors -
this feature makes use of "named" cursors in combination with special
result handling methods so that result rows are not fully buffered.
If ``None`` or not set, the ``server_side_cursors`` option of the
:class:`.Engine` is used.
* ``max_row_buffer`` - when using ``stream_results``, an integer value that
specifies the maximum number of rows to buffer at a time. This is
interpreted by the :class:`.BufferedRowResultProxy`, and if omitted the
buffer will grow to ultimately store 1000 rows at a time.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.6
.. _psycopg2_unicode:
Unicode with Psycopg2
----------------------
By default, the psycopg2 driver uses the ``psycopg2.extensions.UNICODE``
extension, such that the DBAPI receives and returns all strings as Python
Unicode objects directly - SQLAlchemy passes these values through without
change. Psycopg2 here will encode/decode string values based on the
current "client encoding" setting; by default this is the value in
the ``postgresql.conf`` file, which often defaults to ``SQL_ASCII``.
Typically, this can be changed to ``utf8``, as a more useful default::
# postgresql.conf file
# client_encoding = sql_ascii # actually, defaults to database
# encoding
client_encoding = utf8
A second way to affect the client encoding is to set it within Psycopg2
locally. SQLAlchemy will call psycopg2's
:meth:`psycopg2:connection.set_client_encoding` method
on all new connections based on the value passed to
:func:`.create_engine` using the ``client_encoding`` parameter::
# set_client_encoding() setting;
# works for *all* PostgreSQL versions
engine = create_engine("postgresql://user:pass@host/dbname",
client_encoding='utf8')
This overrides the encoding specified in the PostgreSQL client configuration.
When using the parameter in this way, the psycopg2 driver emits
``SET client_encoding TO 'utf8'`` on the connection explicitly, and works
in all PostgreSQL versions.
Note that the ``client_encoding`` setting as passed to :func:`.create_engine`
is **not the same** as the more recently added ``client_encoding`` parameter
now supported by libpq directly. This is enabled when ``client_encoding``
is passed directly to ``psycopg2.connect()``, and from SQLAlchemy is passed
using the :paramref:`.create_engine.connect_args` parameter::
# libpq direct parameter setting;
# only works for PostgreSQL **9.1 and above**
engine = create_engine("postgresql://user:pass@host/dbname",
connect_args={'client_encoding': 'utf8'})
# using the query string is equivalent
engine = create_engine("postgresql://user:pass@host/dbname?client_encoding=utf8")
The above parameter was only added to libpq as of version 9.1 of PostgreSQL,
so using the previous method is better for cross-version support.
.. _psycopg2_disable_native_unicode:
Disabling Native Unicode
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
SQLAlchemy can also be instructed to skip the usage of the psycopg2
``UNICODE`` extension and to instead utilize its own unicode encode/decode
services, which are normally reserved only for those DBAPIs that don't
fully support unicode directly. Passing ``use_native_unicode=False`` to
:func:`.create_engine` will disable usage of ``psycopg2.extensions.UNICODE``.
SQLAlchemy will instead encode data itself into Python bytestrings on the way
in and coerce from bytes on the way back,
using the value of the :func:`.create_engine` ``encoding`` parameter, which
defaults to ``utf-8``.
SQLAlchemy's own unicode encode/decode functionality is steadily becoming
obsolete as most DBAPIs now support unicode fully.
Bound Parameter Styles
----------------------
The default parameter style for the psycopg2 dialect is "pyformat", where
SQL is rendered using ``%(paramname)s`` style. This format has the limitation
that it does not accommodate the unusual case of parameter names that
actually contain percent or parenthesis symbols; as SQLAlchemy in many cases
generates bound parameter names based on the name of a column, the presence
of these characters in a column name can lead to problems.
There are two solutions to the issue of a :class:`.schema.Column` that contains
one of these characters in its name. One is to specify the
:paramref:`.schema.Column.key` for columns that have such names::
measurement = Table('measurement', metadata,
Column('Size (meters)', Integer, key='size_meters')
)
Above, an INSERT statement such as ``measurement.insert()`` will use
``size_meters`` as the parameter name, and a SQL expression such as
``measurement.c.size_meters > 10`` will derive the bound parameter name
from the ``size_meters`` key as well.
.. versionchanged:: 1.0.0 - SQL expressions will use :attr:`.Column.key`
as the source of naming when anonymous bound parameters are created
in SQL expressions; previously, this behavior only applied to
:meth:`.Table.insert` and :meth:`.Table.update` parameter names.
The other solution is to use a positional format; psycopg2 allows use of the
"format" paramstyle, which can be passed to
:paramref:`.create_engine.paramstyle`::
engine = create_engine(
'postgresql://scott:tiger@localhost:5432/test', paramstyle='format')
With the above engine, instead of a statement like::
INSERT INTO measurement ("Size (meters)") VALUES (%(Size (meters))s)
{'Size (meters)': 1}
we instead see::
INSERT INTO measurement ("Size (meters)") VALUES (%s)
(1, )
Where above, the dictionary style is converted into a tuple with positional
style.
Transactions
------------
The psycopg2 dialect fully supports SAVEPOINT and two-phase commit operations.
.. _psycopg2_isolation_level:
Psycopg2 Transaction Isolation Level
-------------------------------------
As discussed in :ref:`postgresql_isolation_level`,
all PostgreSQL dialects support setting of transaction isolation level
both via the ``isolation_level`` parameter passed to :func:`.create_engine`,
as well as the ``isolation_level`` argument used by
:meth:`.Connection.execution_options`. When using the psycopg2 dialect, these
options make use of psycopg2's ``set_isolation_level()`` connection method,
rather than emitting a PostgreSQL directive; this is because psycopg2's
API-level setting is always emitted at the start of each transaction in any
case.
The psycopg2 dialect supports these constants for isolation level:
* ``READ COMMITTED``
* ``READ UNCOMMITTED``
* ``REPEATABLE READ``
* ``SERIALIZABLE``
* ``AUTOCOMMIT``
.. versionadded:: 0.8.2 support for AUTOCOMMIT isolation level when using
psycopg2.
.. seealso::
:ref:`postgresql_isolation_level`
:ref:`pg8000_isolation_level`
NOTICE logging
---------------
The psycopg2 dialect will log PostgreSQL NOTICE messages via the
``sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql`` logger::
import logging
logging.getLogger('sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql').setLevel(logging.INFO)
.. _psycopg2_hstore::
HSTORE type
------------
The ``psycopg2`` DBAPI includes an extension to natively handle marshalling of
the HSTORE type. The SQLAlchemy psycopg2 dialect will enable this extension
by default when psycopg2 version 2.4 or greater is used, and
it is detected that the target database has the HSTORE type set up for use.
In other words, when the dialect makes the first
connection, a sequence like the following is performed:
1. Request the available HSTORE oids using
``psycopg2.extras.HstoreAdapter.get_oids()``.
If this function returns a list of HSTORE identifiers, we then determine
that the ``HSTORE`` extension is present.
This function is **skipped** if the version of psycopg2 installed is
less than version 2.4.
2. If the ``use_native_hstore`` flag is at its default of ``True``, and
we've detected that ``HSTORE`` oids are available, the
``psycopg2.extensions.register_hstore()`` extension is invoked for all
connections.
The ``register_hstore()`` extension has the effect of **all Python
dictionaries being accepted as parameters regardless of the type of target
column in SQL**. The dictionaries are converted by this extension into a
textual HSTORE expression. If this behavior is not desired, disable the
use of the hstore extension by setting ``use_native_hstore`` to ``False`` as
follows::
engine = create_engine("postgresql+psycopg2://scott:tiger@localhost/test",
use_native_hstore=False)
The ``HSTORE`` type is **still supported** when the
``psycopg2.extensions.register_hstore()`` extension is not used. It merely
means that the coercion between Python dictionaries and the HSTORE
string format, on both the parameter side and the result side, will take
place within SQLAlchemy's own marshalling logic, and not that of ``psycopg2``
which may be more performant.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
import re
import logging
from ... import util, exc
import decimal
from ... import processors
from ...engine import result as _result
from ...sql import expression
from ... import types as sqltypes
from .base import PGDialect, PGCompiler, \
PGIdentifierPreparer, PGExecutionContext, \
ENUM, _DECIMAL_TYPES, _FLOAT_TYPES,\
_INT_TYPES, UUID
from .hstore import HSTORE
from .json import JSON, JSONB
try:
from uuid import UUID as _python_UUID
except ImportError:
_python_UUID = None
logger = logging.getLogger('sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql')
class _PGNumeric(sqltypes.Numeric):
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
return None
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if self.asdecimal:
if coltype in _FLOAT_TYPES:
return processors.to_decimal_processor_factory(
decimal.Decimal,
self._effective_decimal_return_scale)
elif coltype in _DECIMAL_TYPES or coltype in _INT_TYPES:
# pg8000 returns Decimal natively for 1700
return None
else:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"Unknown PG numeric type: %d" % coltype)
else:
if coltype in _FLOAT_TYPES:
# pg8000 returns float natively for 701
return None
elif coltype in _DECIMAL_TYPES or coltype in _INT_TYPES:
return processors.to_float
else:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"Unknown PG numeric type: %d" % coltype)
class _PGEnum(ENUM):
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if self.native_enum and util.py2k and self.convert_unicode is True:
# we can't easily use PG's extensions here because
# the OID is on the fly, and we need to give it a python
# function anyway - not really worth it.
self.convert_unicode = "force_nocheck"
return super(_PGEnum, self).result_processor(dialect, coltype)
class _PGHStore(HSTORE):
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
if dialect._has_native_hstore:
return None
else:
return super(_PGHStore, self).bind_processor(dialect)
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if dialect._has_native_hstore:
return None
else:
return super(_PGHStore, self).result_processor(dialect, coltype)
class _PGJSON(JSON):
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if dialect._has_native_json:
return None
else:
return super(_PGJSON, self).result_processor(dialect, coltype)
class _PGJSONB(JSONB):
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if dialect._has_native_jsonb:
return None
else:
return super(_PGJSONB, self).result_processor(dialect, coltype)
class _PGUUID(UUID):
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
if not self.as_uuid and dialect.use_native_uuid:
nonetype = type(None)
def process(value):
if value is not None:
value = _python_UUID(value)
return value
return process
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if not self.as_uuid and dialect.use_native_uuid:
def process(value):
if value is not None:
value = str(value)
return value
return process
_server_side_id = util.counter()
class PGExecutionContext_psycopg2(PGExecutionContext):
def create_server_side_cursor(self):
# use server-side cursors:
# http://lists.initd.org/pipermail/psycopg/2007-January/005251.html
ident = "c_%s_%s" % (hex(id(self))[2:],
hex(_server_side_id())[2:])
return self._dbapi_connection.cursor(ident)
def get_result_proxy(self):
# TODO: ouch
if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.INFO):
self._log_notices(self.cursor)
if self._is_server_side:
return _result.BufferedRowResultProxy(self)
else:
return _result.ResultProxy(self)
def _log_notices(self, cursor):
for notice in cursor.connection.notices:
# NOTICE messages have a
# newline character at the end
logger.info(notice.rstrip())
cursor.connection.notices[:] = []
class PGCompiler_psycopg2(PGCompiler):
def visit_mod_binary(self, binary, operator, **kw):
return self.process(binary.left, **kw) + " %% " + \
self.process(binary.right, **kw)
def post_process_text(self, text):
return text.replace('%', '%%')
class PGIdentifierPreparer_psycopg2(PGIdentifierPreparer):
def _escape_identifier(self, value):
value = value.replace(self.escape_quote, self.escape_to_quote)
return value.replace('%', '%%')
class PGDialect_psycopg2(PGDialect):
driver = 'psycopg2'
if util.py2k:
supports_unicode_statements = False
supports_server_side_cursors = True
default_paramstyle = 'pyformat'
# set to true based on psycopg2 version
supports_sane_multi_rowcount = False
execution_ctx_cls = PGExecutionContext_psycopg2
statement_compiler = PGCompiler_psycopg2
preparer = PGIdentifierPreparer_psycopg2
psycopg2_version = (0, 0)
FEATURE_VERSION_MAP = dict(
native_json=(2, 5),
native_jsonb=(2, 5, 4),
sane_multi_rowcount=(2, 0, 9),
array_oid=(2, 4, 3),
hstore_adapter=(2, 4)
)
_has_native_hstore = False
_has_native_json = False
_has_native_jsonb = False
engine_config_types = PGDialect.engine_config_types.union([
('use_native_unicode', util.asbool),
])
colspecs = util.update_copy(
PGDialect.colspecs,
{
sqltypes.Numeric: _PGNumeric,
ENUM: _PGEnum, # needs force_unicode
sqltypes.Enum: _PGEnum, # needs force_unicode
HSTORE: _PGHStore,
JSON: _PGJSON,
sqltypes.JSON: _PGJSON,
JSONB: _PGJSONB,
UUID: _PGUUID
}
)
def __init__(self, server_side_cursors=False, use_native_unicode=True,
client_encoding=None,
use_native_hstore=True, use_native_uuid=True,
**kwargs):
PGDialect.__init__(self, **kwargs)
self.server_side_cursors = server_side_cursors
self.use_native_unicode = use_native_unicode
self.use_native_hstore = use_native_hstore
self.use_native_uuid = use_native_uuid
self.supports_unicode_binds = use_native_unicode
self.client_encoding = client_encoding
if self.dbapi and hasattr(self.dbapi, '__version__'):
m = re.match(r'(\d+)\.(\d+)(?:\.(\d+))?',
self.dbapi.__version__)
if m:
self.psycopg2_version = tuple(
int(x)
for x in m.group(1, 2, 3)
if x is not None)
def initialize(self, connection):
super(PGDialect_psycopg2, self).initialize(connection)
self._has_native_hstore = self.use_native_hstore and \
self._hstore_oids(connection.connection) \
is not None
self._has_native_json = \
self.psycopg2_version >= self.FEATURE_VERSION_MAP['native_json']
self._has_native_jsonb = \
self.psycopg2_version >= self.FEATURE_VERSION_MAP['native_jsonb']
# http://initd.org/psycopg/docs/news.html#what-s-new-in-psycopg-2-0-9
self.supports_sane_multi_rowcount = \
self.psycopg2_version >= \
self.FEATURE_VERSION_MAP['sane_multi_rowcount']
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
import psycopg2
return psycopg2
@classmethod
def _psycopg2_extensions(cls):
from psycopg2 import extensions
return extensions
@classmethod
def _psycopg2_extras(cls):
from psycopg2 import extras
return extras
@util.memoized_property
def _isolation_lookup(self):
extensions = self._psycopg2_extensions()
return {
'AUTOCOMMIT': extensions.ISOLATION_LEVEL_AUTOCOMMIT,
'READ COMMITTED': extensions.ISOLATION_LEVEL_READ_COMMITTED,
'READ UNCOMMITTED': extensions.ISOLATION_LEVEL_READ_UNCOMMITTED,
'REPEATABLE READ': extensions.ISOLATION_LEVEL_REPEATABLE_READ,
'SERIALIZABLE': extensions.ISOLATION_LEVEL_SERIALIZABLE
}
def set_isolation_level(self, connection, level):
try:
level = self._isolation_lookup[level.replace('_', ' ')]
except KeyError:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Invalid value '%s' for isolation_level. "
"Valid isolation levels for %s are %s" %
(level, self.name, ", ".join(self._isolation_lookup))
)
connection.set_isolation_level(level)
def on_connect(self):
extras = self._psycopg2_extras()
extensions = self._psycopg2_extensions()
fns = []
if self.client_encoding is not None:
def on_connect(conn):
conn.set_client_encoding(self.client_encoding)
fns.append(on_connect)
if self.isolation_level is not None:
def on_connect(conn):
self.set_isolation_level(conn, self.isolation_level)
fns.append(on_connect)
if self.dbapi and self.use_native_uuid:
def on_connect(conn):
extras.register_uuid(None, conn)
fns.append(on_connect)
if self.dbapi and self.use_native_unicode:
def on_connect(conn):
extensions.register_type(extensions.UNICODE, conn)
extensions.register_type(extensions.UNICODEARRAY, conn)
fns.append(on_connect)
if self.dbapi and self.use_native_hstore:
def on_connect(conn):
hstore_oids = self._hstore_oids(conn)
if hstore_oids is not None:
oid, array_oid = hstore_oids
kw = {'oid': oid}
if util.py2k:
kw['unicode'] = True
if self.psycopg2_version >= \
self.FEATURE_VERSION_MAP['array_oid']:
kw['array_oid'] = array_oid
extras.register_hstore(conn, **kw)
fns.append(on_connect)
if self.dbapi and self._json_deserializer:
def on_connect(conn):
if self._has_native_json:
extras.register_default_json(
conn, loads=self._json_deserializer)
if self._has_native_jsonb:
extras.register_default_jsonb(
conn, loads=self._json_deserializer)
fns.append(on_connect)
if fns:
def on_connect(conn):
for fn in fns:
fn(conn)
return on_connect
else:
return None
@util.memoized_instancemethod
def _hstore_oids(self, conn):
if self.psycopg2_version >= self.FEATURE_VERSION_MAP['hstore_adapter']:
extras = self._psycopg2_extras()
oids = extras.HstoreAdapter.get_oids(conn)
if oids is not None and oids[0]:
return oids[0:2]
return None
def create_connect_args(self, url):
opts = url.translate_connect_args(username='user')
if 'port' in opts:
opts['port'] = int(opts['port'])
opts.update(url.query)
return ([], opts)
def is_disconnect(self, e, connection, cursor):
if isinstance(e, self.dbapi.Error):
# check the "closed" flag. this might not be
# present on old psycopg2 versions. Also,
# this flag doesn't actually help in a lot of disconnect
# situations, so don't rely on it.
if getattr(connection, 'closed', False):
return True
# checks based on strings. in the case that .closed
# didn't cut it, fall back onto these.
str_e = str(e).partition("\n")[0]
for msg in [
# these error messages from libpq: interfaces/libpq/fe-misc.c
# and interfaces/libpq/fe-secure.c.
'terminating connection',
'closed the connection',
'connection not open',
'could not receive data from server',
'could not send data to server',
# psycopg2 client errors, psycopg2/conenction.h,
# psycopg2/cursor.h
'connection already closed',
'cursor already closed',
# not sure where this path is originally from, it may
# be obsolete. It really says "losed", not "closed".
'losed the connection unexpectedly',
# these can occur in newer SSL
'connection has been closed unexpectedly',
'SSL SYSCALL error: Bad file descriptor',
'SSL SYSCALL error: EOF detected',
'SSL error: decryption failed or bad record mac',
]:
idx = str_e.find(msg)
if idx >= 0 and '"' not in str_e[:idx]:
return True
return False
dialect = PGDialect_psycopg2

61
sqlalchemy/dialects/postgresql/psycopg2cffi.py
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@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
# testing/engines.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: postgresql+psycopg2cffi
:name: psycopg2cffi
:dbapi: psycopg2cffi
:connectstring: \
postgresql+psycopg2cffi://user:password@host:port/dbname\
[?key=value&key=value...]
:url: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/psycopg2cffi/
``psycopg2cffi`` is an adaptation of ``psycopg2``, using CFFI for the C
layer. This makes it suitable for use in e.g. PyPy. Documentation
is as per ``psycopg2``.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.0
.. seealso::
:mod:`sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql.psycopg2`
"""
from .psycopg2 import PGDialect_psycopg2
class PGDialect_psycopg2cffi(PGDialect_psycopg2):
driver = 'psycopg2cffi'
supports_unicode_statements = True
# psycopg2cffi's first release is 2.5.0, but reports
# __version__ as 2.4.4. Subsequent releases seem to have
# fixed this.
FEATURE_VERSION_MAP = dict(
native_json=(2, 4, 4),
native_jsonb=(2, 7, 1),
sane_multi_rowcount=(2, 4, 4),
array_oid=(2, 4, 4),
hstore_adapter=(2, 4, 4)
)
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
return __import__('psycopg2cffi')
@classmethod
def _psycopg2_extensions(cls):
root = __import__('psycopg2cffi', fromlist=['extensions'])
return root.extensions
@classmethod
def _psycopg2_extras(cls):
root = __import__('psycopg2cffi', fromlist=['extras'])
return root.extras
dialect = PGDialect_psycopg2cffi

243
sqlalchemy/dialects/postgresql/pygresql.py
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@ -1,243 +0,0 @@
# postgresql/pygresql.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: postgresql+pygresql
:name: pygresql
:dbapi: pgdb
:connectstring: postgresql+pygresql://user:password@host:port/dbname\
[?key=value&key=value...]
:url: http://www.pygresql.org/
"""
import decimal
import re
from ... import exc, processors, util
from ...types import Numeric, JSON as Json
from ...sql.elements import Null
from .base import PGDialect, PGCompiler, PGIdentifierPreparer, \
_DECIMAL_TYPES, _FLOAT_TYPES, _INT_TYPES, UUID
from .hstore import HSTORE
from .json import JSON, JSONB
class _PGNumeric(Numeric):
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
return None
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if not isinstance(coltype, int):
coltype = coltype.oid
if self.asdecimal:
if coltype in _FLOAT_TYPES:
return processors.to_decimal_processor_factory(
decimal.Decimal,
self._effective_decimal_return_scale)
elif coltype in _DECIMAL_TYPES or coltype in _INT_TYPES:
# PyGreSQL returns Decimal natively for 1700 (numeric)
return None
else:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"Unknown PG numeric type: %d" % coltype)
else:
if coltype in _FLOAT_TYPES:
# PyGreSQL returns float natively for 701 (float8)
return None
elif coltype in _DECIMAL_TYPES or coltype in _INT_TYPES:
return processors.to_float
else:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"Unknown PG numeric type: %d" % coltype)
class _PGHStore(HSTORE):
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
if not dialect.has_native_hstore:
return super(_PGHStore, self).bind_processor(dialect)
hstore = dialect.dbapi.Hstore
def process(value):
if isinstance(value, dict):
return hstore(value)
return value
return process
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if not dialect.has_native_hstore:
return super(_PGHStore, self).result_processor(dialect, coltype)
class _PGJSON(JSON):
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
if not dialect.has_native_json:
return super(_PGJSON, self).bind_processor(dialect)
json = dialect.dbapi.Json
def process(value):
if value is self.NULL:
value = None
elif isinstance(value, Null) or (
value is None and self.none_as_null):
return None
if value is None or isinstance(value, (dict, list)):
return json(value)
return value
return process
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if not dialect.has_native_json:
return super(_PGJSON, self).result_processor(dialect, coltype)
class _PGJSONB(JSONB):
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
if not dialect.has_native_json:
return super(_PGJSONB, self).bind_processor(dialect)
json = dialect.dbapi.Json
def process(value):
if value is self.NULL:
value = None
elif isinstance(value, Null) or (
value is None and self.none_as_null):
return None
if value is None or isinstance(value, (dict, list)):
return json(value)
return value
return process
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if not dialect.has_native_json:
return super(_PGJSONB, self).result_processor(dialect, coltype)
class _PGUUID(UUID):
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
if not dialect.has_native_uuid:
return super(_PGUUID, self).bind_processor(dialect)
uuid = dialect.dbapi.Uuid
def process(value):
if value is None:
return None
if isinstance(value, (str, bytes)):
if len(value) == 16:
return uuid(bytes=value)
return uuid(value)
if isinstance(value, int):
return uuid(int=value)
return value
return process
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if not dialect.has_native_uuid:
return super(_PGUUID, self).result_processor(dialect, coltype)
if not self.as_uuid:
def process(value):
if value is not None:
return str(value)
return process
class _PGCompiler(PGCompiler):
def visit_mod_binary(self, binary, operator, **kw):
return self.process(binary.left, **kw) + " %% " + \
self.process(binary.right, **kw)
def post_process_text(self, text):
return text.replace('%', '%%')
class _PGIdentifierPreparer(PGIdentifierPreparer):
def _escape_identifier(self, value):
value = value.replace(self.escape_quote, self.escape_to_quote)
return value.replace('%', '%%')
class PGDialect_pygresql(PGDialect):
driver = 'pygresql'
statement_compiler = _PGCompiler
preparer = _PGIdentifierPreparer
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
import pgdb
return pgdb
colspecs = util.update_copy(
PGDialect.colspecs,
{
Numeric: _PGNumeric,
HSTORE: _PGHStore,
Json: _PGJSON,
JSON: _PGJSON,
JSONB: _PGJSONB,
UUID: _PGUUID,
}
)
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super(PGDialect_pygresql, self).__init__(**kwargs)
try:
version = self.dbapi.version
m = re.match(r'(\d+)\.(\d+)', version)
version = (int(m.group(1)), int(m.group(2)))
except (AttributeError, ValueError, TypeError):
version = (0, 0)
self.dbapi_version = version
if version < (5, 0):
has_native_hstore = has_native_json = has_native_uuid = False
if version != (0, 0):
util.warn("PyGreSQL is only fully supported by SQLAlchemy"
" since version 5.0.")
else:
self.supports_unicode_statements = True
self.supports_unicode_binds = True
has_native_hstore = has_native_json = has_native_uuid = True
self.has_native_hstore = has_native_hstore
self.has_native_json = has_native_json
self.has_native_uuid = has_native_uuid
def create_connect_args(self, url):
opts = url.translate_connect_args(username='user')
if 'port' in opts:
opts['host'] = '%s:%s' % (
opts.get('host', '').rsplit(':', 1)[0], opts.pop('port'))
opts.update(url.query)
return [], opts
def is_disconnect(self, e, connection, cursor):
if isinstance(e, self.dbapi.Error):
if not connection:
return False
try:
connection = connection.connection
except AttributeError:
pass
else:
if not connection:
return False
try:
return connection.closed
except AttributeError: # PyGreSQL < 5.0
return connection._cnx is None
return False
dialect = PGDialect_pygresql

97
sqlalchemy/dialects/postgresql/pypostgresql.py
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@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
# postgresql/pypostgresql.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: postgresql+pypostgresql
:name: py-postgresql
:dbapi: pypostgresql
:connectstring: postgresql+pypostgresql://user:password@host:port/dbname\
[?key=value&key=value...]
:url: http://python.projects.pgfoundry.org/
"""
from ... import util
from ... import types as sqltypes
from .base import PGDialect, PGExecutionContext
from ... import processors
class PGNumeric(sqltypes.Numeric):
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
return processors.to_str
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if self.asdecimal:
return None
else:
return processors.to_float
class PGExecutionContext_pypostgresql(PGExecutionContext):
pass
class PGDialect_pypostgresql(PGDialect):
driver = 'pypostgresql'
supports_unicode_statements = True
supports_unicode_binds = True
description_encoding = None
default_paramstyle = 'pyformat'
# requires trunk version to support sane rowcounts
# TODO: use dbapi version information to set this flag appropriately
supports_sane_rowcount = True
supports_sane_multi_rowcount = False
execution_ctx_cls = PGExecutionContext_pypostgresql
colspecs = util.update_copy(
PGDialect.colspecs,
{
sqltypes.Numeric: PGNumeric,
# prevents PGNumeric from being used
sqltypes.Float: sqltypes.Float,
}
)
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
from postgresql.driver import dbapi20
return dbapi20
_DBAPI_ERROR_NAMES = [
"Error",
"InterfaceError", "DatabaseError", "DataError",
"OperationalError", "IntegrityError", "InternalError",
"ProgrammingError", "NotSupportedError"
]
@util.memoized_property
def dbapi_exception_translation_map(self):
if self.dbapi is None:
return {}
return dict(
(getattr(self.dbapi, name).__name__, name)
for name in self._DBAPI_ERROR_NAMES
)
def create_connect_args(self, url):
opts = url.translate_connect_args(username='user')
if 'port' in opts:
opts['port'] = int(opts['port'])
else:
opts['port'] = 5432
opts.update(url.query)
return ([], opts)
def is_disconnect(self, e, connection, cursor):
return "connection is closed" in str(e)
dialect = PGDialect_pypostgresql

168
sqlalchemy/dialects/postgresql/ranges.py
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@ -1,168 +0,0 @@
# Copyright (C) 2013-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from .base import ischema_names
from ... import types as sqltypes
__all__ = ('INT4RANGE', 'INT8RANGE', 'NUMRANGE')
class RangeOperators(object):
"""
This mixin provides functionality for the Range Operators
listed in Table 9-44 of the `postgres documentation`__ for Range
Functions and Operators. It is used by all the range types
provided in the ``postgres`` dialect and can likely be used for
any range types you create yourself.
__ http://www.postgresql.org/docs/devel/static/functions-range.html
No extra support is provided for the Range Functions listed in
Table 9-45 of the postgres documentation. For these, the normal
:func:`~sqlalchemy.sql.expression.func` object should be used.
.. versionadded:: 0.8.2 Support for PostgreSQL RANGE operations.
"""
class comparator_factory(sqltypes.Concatenable.Comparator):
"""Define comparison operations for range types."""
def __ne__(self, other):
"Boolean expression. Returns true if two ranges are not equal"
return self.expr.op('<>')(other)
def contains(self, other, **kw):
"""Boolean expression. Returns true if the right hand operand,
which can be an element or a range, is contained within the
column.
"""
return self.expr.op('@>')(other)
def contained_by(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Returns true if the column is contained
within the right hand operand.
"""
return self.expr.op('<@')(other)
def overlaps(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Returns true if the column overlaps
(has points in common with) the right hand operand.
"""
return self.expr.op('&&')(other)
def strictly_left_of(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Returns true if the column is strictly
left of the right hand operand.
"""
return self.expr.op('<<')(other)
__lshift__ = strictly_left_of
def strictly_right_of(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Returns true if the column is strictly
right of the right hand operand.
"""
return self.expr.op('>>')(other)
__rshift__ = strictly_right_of
def not_extend_right_of(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Returns true if the range in the column
does not extend right of the range in the operand.
"""
return self.expr.op('&<')(other)
def not_extend_left_of(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Returns true if the range in the column
does not extend left of the range in the operand.
"""
return self.expr.op('&>')(other)
def adjacent_to(self, other):
"""Boolean expression. Returns true if the range in the column
is adjacent to the range in the operand.
"""
return self.expr.op('-|-')(other)
def __add__(self, other):
"""Range expression. Returns the union of the two ranges.
Will raise an exception if the resulting range is not
contigous.
"""
return self.expr.op('+')(other)
class INT4RANGE(RangeOperators, sqltypes.TypeEngine):
"""Represent the PostgreSQL INT4RANGE type.
.. versionadded:: 0.8.2
"""
__visit_name__ = 'INT4RANGE'
ischema_names['int4range'] = INT4RANGE
class INT8RANGE(RangeOperators, sqltypes.TypeEngine):
"""Represent the PostgreSQL INT8RANGE type.
.. versionadded:: 0.8.2
"""
__visit_name__ = 'INT8RANGE'
ischema_names['int8range'] = INT8RANGE
class NUMRANGE(RangeOperators, sqltypes.TypeEngine):
"""Represent the PostgreSQL NUMRANGE type.
.. versionadded:: 0.8.2
"""
__visit_name__ = 'NUMRANGE'
ischema_names['numrange'] = NUMRANGE
class DATERANGE(RangeOperators, sqltypes.TypeEngine):
"""Represent the PostgreSQL DATERANGE type.
.. versionadded:: 0.8.2
"""
__visit_name__ = 'DATERANGE'
ischema_names['daterange'] = DATERANGE
class TSRANGE(RangeOperators, sqltypes.TypeEngine):
"""Represent the PostgreSQL TSRANGE type.
.. versionadded:: 0.8.2
"""
__visit_name__ = 'TSRANGE'
ischema_names['tsrange'] = TSRANGE
class TSTZRANGE(RangeOperators, sqltypes.TypeEngine):
"""Represent the PostgreSQL TSTZRANGE type.
.. versionadded:: 0.8.2
"""
__visit_name__ = 'TSTZRANGE'
ischema_names['tstzrange'] = TSTZRANGE

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# postgresql/zxjdbc.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: postgresql+zxjdbc
:name: zxJDBC for Jython
:dbapi: zxjdbc
:connectstring: postgresql+zxjdbc://scott:tiger@localhost/db
:driverurl: http://jdbc.postgresql.org/
"""
from ...connectors.zxJDBC import ZxJDBCConnector
from .base import PGDialect, PGExecutionContext
class PGExecutionContext_zxjdbc(PGExecutionContext):
def create_cursor(self):
cursor = self._dbapi_connection.cursor()
cursor.datahandler = self.dialect.DataHandler(cursor.datahandler)
return cursor
class PGDialect_zxjdbc(ZxJDBCConnector, PGDialect):
jdbc_db_name = 'postgresql'
jdbc_driver_name = 'org.postgresql.Driver'
execution_ctx_cls = PGExecutionContext_zxjdbc
supports_native_decimal = True
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(PGDialect_zxjdbc, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
from com.ziclix.python.sql.handler import PostgresqlDataHandler
self.DataHandler = PostgresqlDataHandler
def _get_server_version_info(self, connection):
parts = connection.connection.dbversion.split('.')
return tuple(int(x) for x in parts)
dialect = PGDialect_zxjdbc

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# sqlite/__init__.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from sqlalchemy.dialects.sqlite import base, pysqlite, pysqlcipher
# default dialect
base.dialect = pysqlite.dialect
from sqlalchemy.dialects.sqlite.base import (
BLOB, BOOLEAN, CHAR, DATE, DATETIME, DECIMAL, FLOAT, INTEGER, REAL,
NUMERIC, SMALLINT, TEXT, TIME, TIMESTAMP, VARCHAR, dialect,
)
__all__ = ('BLOB', 'BOOLEAN', 'CHAR', 'DATE', 'DATETIME', 'DECIMAL',
'FLOAT', 'INTEGER', 'NUMERIC', 'SMALLINT', 'TEXT', 'TIME',
'TIMESTAMP', 'VARCHAR', 'REAL', 'dialect')

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sqlalchemy/dialects/sqlite/pysqlcipher.py
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# sqlite/pysqlcipher.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: sqlite+pysqlcipher
:name: pysqlcipher
:dbapi: pysqlcipher
:connectstring: sqlite+pysqlcipher://:passphrase/file_path[?kdf_iter=<iter>]
:url: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pysqlcipher
``pysqlcipher`` is a fork of the standard ``pysqlite`` driver to make
use of the `SQLCipher <https://www.zetetic.net/sqlcipher>`_ backend.
``pysqlcipher3`` is a fork of ``pysqlcipher`` for Python 3. This dialect
will attempt to import it if ``pysqlcipher`` is non-present.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.4 - added fallback import for pysqlcipher3
.. versionadded:: 0.9.9 - added pysqlcipher dialect
Driver
------
The driver here is the `pysqlcipher <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pysqlcipher>`_
driver, which makes use of the SQLCipher engine. This system essentially
introduces new PRAGMA commands to SQLite which allows the setting of a
passphrase and other encryption parameters, allowing the database
file to be encrypted.
`pysqlcipher3` is a fork of `pysqlcipher` with support for Python 3,
the driver is the same.
Connect Strings
---------------
The format of the connect string is in every way the same as that
of the :mod:`~sqlalchemy.dialects.sqlite.pysqlite` driver, except that the
"password" field is now accepted, which should contain a passphrase::
e = create_engine('sqlite+pysqlcipher://:testing@/foo.db')
For an absolute file path, two leading slashes should be used for the
database name::
e = create_engine('sqlite+pysqlcipher://:testing@//path/to/foo.db')
A selection of additional encryption-related pragmas supported by SQLCipher
as documented at https://www.zetetic.net/sqlcipher/sqlcipher-api/ can be passed
in the query string, and will result in that PRAGMA being called for each
new connection. Currently, ``cipher``, ``kdf_iter``
``cipher_page_size`` and ``cipher_use_hmac`` are supported::
e = create_engine('sqlite+pysqlcipher://:testing@/foo.db?cipher=aes-256-cfb&kdf_iter=64000')
Pooling Behavior
----------------
The driver makes a change to the default pool behavior of pysqlite
as described in :ref:`pysqlite_threading_pooling`. The pysqlcipher driver
has been observed to be significantly slower on connection than the
pysqlite driver, most likely due to the encryption overhead, so the
dialect here defaults to using the :class:`.SingletonThreadPool`
implementation,
instead of the :class:`.NullPool` pool used by pysqlite. As always, the pool
implementation is entirely configurable using the
:paramref:`.create_engine.poolclass` parameter; the :class:`.StaticPool` may
be more feasible for single-threaded use, or :class:`.NullPool` may be used
to prevent unencrypted connections from being held open for long periods of
time, at the expense of slower startup time for new connections.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
from .pysqlite import SQLiteDialect_pysqlite
from ...engine import url as _url
from ... import pool
class SQLiteDialect_pysqlcipher(SQLiteDialect_pysqlite):
driver = 'pysqlcipher'
pragmas = ('kdf_iter', 'cipher', 'cipher_page_size', 'cipher_use_hmac')
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
try:
from pysqlcipher import dbapi2 as sqlcipher
except ImportError as e:
try:
from pysqlcipher3 import dbapi2 as sqlcipher
except ImportError:
raise e
return sqlcipher
@classmethod
def get_pool_class(cls, url):
return pool.SingletonThreadPool
def connect(self, *cargs, **cparams):
passphrase = cparams.pop('passphrase', '')
pragmas = dict(
(key, cparams.pop(key, None)) for key in
self.pragmas
)
conn = super(SQLiteDialect_pysqlcipher, self).\
connect(*cargs, **cparams)
conn.execute('pragma key="%s"' % passphrase)
for prag, value in pragmas.items():
if value is not None:
conn.execute('pragma %s="%s"' % (prag, value))
return conn
def create_connect_args(self, url):
super_url = _url.URL(
url.drivername, username=url.username,
host=url.host, database=url.database, query=url.query)
c_args, opts = super(SQLiteDialect_pysqlcipher, self).\
create_connect_args(super_url)
opts['passphrase'] = url.password
return c_args, opts
dialect = SQLiteDialect_pysqlcipher

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# sqlite/pysqlite.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
r"""
.. dialect:: sqlite+pysqlite
:name: pysqlite
:dbapi: sqlite3
:connectstring: sqlite+pysqlite:///file_path
:url: http://docs.python.org/library/sqlite3.html
Note that ``pysqlite`` is the same driver as the ``sqlite3``
module included with the Python distribution.
Driver
------
When using Python 2.5 and above, the built in ``sqlite3`` driver is
already installed and no additional installation is needed. Otherwise,
the ``pysqlite2`` driver needs to be present. This is the same driver as
``sqlite3``, just with a different name.
The ``pysqlite2`` driver will be loaded first, and if not found, ``sqlite3``
is loaded. This allows an explicitly installed pysqlite driver to take
precedence over the built in one. As with all dialects, a specific
DBAPI module may be provided to :func:`~sqlalchemy.create_engine()` to control
this explicitly::
from sqlite3 import dbapi2 as sqlite
e = create_engine('sqlite+pysqlite:///file.db', module=sqlite)
Connect Strings
---------------
The file specification for the SQLite database is taken as the "database"
portion of the URL. Note that the format of a SQLAlchemy url is::
driver://user:pass@host/database
This means that the actual filename to be used starts with the characters to
the **right** of the third slash. So connecting to a relative filepath
looks like::
# relative path
e = create_engine('sqlite:///path/to/database.db')
An absolute path, which is denoted by starting with a slash, means you
need **four** slashes::
# absolute path
e = create_engine('sqlite:////path/to/database.db')
To use a Windows path, regular drive specifications and backslashes can be
used. Double backslashes are probably needed::
# absolute path on Windows
e = create_engine('sqlite:///C:\\path\\to\\database.db')
The sqlite ``:memory:`` identifier is the default if no filepath is
present. Specify ``sqlite://`` and nothing else::
# in-memory database
e = create_engine('sqlite://')
Compatibility with sqlite3 "native" date and datetime types
-----------------------------------------------------------
The pysqlite driver includes the sqlite3.PARSE_DECLTYPES and
sqlite3.PARSE_COLNAMES options, which have the effect of any column
or expression explicitly cast as "date" or "timestamp" will be converted
to a Python date or datetime object. The date and datetime types provided
with the pysqlite dialect are not currently compatible with these options,
since they render the ISO date/datetime including microseconds, which
pysqlite's driver does not. Additionally, SQLAlchemy does not at
this time automatically render the "cast" syntax required for the
freestanding functions "current_timestamp" and "current_date" to return
datetime/date types natively. Unfortunately, pysqlite
does not provide the standard DBAPI types in ``cursor.description``,
leaving SQLAlchemy with no way to detect these types on the fly
without expensive per-row type checks.
Keeping in mind that pysqlite's parsing option is not recommended,
nor should be necessary, for use with SQLAlchemy, usage of PARSE_DECLTYPES
can be forced if one configures "native_datetime=True" on create_engine()::
engine = create_engine('sqlite://',
connect_args={'detect_types':
sqlite3.PARSE_DECLTYPES|sqlite3.PARSE_COLNAMES},
native_datetime=True
)
With this flag enabled, the DATE and TIMESTAMP types (but note - not the
DATETIME or TIME types...confused yet ?) will not perform any bind parameter
or result processing. Execution of "func.current_date()" will return a string.
"func.current_timestamp()" is registered as returning a DATETIME type in
SQLAlchemy, so this function still receives SQLAlchemy-level result
processing.
.. _pysqlite_threading_pooling:
Threading/Pooling Behavior
---------------------------
Pysqlite's default behavior is to prohibit the usage of a single connection
in more than one thread. This is originally intended to work with older
versions of SQLite that did not support multithreaded operation under
various circumstances. In particular, older SQLite versions
did not allow a ``:memory:`` database to be used in multiple threads
under any circumstances.
Pysqlite does include a now-undocumented flag known as
``check_same_thread`` which will disable this check, however note that
pysqlite connections are still not safe to use in concurrently in multiple
threads. In particular, any statement execution calls would need to be
externally mutexed, as Pysqlite does not provide for thread-safe propagation
of error messages among other things. So while even ``:memory:`` databases
can be shared among threads in modern SQLite, Pysqlite doesn't provide enough
thread-safety to make this usage worth it.
SQLAlchemy sets up pooling to work with Pysqlite's default behavior:
* When a ``:memory:`` SQLite database is specified, the dialect by default
will use :class:`.SingletonThreadPool`. This pool maintains a single
connection per thread, so that all access to the engine within the current
thread use the same ``:memory:`` database - other threads would access a
different ``:memory:`` database.
* When a file-based database is specified, the dialect will use
:class:`.NullPool` as the source of connections. This pool closes and
discards connections which are returned to the pool immediately. SQLite
file-based connections have extremely low overhead, so pooling is not
necessary. The scheme also prevents a connection from being used again in
a different thread and works best with SQLite's coarse-grained file locking.
.. versionchanged:: 0.7
Default selection of :class:`.NullPool` for SQLite file-based databases.
Previous versions select :class:`.SingletonThreadPool` by
default for all SQLite databases.
Using a Memory Database in Multiple Threads
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
To use a ``:memory:`` database in a multithreaded scenario, the same
connection object must be shared among threads, since the database exists
only within the scope of that connection. The
:class:`.StaticPool` implementation will maintain a single connection
globally, and the ``check_same_thread`` flag can be passed to Pysqlite
as ``False``::
from sqlalchemy.pool import StaticPool
engine = create_engine('sqlite://',
connect_args={'check_same_thread':False},
poolclass=StaticPool)
Note that using a ``:memory:`` database in multiple threads requires a recent
version of SQLite.
Using Temporary Tables with SQLite
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Due to the way SQLite deals with temporary tables, if you wish to use a
temporary table in a file-based SQLite database across multiple checkouts
from the connection pool, such as when using an ORM :class:`.Session` where
the temporary table should continue to remain after :meth:`.Session.commit` or
:meth:`.Session.rollback` is called, a pool which maintains a single
connection must be used. Use :class:`.SingletonThreadPool` if the scope is
only needed within the current thread, or :class:`.StaticPool` is scope is
needed within multiple threads for this case::
# maintain the same connection per thread
from sqlalchemy.pool import SingletonThreadPool
engine = create_engine('sqlite:///mydb.db',
poolclass=SingletonThreadPool)
# maintain the same connection across all threads
from sqlalchemy.pool import StaticPool
engine = create_engine('sqlite:///mydb.db',
poolclass=StaticPool)
Note that :class:`.SingletonThreadPool` should be configured for the number
of threads that are to be used; beyond that number, connections will be
closed out in a non deterministic way.
Unicode
-------
The pysqlite driver only returns Python ``unicode`` objects in result sets,
never plain strings, and accommodates ``unicode`` objects within bound
parameter values in all cases. Regardless of the SQLAlchemy string type in
use, string-based result values will by Python ``unicode`` in Python 2.
The :class:`.Unicode` type should still be used to indicate those columns that
require unicode, however, so that non-``unicode`` values passed inadvertently
will emit a warning. Pysqlite will emit an error if a non-``unicode`` string
is passed containing non-ASCII characters.
.. _pysqlite_serializable:
Serializable isolation / Savepoints / Transactional DDL
-------------------------------------------------------
In the section :ref:`sqlite_concurrency`, we refer to the pysqlite
driver's assortment of issues that prevent several features of SQLite
from working correctly. The pysqlite DBAPI driver has several
long-standing bugs which impact the correctness of its transactional
behavior. In its default mode of operation, SQLite features such as
SERIALIZABLE isolation, transactional DDL, and SAVEPOINT support are
non-functional, and in order to use these features, workarounds must
be taken.
The issue is essentially that the driver attempts to second-guess the user's
intent, failing to start transactions and sometimes ending them prematurely, in
an effort to minimize the SQLite databases's file locking behavior, even
though SQLite itself uses "shared" locks for read-only activities.
SQLAlchemy chooses to not alter this behavior by default, as it is the
long-expected behavior of the pysqlite driver; if and when the pysqlite
driver attempts to repair these issues, that will be more of a driver towards
defaults for SQLAlchemy.
The good news is that with a few events, we can implement transactional
support fully, by disabling pysqlite's feature entirely and emitting BEGIN
ourselves. This is achieved using two event listeners::
from sqlalchemy import create_engine, event
engine = create_engine("sqlite:///myfile.db")
@event.listens_for(engine, "connect")
def do_connect(dbapi_connection, connection_record):
# disable pysqlite's emitting of the BEGIN statement entirely.
# also stops it from emitting COMMIT before any DDL.
dbapi_connection.isolation_level = None
@event.listens_for(engine, "begin")
def do_begin(conn):
# emit our own BEGIN
conn.execute("BEGIN")
Above, we intercept a new pysqlite connection and disable any transactional
integration. Then, at the point at which SQLAlchemy knows that transaction
scope is to begin, we emit ``"BEGIN"`` ourselves.
When we take control of ``"BEGIN"``, we can also control directly SQLite's
locking modes, introduced at `BEGIN TRANSACTION <http://sqlite.org/lang_transaction.html>`_,
by adding the desired locking mode to our ``"BEGIN"``::
@event.listens_for(engine, "begin")
def do_begin(conn):
conn.execute("BEGIN EXCLUSIVE")
.. seealso::
`BEGIN TRANSACTION <http://sqlite.org/lang_transaction.html>`_ - on the SQLite site
`sqlite3 SELECT does not BEGIN a transaction <http://bugs.python.org/issue9924>`_ - on the Python bug tracker
`sqlite3 module breaks transactions and potentially corrupts data <http://bugs.python.org/issue10740>`_ - on the Python bug tracker
"""
from sqlalchemy.dialects.sqlite.base import SQLiteDialect, DATETIME, DATE
from sqlalchemy import exc, pool
from sqlalchemy import types as sqltypes
from sqlalchemy import util
import os
class _SQLite_pysqliteTimeStamp(DATETIME):
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
if dialect.native_datetime:
return None
else:
return DATETIME.bind_processor(self, dialect)
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if dialect.native_datetime:
return None
else:
return DATETIME.result_processor(self, dialect, coltype)
class _SQLite_pysqliteDate(DATE):
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
if dialect.native_datetime:
return None
else:
return DATE.bind_processor(self, dialect)
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
if dialect.native_datetime:
return None
else:
return DATE.result_processor(self, dialect, coltype)
class SQLiteDialect_pysqlite(SQLiteDialect):
default_paramstyle = 'qmark'
colspecs = util.update_copy(
SQLiteDialect.colspecs,
{
sqltypes.Date: _SQLite_pysqliteDate,
sqltypes.TIMESTAMP: _SQLite_pysqliteTimeStamp,
}
)
if not util.py2k:
description_encoding = None
driver = 'pysqlite'
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
SQLiteDialect.__init__(self, **kwargs)
if self.dbapi is not None:
sqlite_ver = self.dbapi.version_info
if sqlite_ver < (2, 1, 3):
util.warn(
("The installed version of pysqlite2 (%s) is out-dated "
"and will cause errors in some cases. Version 2.1.3 "
"or greater is recommended.") %
'.'.join([str(subver) for subver in sqlite_ver]))
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
try:
from pysqlite2 import dbapi2 as sqlite
except ImportError as e:
try:
from sqlite3 import dbapi2 as sqlite # try 2.5+ stdlib name.
except ImportError:
raise e
return sqlite
@classmethod
def get_pool_class(cls, url):
if url.database and url.database != ':memory:':
return pool.NullPool
else:
return pool.SingletonThreadPool
def _get_server_version_info(self, connection):
return self.dbapi.sqlite_version_info
def create_connect_args(self, url):
if url.username or url.password or url.host or url.port:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Invalid SQLite URL: %s\n"
"Valid SQLite URL forms are:\n"
" sqlite:///:memory: (or, sqlite://)\n"
" sqlite:///relative/path/to/file.db\n"
" sqlite:////absolute/path/to/file.db" % (url,))
filename = url.database or ':memory:'
if filename != ':memory:':
filename = os.path.abspath(filename)
opts = url.query.copy()
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'timeout', float)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'isolation_level', str)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'detect_types', int)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'check_same_thread', bool)
util.coerce_kw_type(opts, 'cached_statements', int)
return ([filename], opts)
def is_disconnect(self, e, connection, cursor):
return isinstance(e, self.dbapi.ProgrammingError) and \
"Cannot operate on a closed database." in str(e)
dialect = SQLiteDialect_pysqlite

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sqlalchemy/dialects/sybase/__init__.py
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# sybase/__init__.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from sqlalchemy.dialects.sybase import base, pysybase, pyodbc
# default dialect
base.dialect = pyodbc.dialect
from .base import CHAR, VARCHAR, TIME, NCHAR, NVARCHAR,\
TEXT, DATE, DATETIME, FLOAT, NUMERIC,\
BIGINT, INT, INTEGER, SMALLINT, BINARY,\
VARBINARY, UNITEXT, UNICHAR, UNIVARCHAR,\
IMAGE, BIT, MONEY, SMALLMONEY, TINYINT,\
dialect
__all__ = (
'CHAR', 'VARCHAR', 'TIME', 'NCHAR', 'NVARCHAR',
'TEXT', 'DATE', 'DATETIME', 'FLOAT', 'NUMERIC',
'BIGINT', 'INT', 'INTEGER', 'SMALLINT', 'BINARY',
'VARBINARY', 'UNITEXT', 'UNICHAR', 'UNIVARCHAR',
'IMAGE', 'BIT', 'MONEY', 'SMALLMONEY', 'TINYINT',
'dialect'
)

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sqlalchemy/dialects/sybase/base.py
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@ -1,821 +0,0 @@
# sybase/base.py
# Copyright (C) 2010-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
# get_select_precolumns(), limit_clause() implementation
# copyright (C) 2007 Fisch Asset Management
# AG http://www.fam.ch, with coding by Alexander Houben
# alexander.houben@thor-solutions.ch
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: sybase
:name: Sybase
.. note::
The Sybase dialect functions on current SQLAlchemy versions
but is not regularly tested, and may have many issues and
caveats not currently handled.
"""
import operator
import re
from sqlalchemy.sql import compiler, expression, text, bindparam
from sqlalchemy.engine import default, base, reflection
from sqlalchemy import types as sqltypes
from sqlalchemy.sql import operators as sql_operators
from sqlalchemy import schema as sa_schema
from sqlalchemy import util, sql, exc
from sqlalchemy.types import CHAR, VARCHAR, TIME, NCHAR, NVARCHAR,\
TEXT, DATE, DATETIME, FLOAT, NUMERIC,\
BIGINT, INT, INTEGER, SMALLINT, BINARY,\
VARBINARY, DECIMAL, TIMESTAMP, Unicode,\
UnicodeText, REAL
RESERVED_WORDS = set([
"add", "all", "alter", "and",
"any", "as", "asc", "backup",
"begin", "between", "bigint", "binary",
"bit", "bottom", "break", "by",
"call", "capability", "cascade", "case",
"cast", "char", "char_convert", "character",
"check", "checkpoint", "close", "comment",
"commit", "connect", "constraint", "contains",
"continue", "convert", "create", "cross",
"cube", "current", "current_timestamp", "current_user",
"cursor", "date", "dbspace", "deallocate",
"dec", "decimal", "declare", "default",
"delete", "deleting", "desc", "distinct",
"do", "double", "drop", "dynamic",
"else", "elseif", "encrypted", "end",
"endif", "escape", "except", "exception",
"exec", "execute", "existing", "exists",
"externlogin", "fetch", "first", "float",
"for", "force", "foreign", "forward",
"from", "full", "goto", "grant",
"group", "having", "holdlock", "identified",
"if", "in", "index", "index_lparen",
"inner", "inout", "insensitive", "insert",
"inserting", "install", "instead", "int",
"integer", "integrated", "intersect", "into",
"iq", "is", "isolation", "join",
"key", "lateral", "left", "like",
"lock", "login", "long", "match",
"membership", "message", "mode", "modify",
"natural", "new", "no", "noholdlock",
"not", "notify", "null", "numeric",
"of", "off", "on", "open",
"option", "options", "or", "order",
"others", "out", "outer", "over",
"passthrough", "precision", "prepare", "primary",
"print", "privileges", "proc", "procedure",
"publication", "raiserror", "readtext", "real",
"reference", "references", "release", "remote",
"remove", "rename", "reorganize", "resource",
"restore", "restrict", "return", "revoke",
"right", "rollback", "rollup", "save",
"savepoint", "scroll", "select", "sensitive",
"session", "set", "setuser", "share",
"smallint", "some", "sqlcode", "sqlstate",
"start", "stop", "subtrans", "subtransaction",
"synchronize", "syntax_error", "table", "temporary",
"then", "time", "timestamp", "tinyint",
"to", "top", "tran", "trigger",
"truncate", "tsequal", "unbounded", "union",
"unique", "unknown", "unsigned", "update",
"updating", "user", "using", "validate",
"values", "varbinary", "varchar", "variable",
"varying", "view", "wait", "waitfor",
"when", "where", "while", "window",
"with", "with_cube", "with_lparen", "with_rollup",
"within", "work", "writetext",
])
class _SybaseUnitypeMixin(object):
"""these types appear to return a buffer object."""
def result_processor(self, dialect, coltype):
def process(value):
if value is not None:
return str(value) # decode("ucs-2")
else:
return None
return process
class UNICHAR(_SybaseUnitypeMixin, sqltypes.Unicode):
__visit_name__ = 'UNICHAR'
class UNIVARCHAR(_SybaseUnitypeMixin, sqltypes.Unicode):
__visit_name__ = 'UNIVARCHAR'
class UNITEXT(_SybaseUnitypeMixin, sqltypes.UnicodeText):
__visit_name__ = 'UNITEXT'
class TINYINT(sqltypes.Integer):
__visit_name__ = 'TINYINT'
class BIT(sqltypes.TypeEngine):
__visit_name__ = 'BIT'
class MONEY(sqltypes.TypeEngine):
__visit_name__ = "MONEY"
class SMALLMONEY(sqltypes.TypeEngine):
__visit_name__ = "SMALLMONEY"
class UNIQUEIDENTIFIER(sqltypes.TypeEngine):
__visit_name__ = "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER"
class IMAGE(sqltypes.LargeBinary):
__visit_name__ = 'IMAGE'
class SybaseTypeCompiler(compiler.GenericTypeCompiler):
def visit_large_binary(self, type_, **kw):
return self.visit_IMAGE(type_)
def visit_boolean(self, type_, **kw):
return self.visit_BIT(type_)
def visit_unicode(self, type_, **kw):
return self.visit_NVARCHAR(type_)
def visit_UNICHAR(self, type_, **kw):
return "UNICHAR(%d)" % type_.length
def visit_UNIVARCHAR(self, type_, **kw):
return "UNIVARCHAR(%d)" % type_.length
def visit_UNITEXT(self, type_, **kw):
return "UNITEXT"
def visit_TINYINT(self, type_, **kw):
return "TINYINT"
def visit_IMAGE(self, type_, **kw):
return "IMAGE"
def visit_BIT(self, type_, **kw):
return "BIT"
def visit_MONEY(self, type_, **kw):
return "MONEY"
def visit_SMALLMONEY(self, type_, **kw):
return "SMALLMONEY"
def visit_UNIQUEIDENTIFIER(self, type_, **kw):
return "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER"
ischema_names = {
'bigint': BIGINT,
'int': INTEGER,
'integer': INTEGER,
'smallint': SMALLINT,
'tinyint': TINYINT,
'unsigned bigint': BIGINT, # TODO: unsigned flags
'unsigned int': INTEGER, # TODO: unsigned flags
'unsigned smallint': SMALLINT, # TODO: unsigned flags
'numeric': NUMERIC,
'decimal': DECIMAL,
'dec': DECIMAL,
'float': FLOAT,
'double': NUMERIC, # TODO
'double precision': NUMERIC, # TODO
'real': REAL,
'smallmoney': SMALLMONEY,
'money': MONEY,
'smalldatetime': DATETIME,
'datetime': DATETIME,
'date': DATE,
'time': TIME,
'char': CHAR,
'character': CHAR,
'varchar': VARCHAR,
'character varying': VARCHAR,
'char varying': VARCHAR,
'unichar': UNICHAR,
'unicode character': UNIVARCHAR,
'nchar': NCHAR,
'national char': NCHAR,
'national character': NCHAR,
'nvarchar': NVARCHAR,
'nchar varying': NVARCHAR,
'national char varying': NVARCHAR,
'national character varying': NVARCHAR,
'text': TEXT,
'unitext': UNITEXT,
'binary': BINARY,
'varbinary': VARBINARY,
'image': IMAGE,
'bit': BIT,
# not in documentation for ASE 15.7
'long varchar': TEXT, # TODO
'timestamp': TIMESTAMP,
'uniqueidentifier': UNIQUEIDENTIFIER,
}
class SybaseInspector(reflection.Inspector):
def __init__(self, conn):
reflection.Inspector.__init__(self, conn)
def get_table_id(self, table_name, schema=None):
"""Return the table id from `table_name` and `schema`."""
return self.dialect.get_table_id(self.bind, table_name, schema,
info_cache=self.info_cache)
class SybaseExecutionContext(default.DefaultExecutionContext):
_enable_identity_insert = False
def set_ddl_autocommit(self, connection, value):
"""Must be implemented by subclasses to accommodate DDL executions.
"connection" is the raw unwrapped DBAPI connection. "value"
is True or False. when True, the connection should be configured
such that a DDL can take place subsequently. when False,
a DDL has taken place and the connection should be resumed
into non-autocommit mode.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def pre_exec(self):
if self.isinsert:
tbl = self.compiled.statement.table
seq_column = tbl._autoincrement_column
insert_has_sequence = seq_column is not None
if insert_has_sequence:
self._enable_identity_insert = \
seq_column.key in self.compiled_parameters[0]
else:
self._enable_identity_insert = False
if self._enable_identity_insert:
self.cursor.execute(
"SET IDENTITY_INSERT %s ON" %
self.dialect.identifier_preparer.format_table(tbl))
if self.isddl:
# TODO: to enhance this, we can detect "ddl in tran" on the
# database settings. this error message should be improved to
# include a note about that.
if not self.should_autocommit:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"The Sybase dialect only supports "
"DDL in 'autocommit' mode at this time.")
self.root_connection.engine.logger.info(
"AUTOCOMMIT (Assuming no Sybase 'ddl in tran')")
self.set_ddl_autocommit(
self.root_connection.connection.connection,
True)
def post_exec(self):
if self.isddl:
self.set_ddl_autocommit(self.root_connection, False)
if self._enable_identity_insert:
self.cursor.execute(
"SET IDENTITY_INSERT %s OFF" %
self.dialect.identifier_preparer.
format_table(self.compiled.statement.table)
)
def get_lastrowid(self):
cursor = self.create_cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT @@identity AS lastrowid")
lastrowid = cursor.fetchone()[0]
cursor.close()
return lastrowid
class SybaseSQLCompiler(compiler.SQLCompiler):
ansi_bind_rules = True
extract_map = util.update_copy(
compiler.SQLCompiler.extract_map,
{
'doy': 'dayofyear',
'dow': 'weekday',
'milliseconds': 'millisecond'
})
def get_select_precolumns(self, select, **kw):
s = select._distinct and "DISTINCT " or ""
# TODO: don't think Sybase supports
# bind params for FIRST / TOP
limit = select._limit
if limit:
# if select._limit == 1:
# s += "FIRST "
# else:
# s += "TOP %s " % (select._limit,)
s += "TOP %s " % (limit,)
offset = select._offset
if offset:
raise NotImplementedError("Sybase ASE does not support OFFSET")
return s
def get_from_hint_text(self, table, text):
return text
def limit_clause(self, select, **kw):
# Limit in sybase is after the select keyword
return ""
def visit_extract(self, extract, **kw):
field = self.extract_map.get(extract.field, extract.field)
return 'DATEPART("%s", %s)' % (
field, self.process(extract.expr, **kw))
def visit_now_func(self, fn, **kw):
return "GETDATE()"
def for_update_clause(self, select):
# "FOR UPDATE" is only allowed on "DECLARE CURSOR"
# which SQLAlchemy doesn't use
return ''
def order_by_clause(self, select, **kw):
kw['literal_binds'] = True
order_by = self.process(select._order_by_clause, **kw)
# SybaseSQL only allows ORDER BY in subqueries if there is a LIMIT
if order_by and (not self.is_subquery() or select._limit):
return " ORDER BY " + order_by
else:
return ""
class SybaseDDLCompiler(compiler.DDLCompiler):
def get_column_specification(self, column, **kwargs):
colspec = self.preparer.format_column(column) + " " + \
self.dialect.type_compiler.process(
column.type, type_expression=column)
if column.table is None:
raise exc.CompileError(
"The Sybase dialect requires Table-bound "
"columns in order to generate DDL")
seq_col = column.table._autoincrement_column
# install a IDENTITY Sequence if we have an implicit IDENTITY column
if seq_col is column:
sequence = isinstance(column.default, sa_schema.Sequence) \
and column.default
if sequence:
start, increment = sequence.start or 1, \
sequence.increment or 1
else:
start, increment = 1, 1
if (start, increment) == (1, 1):
colspec += " IDENTITY"
else:
# TODO: need correct syntax for this
colspec += " IDENTITY(%s,%s)" % (start, increment)
else:
default = self.get_column_default_string(column)
if default is not None:
colspec += " DEFAULT " + default
if column.nullable is not None:
if not column.nullable or column.primary_key:
colspec += " NOT NULL"
else:
colspec += " NULL"
return colspec
def visit_drop_index(self, drop):
index = drop.element
return "\nDROP INDEX %s.%s" % (
self.preparer.quote_identifier(index.table.name),
self._prepared_index_name(drop.element,
include_schema=False)
)
class SybaseIdentifierPreparer(compiler.IdentifierPreparer):
reserved_words = RESERVED_WORDS
class SybaseDialect(default.DefaultDialect):
name = 'sybase'
supports_unicode_statements = False
supports_sane_rowcount = False
supports_sane_multi_rowcount = False
supports_native_boolean = False
supports_unicode_binds = False
postfetch_lastrowid = True
colspecs = {}
ischema_names = ischema_names
type_compiler = SybaseTypeCompiler
statement_compiler = SybaseSQLCompiler
ddl_compiler = SybaseDDLCompiler
preparer = SybaseIdentifierPreparer
inspector = SybaseInspector
construct_arguments = []
def _get_default_schema_name(self, connection):
return connection.scalar(
text("SELECT user_name() as user_name",
typemap={'user_name': Unicode})
)
def initialize(self, connection):
super(SybaseDialect, self).initialize(connection)
if self.server_version_info is not None and\
self.server_version_info < (15, ):
self.max_identifier_length = 30
else:
self.max_identifier_length = 255
def get_table_id(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
"""Fetch the id for schema.table_name.
Several reflection methods require the table id. The idea for using
this method is that it can be fetched one time and cached for
subsequent calls.
"""
table_id = None
if schema is None:
schema = self.default_schema_name
TABLEID_SQL = text("""
SELECT o.id AS id
FROM sysobjects o JOIN sysusers u ON o.uid=u.uid
WHERE u.name = :schema_name
AND o.name = :table_name
AND o.type in ('U', 'V')
""")
if util.py2k:
if isinstance(schema, unicode):
schema = schema.encode("ascii")
if isinstance(table_name, unicode):
table_name = table_name.encode("ascii")
result = connection.execute(TABLEID_SQL,
schema_name=schema,
table_name=table_name)
table_id = result.scalar()
if table_id is None:
raise exc.NoSuchTableError(table_name)
return table_id
@reflection.cache
def get_columns(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
table_id = self.get_table_id(connection, table_name, schema,
info_cache=kw.get("info_cache"))
COLUMN_SQL = text("""
SELECT col.name AS name,
t.name AS type,
(col.status & 8) AS nullable,
(col.status & 128) AS autoincrement,
com.text AS 'default',
col.prec AS precision,
col.scale AS scale,
col.length AS length
FROM systypes t, syscolumns col LEFT OUTER JOIN syscomments com ON
col.cdefault = com.id
WHERE col.usertype = t.usertype
AND col.id = :table_id
ORDER BY col.colid
""")
results = connection.execute(COLUMN_SQL, table_id=table_id)
columns = []
for (name, type_, nullable, autoincrement, default, precision, scale,
length) in results:
col_info = self._get_column_info(name, type_, bool(nullable),
bool(autoincrement),
default, precision, scale,
length)
columns.append(col_info)
return columns
def _get_column_info(self, name, type_, nullable, autoincrement, default,
precision, scale, length):
coltype = self.ischema_names.get(type_, None)
kwargs = {}
if coltype in (NUMERIC, DECIMAL):
args = (precision, scale)
elif coltype == FLOAT:
args = (precision,)
elif coltype in (CHAR, VARCHAR, UNICHAR, UNIVARCHAR, NCHAR, NVARCHAR):
args = (length,)
else:
args = ()
if coltype:
coltype = coltype(*args, **kwargs)
# is this necessary
# if is_array:
# coltype = ARRAY(coltype)
else:
util.warn("Did not recognize type '%s' of column '%s'" %
(type_, name))
coltype = sqltypes.NULLTYPE
if default:
default = default.replace("DEFAULT", "").strip()
default = re.sub("^'(.*)'$", lambda m: m.group(1), default)
else:
default = None
column_info = dict(name=name, type=coltype, nullable=nullable,
default=default, autoincrement=autoincrement)
return column_info
@reflection.cache
def get_foreign_keys(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
table_id = self.get_table_id(connection, table_name, schema,
info_cache=kw.get("info_cache"))
table_cache = {}
column_cache = {}
foreign_keys = []
table_cache[table_id] = {"name": table_name, "schema": schema}
COLUMN_SQL = text("""
SELECT c.colid AS id, c.name AS name
FROM syscolumns c
WHERE c.id = :table_id
""")
results = connection.execute(COLUMN_SQL, table_id=table_id)
columns = {}
for col in results:
columns[col["id"]] = col["name"]
column_cache[table_id] = columns
REFCONSTRAINT_SQL = text("""
SELECT o.name AS name, r.reftabid AS reftable_id,
r.keycnt AS 'count',
r.fokey1 AS fokey1, r.fokey2 AS fokey2, r.fokey3 AS fokey3,
r.fokey4 AS fokey4, r.fokey5 AS fokey5, r.fokey6 AS fokey6,
r.fokey7 AS fokey7, r.fokey1 AS fokey8, r.fokey9 AS fokey9,
r.fokey10 AS fokey10, r.fokey11 AS fokey11, r.fokey12 AS fokey12,
r.fokey13 AS fokey13, r.fokey14 AS fokey14, r.fokey15 AS fokey15,
r.fokey16 AS fokey16,
r.refkey1 AS refkey1, r.refkey2 AS refkey2, r.refkey3 AS refkey3,
r.refkey4 AS refkey4, r.refkey5 AS refkey5, r.refkey6 AS refkey6,
r.refkey7 AS refkey7, r.refkey1 AS refkey8, r.refkey9 AS refkey9,
r.refkey10 AS refkey10, r.refkey11 AS refkey11,
r.refkey12 AS refkey12, r.refkey13 AS refkey13,
r.refkey14 AS refkey14, r.refkey15 AS refkey15,
r.refkey16 AS refkey16
FROM sysreferences r JOIN sysobjects o on r.tableid = o.id
WHERE r.tableid = :table_id
""")
referential_constraints = connection.execute(
REFCONSTRAINT_SQL, table_id=table_id).fetchall()
REFTABLE_SQL = text("""
SELECT o.name AS name, u.name AS 'schema'
FROM sysobjects o JOIN sysusers u ON o.uid = u.uid
WHERE o.id = :table_id
""")
for r in referential_constraints:
reftable_id = r["reftable_id"]
if reftable_id not in table_cache:
c = connection.execute(REFTABLE_SQL, table_id=reftable_id)
reftable = c.fetchone()
c.close()
table_info = {"name": reftable["name"], "schema": None}
if (schema is not None or
reftable["schema"] != self.default_schema_name):
table_info["schema"] = reftable["schema"]
table_cache[reftable_id] = table_info
results = connection.execute(COLUMN_SQL, table_id=reftable_id)
reftable_columns = {}
for col in results:
reftable_columns[col["id"]] = col["name"]
column_cache[reftable_id] = reftable_columns
reftable = table_cache[reftable_id]
reftable_columns = column_cache[reftable_id]
constrained_columns = []
referred_columns = []
for i in range(1, r["count"] + 1):
constrained_columns.append(columns[r["fokey%i" % i]])
referred_columns.append(reftable_columns[r["refkey%i" % i]])
fk_info = {
"constrained_columns": constrained_columns,
"referred_schema": reftable["schema"],
"referred_table": reftable["name"],
"referred_columns": referred_columns,
"name": r["name"]
}
foreign_keys.append(fk_info)
return foreign_keys
@reflection.cache
def get_indexes(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
table_id = self.get_table_id(connection, table_name, schema,
info_cache=kw.get("info_cache"))
INDEX_SQL = text("""
SELECT object_name(i.id) AS table_name,
i.keycnt AS 'count',
i.name AS name,
(i.status & 0x2) AS 'unique',
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 1) AS col_1,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 2) AS col_2,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 3) AS col_3,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 4) AS col_4,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 5) AS col_5,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 6) AS col_6,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 7) AS col_7,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 8) AS col_8,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 9) AS col_9,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 10) AS col_10,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 11) AS col_11,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 12) AS col_12,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 13) AS col_13,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 14) AS col_14,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 15) AS col_15,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 16) AS col_16
FROM sysindexes i, sysobjects o
WHERE o.id = i.id
AND o.id = :table_id
AND (i.status & 2048) = 0
AND i.indid BETWEEN 1 AND 254
""")
results = connection.execute(INDEX_SQL, table_id=table_id)
indexes = []
for r in results:
column_names = []
for i in range(1, r["count"]):
column_names.append(r["col_%i" % (i,)])
index_info = {"name": r["name"],
"unique": bool(r["unique"]),
"column_names": column_names}
indexes.append(index_info)
return indexes
@reflection.cache
def get_pk_constraint(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
table_id = self.get_table_id(connection, table_name, schema,
info_cache=kw.get("info_cache"))
PK_SQL = text("""
SELECT object_name(i.id) AS table_name,
i.keycnt AS 'count',
i.name AS name,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 1) AS pk_1,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 2) AS pk_2,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 3) AS pk_3,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 4) AS pk_4,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 5) AS pk_5,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 6) AS pk_6,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 7) AS pk_7,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 8) AS pk_8,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 9) AS pk_9,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 10) AS pk_10,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 11) AS pk_11,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 12) AS pk_12,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 13) AS pk_13,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 14) AS pk_14,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 15) AS pk_15,
index_col(object_name(i.id), i.indid, 16) AS pk_16
FROM sysindexes i, sysobjects o
WHERE o.id = i.id
AND o.id = :table_id
AND (i.status & 2048) = 2048
AND i.indid BETWEEN 1 AND 254
""")
results = connection.execute(PK_SQL, table_id=table_id)
pks = results.fetchone()
results.close()
constrained_columns = []
if pks:
for i in range(1, pks["count"] + 1):
constrained_columns.append(pks["pk_%i" % (i,)])
return {"constrained_columns": constrained_columns,
"name": pks["name"]}
else:
return {"constrained_columns": [], "name": None}
@reflection.cache
def get_schema_names(self, connection, **kw):
SCHEMA_SQL = text("SELECT u.name AS name FROM sysusers u")
schemas = connection.execute(SCHEMA_SQL)
return [s["name"] for s in schemas]
@reflection.cache
def get_table_names(self, connection, schema=None, **kw):
if schema is None:
schema = self.default_schema_name
TABLE_SQL = text("""
SELECT o.name AS name
FROM sysobjects o JOIN sysusers u ON o.uid = u.uid
WHERE u.name = :schema_name
AND o.type = 'U'
""")
if util.py2k:
if isinstance(schema, unicode):
schema = schema.encode("ascii")
tables = connection.execute(TABLE_SQL, schema_name=schema)
return [t["name"] for t in tables]
@reflection.cache
def get_view_definition(self, connection, view_name, schema=None, **kw):
if schema is None:
schema = self.default_schema_name
VIEW_DEF_SQL = text("""
SELECT c.text
FROM syscomments c JOIN sysobjects o ON c.id = o.id
WHERE o.name = :view_name
AND o.type = 'V'
""")
if util.py2k:
if isinstance(view_name, unicode):
view_name = view_name.encode("ascii")
view = connection.execute(VIEW_DEF_SQL, view_name=view_name)
return view.scalar()
@reflection.cache
def get_view_names(self, connection, schema=None, **kw):
if schema is None:
schema = self.default_schema_name
VIEW_SQL = text("""
SELECT o.name AS name
FROM sysobjects o JOIN sysusers u ON o.uid = u.uid
WHERE u.name = :schema_name
AND o.type = 'V'
""")
if util.py2k:
if isinstance(schema, unicode):
schema = schema.encode("ascii")
views = connection.execute(VIEW_SQL, schema_name=schema)
return [v["name"] for v in views]
def has_table(self, connection, table_name, schema=None):
try:
self.get_table_id(connection, table_name, schema)
except exc.NoSuchTableError:
return False
else:
return True

33
sqlalchemy/dialects/sybase/mxodbc.py
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@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
# sybase/mxodbc.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: sybase+mxodbc
:name: mxODBC
:dbapi: mxodbc
:connectstring: sybase+mxodbc://<username>:<password>@<dsnname>
:url: http://www.egenix.com/
.. note::
This dialect is a stub only and is likely non functional at this time.
"""
from sqlalchemy.dialects.sybase.base import SybaseDialect
from sqlalchemy.dialects.sybase.base import SybaseExecutionContext
from sqlalchemy.connectors.mxodbc import MxODBCConnector
class SybaseExecutionContext_mxodbc(SybaseExecutionContext):
pass
class SybaseDialect_mxodbc(MxODBCConnector, SybaseDialect):
execution_ctx_cls = SybaseExecutionContext_mxodbc
dialect = SybaseDialect_mxodbc

86
sqlalchemy/dialects/sybase/pyodbc.py
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@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
# sybase/pyodbc.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: sybase+pyodbc
:name: PyODBC
:dbapi: pyodbc
:connectstring: sybase+pyodbc://<username>:<password>@<dsnname>\
[/<database>]
:url: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyodbc/
Unicode Support
---------------
The pyodbc driver currently supports usage of these Sybase types with
Unicode or multibyte strings::
CHAR
NCHAR
NVARCHAR
TEXT
VARCHAR
Currently *not* supported are::
UNICHAR
UNITEXT
UNIVARCHAR
"""
from sqlalchemy.dialects.sybase.base import SybaseDialect,\
SybaseExecutionContext
from sqlalchemy.connectors.pyodbc import PyODBCConnector
from sqlalchemy import types as sqltypes, processors
import decimal
class _SybNumeric_pyodbc(sqltypes.Numeric):
"""Turns Decimals with adjusted() < -6 into floats.
It's not yet known how to get decimals with many
significant digits or very large adjusted() into Sybase
via pyodbc.
"""
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
super_process = super(_SybNumeric_pyodbc, self).\
bind_processor(dialect)
def process(value):
if self.asdecimal and \
isinstance(value, decimal.Decimal):
if value.adjusted() < -6:
return processors.to_float(value)
if super_process:
return super_process(value)
else:
return value
return process
class SybaseExecutionContext_pyodbc(SybaseExecutionContext):
def set_ddl_autocommit(self, connection, value):
if value:
connection.autocommit = True
else:
connection.autocommit = False
class SybaseDialect_pyodbc(PyODBCConnector, SybaseDialect):
execution_ctx_cls = SybaseExecutionContext_pyodbc
colspecs = {
sqltypes.Numeric: _SybNumeric_pyodbc,
}
dialect = SybaseDialect_pyodbc

102
sqlalchemy/dialects/sybase/pysybase.py
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# sybase/pysybase.py
# Copyright (C) 2010-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
.. dialect:: sybase+pysybase
:name: Python-Sybase
:dbapi: Sybase
:connectstring: sybase+pysybase://<username>:<password>@<dsn>/\
[database name]
:url: http://python-sybase.sourceforge.net/
Unicode Support
---------------
The python-sybase driver does not appear to support non-ASCII strings of any
kind at this time.
"""
from sqlalchemy import types as sqltypes, processors
from sqlalchemy.dialects.sybase.base import SybaseDialect, \
SybaseExecutionContext, SybaseSQLCompiler
class _SybNumeric(sqltypes.Numeric):
def result_processor(self, dialect, type_):
if not self.asdecimal:
return processors.to_float
else:
return sqltypes.Numeric.result_processor(self, dialect, type_)
class SybaseExecutionContext_pysybase(SybaseExecutionContext):
def set_ddl_autocommit(self, dbapi_connection, value):
if value:
# call commit() on the Sybase connection directly,
# to avoid any side effects of calling a Connection
# transactional method inside of pre_exec()
dbapi_connection.commit()
def pre_exec(self):
SybaseExecutionContext.pre_exec(self)
for param in self.parameters:
for key in list(param):
param["@" + key] = param[key]
del param[key]
class SybaseSQLCompiler_pysybase(SybaseSQLCompiler):
def bindparam_string(self, name, **kw):
return "@" + name
class SybaseDialect_pysybase(SybaseDialect):
driver = 'pysybase'
execution_ctx_cls = SybaseExecutionContext_pysybase
statement_compiler = SybaseSQLCompiler_pysybase
colspecs = {
sqltypes.Numeric: _SybNumeric,
sqltypes.Float: sqltypes.Float
}
@classmethod
def dbapi(cls):
import Sybase
return Sybase
def create_connect_args(self, url):
opts = url.translate_connect_args(username='user', password='passwd')
return ([opts.pop('host')], opts)
def do_executemany(self, cursor, statement, parameters, context=None):
# calling python-sybase executemany yields:
# TypeError: string too long for buffer
for param in parameters:
cursor.execute(statement, param)
def _get_server_version_info(self, connection):
vers = connection.scalar("select @@version_number")
# i.e. 15500, 15000, 12500 == (15, 5, 0, 0), (15, 0, 0, 0),
# (12, 5, 0, 0)
return (vers / 1000, vers % 1000 / 100, vers % 100 / 10, vers % 10)
def is_disconnect(self, e, connection, cursor):
if isinstance(e, (self.dbapi.OperationalError,
self.dbapi.ProgrammingError)):
msg = str(e)
return ('Unable to complete network request to host' in msg or
'Invalid connection state' in msg or
'Invalid cursor state' in msg)
else:
return False
dialect = SybaseDialect_pysybase

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Rules for Migrating TypeEngine classes to 0.6
---------------------------------------------
1. the TypeEngine classes are used for:
a. Specifying behavior which needs to occur for bind parameters
or result row columns.
b. Specifying types that are entirely specific to the database
in use and have no analogue in the sqlalchemy.types package.
c. Specifying types where there is an analogue in sqlalchemy.types,
but the database in use takes vendor-specific flags for those
types.
d. If a TypeEngine class doesn't provide any of this, it should be
*removed* from the dialect.
2. the TypeEngine classes are *no longer* used for generating DDL. Dialects
now have a TypeCompiler subclass which uses the same visit_XXX model as
other compilers.
3. the "ischema_names" and "colspecs" dictionaries are now required members on
the Dialect class.
4. The names of types within dialects are now important. If a dialect-specific type
is a subclass of an existing generic type and is only provided for bind/result behavior,
the current mixed case naming can remain, i.e. _PGNumeric for Numeric - in this case,
end users would never need to use _PGNumeric directly. However, if a dialect-specific
type is specifying a type *or* arguments that are not present generically, it should
match the real name of the type on that backend, in uppercase. E.g. postgresql.INET,
mysql.ENUM, postgresql.ARRAY.
Or follow this handy flowchart:
is the type meant to provide bind/result is the type the same name as an
behavior to a generic type (i.e. MixedCase) ---- no ---> UPPERCASE type in types.py ?
type in types.py ? | |
| no yes
yes | |
| | does your type need special
| +<--- yes --- behavior or arguments ?
| | |
| | no
name the type using | |
_MixedCase, i.e. v V
_OracleBoolean. it name the type don't make a
stays private to the dialect identically as that type, make sure the dialect's
and is invoked *only* via within the DB, base.py imports the types.py
the colspecs dict. using UPPERCASE UPPERCASE name into its namespace
| (i.e. BIT, NCHAR, INTERVAL).
| Users can import it.
| |
v v
subclass the closest is the name of this type
MixedCase type types.py, identical to an UPPERCASE
i.e. <--- no ------- name in types.py ?
class _DateTime(types.DateTime),
class DATETIME2(types.DateTime), |
class BIT(types.TypeEngine). yes
|
v
the type should
subclass the
UPPERCASE
type in types.py
(i.e. class BLOB(types.BLOB))
Example 1. pysqlite needs bind/result processing for the DateTime type in types.py,
which applies to all DateTimes and subclasses. It's named _SLDateTime and
subclasses types.DateTime.
Example 2. MS-SQL has a TIME type which takes a non-standard "precision" argument
that is rendered within DDL. So it's named TIME in the MS-SQL dialect's base.py,
and subclasses types.TIME. Users can then say mssql.TIME(precision=10).
Example 3. MS-SQL dialects also need special bind/result processing for date
But its DATE type doesn't render DDL differently than that of a plain
DATE, i.e. it takes no special arguments. Therefore we are just adding behavior
to types.Date, so it's named _MSDate in the MS-SQL dialect's base.py, and subclasses
types.Date.
Example 4. MySQL has a SET type, there's no analogue for this in types.py. So
MySQL names it SET in the dialect's base.py, and it subclasses types.String, since
it ultimately deals with strings.
Example 5. PostgreSQL has a DATETIME type. The DBAPIs handle dates correctly,
and no special arguments are used in PG's DDL beyond what types.py provides.
PostgreSQL dialect therefore imports types.DATETIME into its base.py.
Ideally one should be able to specify a schema using names imported completely from a
dialect, all matching the real name on that backend:
from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import base as pg
t = Table('mytable', metadata,
Column('id', pg.INTEGER, primary_key=True),
Column('name', pg.VARCHAR(300)),
Column('inetaddr', pg.INET)
)
where above, the INTEGER and VARCHAR types are ultimately from sqlalchemy.types,
but the PG dialect makes them available in its own namespace.
5. "colspecs" now is a dictionary of generic or uppercased types from sqlalchemy.types
linked to types specified in the dialect. Again, if a type in the dialect does not
specify any special behavior for bind_processor() or result_processor() and does not
indicate a special type only available in this database, it must be *removed* from the
module and from this dictionary.
6. "ischema_names" indicates string descriptions of types as returned from the database
linked to TypeEngine classes.
a. The string name should be matched to the most specific type possible within
sqlalchemy.types, unless there is no matching type within sqlalchemy.types in which
case it points to a dialect type. *It doesn't matter* if the dialect has its
own subclass of that type with special bind/result behavior - reflect to the types.py
UPPERCASE type as much as possible. With very few exceptions, all types
should reflect to an UPPERCASE type.
b. If the dialect contains a matching dialect-specific type that takes extra arguments
which the generic one does not, then point to the dialect-specific type. E.g.
mssql.VARCHAR takes a "collation" parameter which should be preserved.
5. DDL, or what was formerly issued by "get_col_spec()", is now handled exclusively by
a subclass of compiler.GenericTypeCompiler.
a. your TypeCompiler class will receive generic and uppercase types from
sqlalchemy.types. Do not assume the presence of dialect-specific attributes on
these types.
b. the visit_UPPERCASE methods on GenericTypeCompiler should *not* be overridden with
methods that produce a different DDL name. Uppercase types don't do any kind of
"guessing" - if visit_TIMESTAMP is called, the DDL should render as TIMESTAMP in
all cases, regardless of whether or not that type is legal on the backend database.
c. the visit_UPPERCASE methods *should* be overridden with methods that add additional
arguments and flags to those types.
d. the visit_lowercase methods are overridden to provide an interpretation of a generic
type. E.g. visit_large_binary() might be overridden to say "return self.visit_BIT(type_)".
e. visit_lowercase methods should *never* render strings directly - it should always
be via calling a visit_UPPERCASE() method.

434
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@ -1,434 +0,0 @@
# engine/__init__.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""SQL connections, SQL execution and high-level DB-API interface.
The engine package defines the basic components used to interface
DB-API modules with higher-level statement construction,
connection-management, execution and result contexts. The primary
"entry point" class into this package is the Engine and its public
constructor ``create_engine()``.
This package includes:
base.py
Defines interface classes and some implementation classes which
comprise the basic components used to interface between a DB-API,
constructed and plain-text statements, connections, transactions,
and results.
default.py
Contains default implementations of some of the components defined
in base.py. All current database dialects use the classes in
default.py as base classes for their own database-specific
implementations.
strategies.py
The mechanics of constructing ``Engine`` objects are represented
here. Defines the ``EngineStrategy`` class which represents how
to go from arguments specified to the ``create_engine()``
function, to a fully constructed ``Engine``, including
initialization of connection pooling, dialects, and specific
subclasses of ``Engine``.
threadlocal.py
The ``TLEngine`` class is defined here, which is a subclass of
the generic ``Engine`` and tracks ``Connection`` and
``Transaction`` objects against the identity of the current
thread. This allows certain programming patterns based around
the concept of a "thread-local connection" to be possible.
The ``TLEngine`` is created by using the "threadlocal" engine
strategy in conjunction with the ``create_engine()`` function.
url.py
Defines the ``URL`` class which represents the individual
components of a string URL passed to ``create_engine()``. Also
defines a basic module-loading strategy for the dialect specifier
within a URL.
"""
from .interfaces import (
Connectable,
CreateEnginePlugin,
Dialect,
ExecutionContext,
ExceptionContext,
# backwards compat
Compiled,
TypeCompiler
)
from .base import (
Connection,
Engine,
NestedTransaction,
RootTransaction,
Transaction,
TwoPhaseTransaction,
)
from .result import (
BaseRowProxy,
BufferedColumnResultProxy,
BufferedColumnRow,
BufferedRowResultProxy,
FullyBufferedResultProxy,
ResultProxy,
RowProxy,
)
from .util import (
connection_memoize
)
from . import util, strategies
# backwards compat
from ..sql import ddl
default_strategy = 'plain'
def create_engine(*args, **kwargs):
"""Create a new :class:`.Engine` instance.
The standard calling form is to send the URL as the
first positional argument, usually a string
that indicates database dialect and connection arguments::
engine = create_engine("postgresql://scott:tiger@localhost/test")
Additional keyword arguments may then follow it which
establish various options on the resulting :class:`.Engine`
and its underlying :class:`.Dialect` and :class:`.Pool`
constructs::
engine = create_engine("mysql://scott:tiger@hostname/dbname",
encoding='latin1', echo=True)
The string form of the URL is
``dialect[+driver]://user:password@host/dbname[?key=value..]``, where
``dialect`` is a database name such as ``mysql``, ``oracle``,
``postgresql``, etc., and ``driver`` the name of a DBAPI, such as
``psycopg2``, ``pyodbc``, ``cx_oracle``, etc. Alternatively,
the URL can be an instance of :class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.url.URL`.
``**kwargs`` takes a wide variety of options which are routed
towards their appropriate components. Arguments may be specific to
the :class:`.Engine`, the underlying :class:`.Dialect`, as well as the
:class:`.Pool`. Specific dialects also accept keyword arguments that
are unique to that dialect. Here, we describe the parameters
that are common to most :func:`.create_engine()` usage.
Once established, the newly resulting :class:`.Engine` will
request a connection from the underlying :class:`.Pool` once
:meth:`.Engine.connect` is called, or a method which depends on it
such as :meth:`.Engine.execute` is invoked. The :class:`.Pool` in turn
will establish the first actual DBAPI connection when this request
is received. The :func:`.create_engine` call itself does **not**
establish any actual DBAPI connections directly.
.. seealso::
:doc:`/core/engines`
:doc:`/dialects/index`
:ref:`connections_toplevel`
:param case_sensitive=True: if False, result column names
will match in a case-insensitive fashion, that is,
``row['SomeColumn']``.
.. versionchanged:: 0.8
By default, result row names match case-sensitively.
In version 0.7 and prior, all matches were case-insensitive.
:param connect_args: a dictionary of options which will be
passed directly to the DBAPI's ``connect()`` method as
additional keyword arguments. See the example
at :ref:`custom_dbapi_args`.
:param convert_unicode=False: if set to True, sets
the default behavior of ``convert_unicode`` on the
:class:`.String` type to ``True``, regardless
of a setting of ``False`` on an individual
:class:`.String` type, thus causing all :class:`.String`
-based columns
to accommodate Python ``unicode`` objects. This flag
is useful as an engine-wide setting when using a
DBAPI that does not natively support Python
``unicode`` objects and raises an error when
one is received (such as pyodbc with FreeTDS).
See :class:`.String` for further details on
what this flag indicates.
:param creator: a callable which returns a DBAPI connection.
This creation function will be passed to the underlying
connection pool and will be used to create all new database
connections. Usage of this function causes connection
parameters specified in the URL argument to be bypassed.
:param echo=False: if True, the Engine will log all statements
as well as a repr() of their parameter lists to the engines
logger, which defaults to sys.stdout. The ``echo`` attribute of
``Engine`` can be modified at any time to turn logging on and
off. If set to the string ``"debug"``, result rows will be
printed to the standard output as well. This flag ultimately
controls a Python logger; see :ref:`dbengine_logging` for
information on how to configure logging directly.
:param echo_pool=False: if True, the connection pool will log
all checkouts/checkins to the logging stream, which defaults to
sys.stdout. This flag ultimately controls a Python logger; see
:ref:`dbengine_logging` for information on how to configure logging
directly.
:param encoding: Defaults to ``utf-8``. This is the string
encoding used by SQLAlchemy for string encode/decode
operations which occur within SQLAlchemy, **outside of
the DBAPI.** Most modern DBAPIs feature some degree of
direct support for Python ``unicode`` objects,
what you see in Python 2 as a string of the form
``u'some string'``. For those scenarios where the
DBAPI is detected as not supporting a Python ``unicode``
object, this encoding is used to determine the
source/destination encoding. It is **not used**
for those cases where the DBAPI handles unicode
directly.
To properly configure a system to accommodate Python
``unicode`` objects, the DBAPI should be
configured to handle unicode to the greatest
degree as is appropriate - see
the notes on unicode pertaining to the specific
target database in use at :ref:`dialect_toplevel`.
Areas where string encoding may need to be accommodated
outside of the DBAPI include zero or more of:
* the values passed to bound parameters, corresponding to
the :class:`.Unicode` type or the :class:`.String` type
when ``convert_unicode`` is ``True``;
* the values returned in result set columns corresponding
to the :class:`.Unicode` type or the :class:`.String`
type when ``convert_unicode`` is ``True``;
* the string SQL statement passed to the DBAPI's
``cursor.execute()`` method;
* the string names of the keys in the bound parameter
dictionary passed to the DBAPI's ``cursor.execute()``
as well as ``cursor.setinputsizes()`` methods;
* the string column names retrieved from the DBAPI's
``cursor.description`` attribute.
When using Python 3, the DBAPI is required to support
*all* of the above values as Python ``unicode`` objects,
which in Python 3 are just known as ``str``. In Python 2,
the DBAPI does not specify unicode behavior at all,
so SQLAlchemy must make decisions for each of the above
values on a per-DBAPI basis - implementations are
completely inconsistent in their behavior.
:param execution_options: Dictionary execution options which will
be applied to all connections. See
:meth:`~sqlalchemy.engine.Connection.execution_options`
:param implicit_returning=True: When ``True``, a RETURNING-
compatible construct, if available, will be used to
fetch newly generated primary key values when a single row
INSERT statement is emitted with no existing returning()
clause. This applies to those backends which support RETURNING
or a compatible construct, including PostgreSQL, Firebird, Oracle,
Microsoft SQL Server. Set this to ``False`` to disable
the automatic usage of RETURNING.
:param isolation_level: this string parameter is interpreted by various
dialects in order to affect the transaction isolation level of the
database connection. The parameter essentially accepts some subset of
these string arguments: ``"SERIALIZABLE"``, ``"REPEATABLE_READ"``,
``"READ_COMMITTED"``, ``"READ_UNCOMMITTED"`` and ``"AUTOCOMMIT"``.
Behavior here varies per backend, and
individual dialects should be consulted directly.
Note that the isolation level can also be set on a per-:class:`.Connection`
basis as well, using the
:paramref:`.Connection.execution_options.isolation_level`
feature.
.. seealso::
:attr:`.Connection.default_isolation_level` - view default level
:paramref:`.Connection.execution_options.isolation_level`
- set per :class:`.Connection` isolation level
:ref:`SQLite Transaction Isolation <sqlite_isolation_level>`
:ref:`PostgreSQL Transaction Isolation <postgresql_isolation_level>`
:ref:`MySQL Transaction Isolation <mysql_isolation_level>`
:ref:`session_transaction_isolation` - for the ORM
:param label_length=None: optional integer value which limits
the size of dynamically generated column labels to that many
characters. If less than 6, labels are generated as
"_(counter)". If ``None``, the value of
``dialect.max_identifier_length`` is used instead.
:param listeners: A list of one or more
:class:`~sqlalchemy.interfaces.PoolListener` objects which will
receive connection pool events.
:param logging_name: String identifier which will be used within
the "name" field of logging records generated within the
"sqlalchemy.engine" logger. Defaults to a hexstring of the
object's id.
:param max_overflow=10: the number of connections to allow in
connection pool "overflow", that is connections that can be
opened above and beyond the pool_size setting, which defaults
to five. this is only used with :class:`~sqlalchemy.pool.QueuePool`.
:param module=None: reference to a Python module object (the module
itself, not its string name). Specifies an alternate DBAPI module to
be used by the engine's dialect. Each sub-dialect references a
specific DBAPI which will be imported before first connect. This
parameter causes the import to be bypassed, and the given module to
be used instead. Can be used for testing of DBAPIs as well as to
inject "mock" DBAPI implementations into the :class:`.Engine`.
:param paramstyle=None: The `paramstyle <http://legacy.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/#paramstyle>`_
to use when rendering bound parameters. This style defaults to the
one recommended by the DBAPI itself, which is retrieved from the
``.paramstyle`` attribute of the DBAPI. However, most DBAPIs accept
more than one paramstyle, and in particular it may be desirable
to change a "named" paramstyle into a "positional" one, or vice versa.
When this attribute is passed, it should be one of the values
``"qmark"``, ``"numeric"``, ``"named"``, ``"format"`` or
``"pyformat"``, and should correspond to a parameter style known
to be supported by the DBAPI in use.
:param pool=None: an already-constructed instance of
:class:`~sqlalchemy.pool.Pool`, such as a
:class:`~sqlalchemy.pool.QueuePool` instance. If non-None, this
pool will be used directly as the underlying connection pool
for the engine, bypassing whatever connection parameters are
present in the URL argument. For information on constructing
connection pools manually, see :ref:`pooling_toplevel`.
:param poolclass=None: a :class:`~sqlalchemy.pool.Pool`
subclass, which will be used to create a connection pool
instance using the connection parameters given in the URL. Note
this differs from ``pool`` in that you don't actually
instantiate the pool in this case, you just indicate what type
of pool to be used.
:param pool_logging_name: String identifier which will be used within
the "name" field of logging records generated within the
"sqlalchemy.pool" logger. Defaults to a hexstring of the object's
id.
:param pool_size=5: the number of connections to keep open
inside the connection pool. This used with
:class:`~sqlalchemy.pool.QueuePool` as
well as :class:`~sqlalchemy.pool.SingletonThreadPool`. With
:class:`~sqlalchemy.pool.QueuePool`, a ``pool_size`` setting
of 0 indicates no limit; to disable pooling, set ``poolclass`` to
:class:`~sqlalchemy.pool.NullPool` instead.
:param pool_recycle=-1: this setting causes the pool to recycle
connections after the given number of seconds has passed. It
defaults to -1, or no timeout. For example, setting to 3600
means connections will be recycled after one hour. Note that
MySQL in particular will disconnect automatically if no
activity is detected on a connection for eight hours (although
this is configurable with the MySQLDB connection itself and the
server configuration as well).
:param pool_reset_on_return='rollback': set the "reset on return"
behavior of the pool, which is whether ``rollback()``,
``commit()``, or nothing is called upon connections
being returned to the pool. See the docstring for
``reset_on_return`` at :class:`.Pool`.
.. versionadded:: 0.7.6
:param pool_timeout=30: number of seconds to wait before giving
up on getting a connection from the pool. This is only used
with :class:`~sqlalchemy.pool.QueuePool`.
:param strategy='plain': selects alternate engine implementations.
Currently available are:
* the ``threadlocal`` strategy, which is described in
:ref:`threadlocal_strategy`;
* the ``mock`` strategy, which dispatches all statement
execution to a function passed as the argument ``executor``.
See `example in the FAQ
<http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/faq/metadata_schema.html#how-can-i-get-the-create-table-drop-table-output-as-a-string>`_.
:param executor=None: a function taking arguments
``(sql, *multiparams, **params)``, to which the ``mock`` strategy will
dispatch all statement execution. Used only by ``strategy='mock'``.
"""
strategy = kwargs.pop('strategy', default_strategy)
strategy = strategies.strategies[strategy]
return strategy.create(*args, **kwargs)
def engine_from_config(configuration, prefix='sqlalchemy.', **kwargs):
"""Create a new Engine instance using a configuration dictionary.
The dictionary is typically produced from a config file.
The keys of interest to ``engine_from_config()`` should be prefixed, e.g.
``sqlalchemy.url``, ``sqlalchemy.echo``, etc. The 'prefix' argument
indicates the prefix to be searched for. Each matching key (after the
prefix is stripped) is treated as though it were the corresponding keyword
argument to a :func:`.create_engine` call.
The only required key is (assuming the default prefix) ``sqlalchemy.url``,
which provides the :ref:`database URL <database_urls>`.
A select set of keyword arguments will be "coerced" to their
expected type based on string values. The set of arguments
is extensible per-dialect using the ``engine_config_types`` accessor.
:param configuration: A dictionary (typically produced from a config file,
but this is not a requirement). Items whose keys start with the value
of 'prefix' will have that prefix stripped, and will then be passed to
:ref:`create_engine`.
:param prefix: Prefix to match and then strip from keys
in 'configuration'.
:param kwargs: Each keyword argument to ``engine_from_config()`` itself
overrides the corresponding item taken from the 'configuration'
dictionary. Keyword arguments should *not* be prefixed.
"""
options = dict((key[len(prefix):], configuration[key])
for key in configuration
if key.startswith(prefix))
options['_coerce_config'] = True
options.update(kwargs)
url = options.pop('url')
return create_engine(url, **options)
__all__ = (
'create_engine',
'engine_from_config',
)

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sqlalchemy/engine/base.py
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sqlalchemy/engine/ddl.py
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# engine/ddl.py
# Copyright (C) 2009, 2010 Michael Bayer mike_mp@zzzcomputing.com
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""Routines to handle CREATE/DROP workflow."""
from sqlalchemy import engine, schema
from sqlalchemy.sql import util as sql_util
class DDLBase(schema.SchemaVisitor):
def __init__(self, connection):
self.connection = connection
class SchemaGenerator(DDLBase):
def __init__(self, dialect, connection, checkfirst=False, tables=None, **kwargs):
super(SchemaGenerator, self).__init__(connection, **kwargs)
self.checkfirst = checkfirst
self.tables = tables and set(tables) or None
self.preparer = dialect.identifier_preparer
self.dialect = dialect
def _can_create(self, table):
self.dialect.validate_identifier(table.name)
if table.schema:
self.dialect.validate_identifier(table.schema)
return not self.checkfirst or not self.dialect.has_table(self.connection, table.name, schema=table.schema)
def visit_metadata(self, metadata):
if self.tables:
tables = self.tables
else:
tables = metadata.tables.values()
collection = [t for t in sql_util.sort_tables(tables) if self._can_create(t)]
for listener in metadata.ddl_listeners['before-create']:
listener('before-create', metadata, self.connection, tables=collection)
for table in collection:
self.traverse_single(table)
for listener in metadata.ddl_listeners['after-create']:
listener('after-create', metadata, self.connection, tables=collection)
def visit_table(self, table):
for listener in table.ddl_listeners['before-create']:
listener('before-create', table, self.connection)
for column in table.columns:
if column.default is not None:
self.traverse_single(column.default)
self.connection.execute(schema.CreateTable(table))
if hasattr(table, 'indexes'):
for index in table.indexes:
self.traverse_single(index)
for listener in table.ddl_listeners['after-create']:
listener('after-create', table, self.connection)
def visit_sequence(self, sequence):
if self.dialect.supports_sequences:
if ((not self.dialect.sequences_optional or
not sequence.optional) and
(not self.checkfirst or
not self.dialect.has_sequence(self.connection, sequence.name, schema=sequence.schema))):
self.connection.execute(schema.CreateSequence(sequence))
def visit_index(self, index):
self.connection.execute(schema.CreateIndex(index))
class SchemaDropper(DDLBase):
def __init__(self, dialect, connection, checkfirst=False, tables=None, **kwargs):
super(SchemaDropper, self).__init__(connection, **kwargs)
self.checkfirst = checkfirst
self.tables = tables
self.preparer = dialect.identifier_preparer
self.dialect = dialect
def visit_metadata(self, metadata):
if self.tables:
tables = self.tables
else:
tables = metadata.tables.values()
collection = [t for t in reversed(sql_util.sort_tables(tables)) if self._can_drop(t)]
for listener in metadata.ddl_listeners['before-drop']:
listener('before-drop', metadata, self.connection, tables=collection)
for table in collection:
self.traverse_single(table)
for listener in metadata.ddl_listeners['after-drop']:
listener('after-drop', metadata, self.connection, tables=collection)
def _can_drop(self, table):
self.dialect.validate_identifier(table.name)
if table.schema:
self.dialect.validate_identifier(table.schema)
return not self.checkfirst or self.dialect.has_table(self.connection, table.name, schema=table.schema)
def visit_index(self, index):
self.connection.execute(schema.DropIndex(index))
def visit_table(self, table):
for listener in table.ddl_listeners['before-drop']:
listener('before-drop', table, self.connection)
for column in table.columns:
if column.default is not None:
self.traverse_single(column.default)
self.connection.execute(schema.DropTable(table))
for listener in table.ddl_listeners['after-drop']:
listener('after-drop', table, self.connection)
def visit_sequence(self, sequence):
if self.dialect.supports_sequences:
if ((not self.dialect.sequences_optional or
not sequence.optional) and
(not self.checkfirst or
self.dialect.has_sequence(self.connection, sequence.name, schema=sequence.schema))):
self.connection.execute(schema.DropSequence(sequence))

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sqlalchemy/engine/interfaces.py
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sqlalchemy/engine/reflection.py
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# engine/reflection.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""Provides an abstraction for obtaining database schema information.
Usage Notes:
Here are some general conventions when accessing the low level inspector
methods such as get_table_names, get_columns, etc.
1. Inspector methods return lists of dicts in most cases for the following
reasons:
* They're both standard types that can be serialized.
* Using a dict instead of a tuple allows easy expansion of attributes.
* Using a list for the outer structure maintains order and is easy to work
with (e.g. list comprehension [d['name'] for d in cols]).
2. Records that contain a name, such as the column name in a column record
use the key 'name'. So for most return values, each record will have a
'name' attribute..
"""
from .. import exc, sql
from ..sql import schema as sa_schema
from .. import util
from ..sql.type_api import TypeEngine
from ..util import deprecated
from ..util import topological
from .. import inspection
from .base import Connectable
@util.decorator
def cache(fn, self, con, *args, **kw):
info_cache = kw.get('info_cache', None)
if info_cache is None:
return fn(self, con, *args, **kw)
key = (
fn.__name__,
tuple(a for a in args if isinstance(a, util.string_types)),
tuple((k, v) for k, v in kw.items() if
isinstance(v,
util.string_types + util.int_types + (float, )
)
)
)
ret = info_cache.get(key)
if ret is None:
ret = fn(self, con, *args, **kw)
info_cache[key] = ret
return ret
class Inspector(object):
"""Performs database schema inspection.
The Inspector acts as a proxy to the reflection methods of the
:class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.Dialect`, providing a
consistent interface as well as caching support for previously
fetched metadata.
A :class:`.Inspector` object is usually created via the
:func:`.inspect` function::
from sqlalchemy import inspect, create_engine
engine = create_engine('...')
insp = inspect(engine)
The inspection method above is equivalent to using the
:meth:`.Inspector.from_engine` method, i.e.::
engine = create_engine('...')
insp = Inspector.from_engine(engine)
Where above, the :class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.Dialect` may opt
to return an :class:`.Inspector` subclass that provides additional
methods specific to the dialect's target database.
"""
def __init__(self, bind):
"""Initialize a new :class:`.Inspector`.
:param bind: a :class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.Connectable`,
which is typically an instance of
:class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.Engine` or
:class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.Connection`.
For a dialect-specific instance of :class:`.Inspector`, see
:meth:`.Inspector.from_engine`
"""
# this might not be a connection, it could be an engine.
self.bind = bind
# set the engine
if hasattr(bind, 'engine'):
self.engine = bind.engine
else:
self.engine = bind
if self.engine is bind:
# if engine, ensure initialized
bind.connect().close()
self.dialect = self.engine.dialect
self.info_cache = {}
@classmethod
def from_engine(cls, bind):
"""Construct a new dialect-specific Inspector object from the given
engine or connection.
:param bind: a :class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.Connectable`,
which is typically an instance of
:class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.Engine` or
:class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.Connection`.
This method differs from direct a direct constructor call of
:class:`.Inspector` in that the
:class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.Dialect` is given a chance to
provide a dialect-specific :class:`.Inspector` instance, which may
provide additional methods.
See the example at :class:`.Inspector`.
"""
if hasattr(bind.dialect, 'inspector'):
return bind.dialect.inspector(bind)
return Inspector(bind)
@inspection._inspects(Connectable)
def _insp(bind):
return Inspector.from_engine(bind)
@property
def default_schema_name(self):
"""Return the default schema name presented by the dialect
for the current engine's database user.
E.g. this is typically ``public`` for PostgreSQL and ``dbo``
for SQL Server.
"""
return self.dialect.default_schema_name
def get_schema_names(self):
"""Return all schema names.
"""
if hasattr(self.dialect, 'get_schema_names'):
return self.dialect.get_schema_names(self.bind,
info_cache=self.info_cache)
return []
def get_table_names(self, schema=None, order_by=None):
"""Return all table names in referred to within a particular schema.
The names are expected to be real tables only, not views.
Views are instead returned using the :meth:`.Inspector.get_view_names`
method.
:param schema: Schema name. If ``schema`` is left at ``None``, the
database's default schema is
used, else the named schema is searched. If the database does not
support named schemas, behavior is undefined if ``schema`` is not
passed as ``None``. For special quoting, use :class:`.quoted_name`.
:param order_by: Optional, may be the string "foreign_key" to sort
the result on foreign key dependencies. Does not automatically
resolve cycles, and will raise :class:`.CircularDependencyError`
if cycles exist.
.. deprecated:: 1.0.0 - see
:meth:`.Inspector.get_sorted_table_and_fkc_names` for a version
of this which resolves foreign key cycles between tables
automatically.
.. versionchanged:: 0.8 the "foreign_key" sorting sorts tables
in order of dependee to dependent; that is, in creation
order, rather than in drop order. This is to maintain
consistency with similar features such as
:attr:`.MetaData.sorted_tables` and :func:`.util.sort_tables`.
.. seealso::
:meth:`.Inspector.get_sorted_table_and_fkc_names`
:attr:`.MetaData.sorted_tables`
"""
if hasattr(self.dialect, 'get_table_names'):
tnames = self.dialect.get_table_names(
self.bind, schema, info_cache=self.info_cache)
else:
tnames = self.engine.table_names(schema)
if order_by == 'foreign_key':
tuples = []
for tname in tnames:
for fkey in self.get_foreign_keys(tname, schema):
if tname != fkey['referred_table']:
tuples.append((fkey['referred_table'], tname))
tnames = list(topological.sort(tuples, tnames))
return tnames
def get_sorted_table_and_fkc_names(self, schema=None):
"""Return dependency-sorted table and foreign key constraint names in
referred to within a particular schema.
This will yield 2-tuples of
``(tablename, [(tname, fkname), (tname, fkname), ...])``
consisting of table names in CREATE order grouped with the foreign key
constraint names that are not detected as belonging to a cycle.
The final element
will be ``(None, [(tname, fkname), (tname, fkname), ..])``
which will consist of remaining
foreign key constraint names that would require a separate CREATE
step after-the-fact, based on dependencies between tables.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.-
.. seealso::
:meth:`.Inspector.get_table_names`
:func:`.sort_tables_and_constraints` - similar method which works
with an already-given :class:`.MetaData`.
"""
if hasattr(self.dialect, 'get_table_names'):
tnames = self.dialect.get_table_names(
self.bind, schema, info_cache=self.info_cache)
else:
tnames = self.engine.table_names(schema)
tuples = set()
remaining_fkcs = set()
fknames_for_table = {}
for tname in tnames:
fkeys = self.get_foreign_keys(tname, schema)
fknames_for_table[tname] = set(
[fk['name'] for fk in fkeys]
)
for fkey in fkeys:
if tname != fkey['referred_table']:
tuples.add((fkey['referred_table'], tname))
try:
candidate_sort = list(topological.sort(tuples, tnames))
except exc.CircularDependencyError as err:
for edge in err.edges:
tuples.remove(edge)
remaining_fkcs.update(
(edge[1], fkc)
for fkc in fknames_for_table[edge[1]]
)
candidate_sort = list(topological.sort(tuples, tnames))
return [
(tname, fknames_for_table[tname].difference(remaining_fkcs))
for tname in candidate_sort
] + [(None, list(remaining_fkcs))]
def get_temp_table_names(self):
"""return a list of temporary table names for the current bind.
This method is unsupported by most dialects; currently
only SQLite implements it.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.0
"""
return self.dialect.get_temp_table_names(
self.bind, info_cache=self.info_cache)
def get_temp_view_names(self):
"""return a list of temporary view names for the current bind.
This method is unsupported by most dialects; currently
only SQLite implements it.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.0
"""
return self.dialect.get_temp_view_names(
self.bind, info_cache=self.info_cache)
def get_table_options(self, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
"""Return a dictionary of options specified when the table of the
given name was created.
This currently includes some options that apply to MySQL tables.
:param table_name: string name of the table. For special quoting,
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
:param schema: string schema name; if omitted, uses the default schema
of the database connection. For special quoting,
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
"""
if hasattr(self.dialect, 'get_table_options'):
return self.dialect.get_table_options(
self.bind, table_name, schema,
info_cache=self.info_cache, **kw)
return {}
def get_view_names(self, schema=None):
"""Return all view names in `schema`.
:param schema: Optional, retrieve names from a non-default schema.
For special quoting, use :class:`.quoted_name`.
"""
return self.dialect.get_view_names(self.bind, schema,
info_cache=self.info_cache)
def get_view_definition(self, view_name, schema=None):
"""Return definition for `view_name`.
:param schema: Optional, retrieve names from a non-default schema.
For special quoting, use :class:`.quoted_name`.
"""
return self.dialect.get_view_definition(
self.bind, view_name, schema, info_cache=self.info_cache)
def get_columns(self, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
"""Return information about columns in `table_name`.
Given a string `table_name` and an optional string `schema`, return
column information as a list of dicts with these keys:
* ``name`` - the column's name
* ``type`` - the type of this column; an instance of
:class:`~sqlalchemy.types.TypeEngine`
* ``nullable`` - boolean flag if the column is NULL or NOT NULL
* ``default`` - the column's server default value - this is returned
as a string SQL expression.
* ``attrs`` - dict containing optional column attributes
:param table_name: string name of the table. For special quoting,
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
:param schema: string schema name; if omitted, uses the default schema
of the database connection. For special quoting,
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
:return: list of dictionaries, each representing the definition of
a database column.
"""
col_defs = self.dialect.get_columns(self.bind, table_name, schema,
info_cache=self.info_cache,
**kw)
for col_def in col_defs:
# make this easy and only return instances for coltype
coltype = col_def['type']
if not isinstance(coltype, TypeEngine):
col_def['type'] = coltype()
return col_defs
@deprecated('0.7', 'Call to deprecated method get_primary_keys.'
' Use get_pk_constraint instead.')
def get_primary_keys(self, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
"""Return information about primary keys in `table_name`.
Given a string `table_name`, and an optional string `schema`, return
primary key information as a list of column names.
"""
return self.dialect.get_pk_constraint(self.bind, table_name, schema,
info_cache=self.info_cache,
**kw)['constrained_columns']
def get_pk_constraint(self, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
"""Return information about primary key constraint on `table_name`.
Given a string `table_name`, and an optional string `schema`, return
primary key information as a dictionary with these keys:
constrained_columns
a list of column names that make up the primary key
name
optional name of the primary key constraint.
:param table_name: string name of the table. For special quoting,
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
:param schema: string schema name; if omitted, uses the default schema
of the database connection. For special quoting,
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
"""
return self.dialect.get_pk_constraint(self.bind, table_name, schema,
info_cache=self.info_cache,
**kw)
def get_foreign_keys(self, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
"""Return information about foreign_keys in `table_name`.
Given a string `table_name`, and an optional string `schema`, return
foreign key information as a list of dicts with these keys:
constrained_columns
a list of column names that make up the foreign key
referred_schema
the name of the referred schema
referred_table
the name of the referred table
referred_columns
a list of column names in the referred table that correspond to
constrained_columns
name
optional name of the foreign key constraint.
:param table_name: string name of the table. For special quoting,
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
:param schema: string schema name; if omitted, uses the default schema
of the database connection. For special quoting,
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
"""
return self.dialect.get_foreign_keys(self.bind, table_name, schema,
info_cache=self.info_cache,
**kw)
def get_indexes(self, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
"""Return information about indexes in `table_name`.
Given a string `table_name` and an optional string `schema`, return
index information as a list of dicts with these keys:
name
the index's name
column_names
list of column names in order
unique
boolean
dialect_options
dict of dialect-specific index options. May not be present
for all dialects.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.0
:param table_name: string name of the table. For special quoting,
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
:param schema: string schema name; if omitted, uses the default schema
of the database connection. For special quoting,
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
"""
return self.dialect.get_indexes(self.bind, table_name,
schema,
info_cache=self.info_cache, **kw)
def get_unique_constraints(self, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
"""Return information about unique constraints in `table_name`.
Given a string `table_name` and an optional string `schema`, return
unique constraint information as a list of dicts with these keys:
name
the unique constraint's name
column_names
list of column names in order
:param table_name: string name of the table. For special quoting,
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
:param schema: string schema name; if omitted, uses the default schema
of the database connection. For special quoting,
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
.. versionadded:: 0.8.4
"""
return self.dialect.get_unique_constraints(
self.bind, table_name, schema, info_cache=self.info_cache, **kw)
def get_check_constraints(self, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
"""Return information about check constraints in `table_name`.
Given a string `table_name` and an optional string `schema`, return
check constraint information as a list of dicts with these keys:
name
the check constraint's name
sqltext
the check constraint's SQL expression
:param table_name: string name of the table. For special quoting,
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
:param schema: string schema name; if omitted, uses the default schema
of the database connection. For special quoting,
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.0
"""
return self.dialect.get_check_constraints(
self.bind, table_name, schema, info_cache=self.info_cache, **kw)
def reflecttable(self, table, include_columns, exclude_columns=(),
_extend_on=None):
"""Given a Table object, load its internal constructs based on
introspection.
This is the underlying method used by most dialects to produce
table reflection. Direct usage is like::
from sqlalchemy import create_engine, MetaData, Table
from sqlalchemy.engine import reflection
engine = create_engine('...')
meta = MetaData()
user_table = Table('user', meta)
insp = Inspector.from_engine(engine)
insp.reflecttable(user_table, None)
:param table: a :class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Table` instance.
:param include_columns: a list of string column names to include
in the reflection process. If ``None``, all columns are reflected.
"""
if _extend_on is not None:
if table in _extend_on:
return
else:
_extend_on.add(table)
dialect = self.bind.dialect
schema = self.bind.schema_for_object(table)
table_name = table.name
# get table-level arguments that are specifically
# intended for reflection, e.g. oracle_resolve_synonyms.
# these are unconditionally passed to related Table
# objects
reflection_options = dict(
(k, table.dialect_kwargs.get(k))
for k in dialect.reflection_options
if k in table.dialect_kwargs
)
# reflect table options, like mysql_engine
tbl_opts = self.get_table_options(
table_name, schema, **table.dialect_kwargs)
if tbl_opts:
# add additional kwargs to the Table if the dialect
# returned them
table._validate_dialect_kwargs(tbl_opts)
if util.py2k:
if isinstance(schema, str):
schema = schema.decode(dialect.encoding)
if isinstance(table_name, str):
table_name = table_name.decode(dialect.encoding)
found_table = False
cols_by_orig_name = {}
for col_d in self.get_columns(
table_name, schema, **table.dialect_kwargs):
found_table = True
self._reflect_column(
table, col_d, include_columns,
exclude_columns, cols_by_orig_name)
if not found_table:
raise exc.NoSuchTableError(table.name)
self._reflect_pk(
table_name, schema, table, cols_by_orig_name, exclude_columns)
self._reflect_fk(
table_name, schema, table, cols_by_orig_name,
exclude_columns, _extend_on, reflection_options)
self._reflect_indexes(
table_name, schema, table, cols_by_orig_name,
include_columns, exclude_columns, reflection_options)
self._reflect_unique_constraints(
table_name, schema, table, cols_by_orig_name,
include_columns, exclude_columns, reflection_options)
self._reflect_check_constraints(
table_name, schema, table, cols_by_orig_name,
include_columns, exclude_columns, reflection_options)
def _reflect_column(
self, table, col_d, include_columns,
exclude_columns, cols_by_orig_name):
orig_name = col_d['name']
table.dispatch.column_reflect(self, table, col_d)
# fetch name again as column_reflect is allowed to
# change it
name = col_d['name']
if (include_columns and name not in include_columns) \
or (exclude_columns and name in exclude_columns):
return
coltype = col_d['type']
col_kw = dict(
(k, col_d[k])
for k in ['nullable', 'autoincrement', 'quote', 'info', 'key']
if k in col_d
)
colargs = []
if col_d.get('default') is not None:
default = col_d['default']
if isinstance(default, sql.elements.TextClause):
default = sa_schema.DefaultClause(default, _reflected=True)
elif not isinstance(default, sa_schema.FetchedValue):
default = sa_schema.DefaultClause(
sql.text(col_d['default']), _reflected=True)
colargs.append(default)
if 'sequence' in col_d:
self._reflect_col_sequence(col_d, colargs)
cols_by_orig_name[orig_name] = col = \
sa_schema.Column(name, coltype, *colargs, **col_kw)
if col.key in table.primary_key:
col.primary_key = True
table.append_column(col)
def _reflect_col_sequence(self, col_d, colargs):
if 'sequence' in col_d:
# TODO: mssql and sybase are using this.
seq = col_d['sequence']
sequence = sa_schema.Sequence(seq['name'], 1, 1)
if 'start' in seq:
sequence.start = seq['start']
if 'increment' in seq:
sequence.increment = seq['increment']
colargs.append(sequence)
def _reflect_pk(
self, table_name, schema, table,
cols_by_orig_name, exclude_columns):
pk_cons = self.get_pk_constraint(
table_name, schema, **table.dialect_kwargs)
if pk_cons:
pk_cols = [
cols_by_orig_name[pk]
for pk in pk_cons['constrained_columns']
if pk in cols_by_orig_name and pk not in exclude_columns
]
# update pk constraint name
table.primary_key.name = pk_cons.get('name')
# tell the PKConstraint to re-initialize
# its column collection
table.primary_key._reload(pk_cols)
def _reflect_fk(
self, table_name, schema, table, cols_by_orig_name,
exclude_columns, _extend_on, reflection_options):
fkeys = self.get_foreign_keys(
table_name, schema, **table.dialect_kwargs)
for fkey_d in fkeys:
conname = fkey_d['name']
# look for columns by orig name in cols_by_orig_name,
# but support columns that are in-Python only as fallback
constrained_columns = [
cols_by_orig_name[c].key
if c in cols_by_orig_name else c
for c in fkey_d['constrained_columns']
]
if exclude_columns and set(constrained_columns).intersection(
exclude_columns):
continue
referred_schema = fkey_d['referred_schema']
referred_table = fkey_d['referred_table']
referred_columns = fkey_d['referred_columns']
refspec = []
if referred_schema is not None:
sa_schema.Table(referred_table, table.metadata,
autoload=True, schema=referred_schema,
autoload_with=self.bind,
_extend_on=_extend_on,
**reflection_options
)
for column in referred_columns:
refspec.append(".".join(
[referred_schema, referred_table, column]))
else:
sa_schema.Table(referred_table, table.metadata, autoload=True,
autoload_with=self.bind,
schema=sa_schema.BLANK_SCHEMA,
_extend_on=_extend_on,
**reflection_options
)
for column in referred_columns:
refspec.append(".".join([referred_table, column]))
if 'options' in fkey_d:
options = fkey_d['options']
else:
options = {}
table.append_constraint(
sa_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint(constrained_columns, refspec,
conname, link_to_name=True,
**options))
def _reflect_indexes(
self, table_name, schema, table, cols_by_orig_name,
include_columns, exclude_columns, reflection_options):
# Indexes
indexes = self.get_indexes(table_name, schema)
for index_d in indexes:
name = index_d['name']
columns = index_d['column_names']
unique = index_d['unique']
flavor = index_d.get('type', 'index')
dialect_options = index_d.get('dialect_options', {})
duplicates = index_d.get('duplicates_constraint')
if include_columns and \
not set(columns).issubset(include_columns):
util.warn(
"Omitting %s key for (%s), key covers omitted columns." %
(flavor, ', '.join(columns)))
continue
if duplicates:
continue
# look for columns by orig name in cols_by_orig_name,
# but support columns that are in-Python only as fallback
idx_cols = []
for c in columns:
try:
idx_col = cols_by_orig_name[c] \
if c in cols_by_orig_name else table.c[c]
except KeyError:
util.warn(
"%s key '%s' was not located in "
"columns for table '%s'" % (
flavor, c, table_name
))
else:
idx_cols.append(idx_col)
sa_schema.Index(
name, *idx_cols,
**dict(list(dialect_options.items()) + [('unique', unique)])
)
def _reflect_unique_constraints(
self, table_name, schema, table, cols_by_orig_name,
include_columns, exclude_columns, reflection_options):
# Unique Constraints
try:
constraints = self.get_unique_constraints(table_name, schema)
except NotImplementedError:
# optional dialect feature
return
for const_d in constraints:
conname = const_d['name']
columns = const_d['column_names']
duplicates = const_d.get('duplicates_index')
if include_columns and \
not set(columns).issubset(include_columns):
util.warn(
"Omitting unique constraint key for (%s), "
"key covers omitted columns." %
', '.join(columns))
continue
if duplicates:
continue
# look for columns by orig name in cols_by_orig_name,
# but support columns that are in-Python only as fallback
constrained_cols = []
for c in columns:
try:
constrained_col = cols_by_orig_name[c] \
if c in cols_by_orig_name else table.c[c]
except KeyError:
util.warn(
"unique constraint key '%s' was not located in "
"columns for table '%s'" % (c, table_name))
else:
constrained_cols.append(constrained_col)
table.append_constraint(
sa_schema.UniqueConstraint(*constrained_cols, name=conname))
def _reflect_check_constraints(
self, table_name, schema, table, cols_by_orig_name,
include_columns, exclude_columns, reflection_options):
try:
constraints = self.get_check_constraints(table_name, schema)
except NotImplementedError:
# optional dialect feature
return
for const_d in constraints:
table.append_constraint(
sa_schema.CheckConstraint(**const_d))

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sqlalchemy/engine/result.py
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sqlalchemy/engine/strategies.py
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@ -1,283 +0,0 @@
# engine/strategies.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""Strategies for creating new instances of Engine types.
These are semi-private implementation classes which provide the
underlying behavior for the "strategy" keyword argument available on
:func:`~sqlalchemy.engine.create_engine`. Current available options are
``plain``, ``threadlocal``, and ``mock``.
New strategies can be added via new ``EngineStrategy`` classes.
"""
from operator import attrgetter
from sqlalchemy.engine import base, threadlocal, url
from sqlalchemy import util, event
from sqlalchemy import pool as poollib
from sqlalchemy.sql import schema
strategies = {}
class EngineStrategy(object):
"""An adaptor that processes input arguments and produces an Engine.
Provides a ``create`` method that receives input arguments and
produces an instance of base.Engine or a subclass.
"""
def __init__(self):
strategies[self.name] = self
def create(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""Given arguments, returns a new Engine instance."""
raise NotImplementedError()
class DefaultEngineStrategy(EngineStrategy):
"""Base class for built-in strategies."""
def create(self, name_or_url, **kwargs):
# create url.URL object
u = url.make_url(name_or_url)
plugins = u._instantiate_plugins(kwargs)
u.query.pop('plugin', None)
entrypoint = u._get_entrypoint()
dialect_cls = entrypoint.get_dialect_cls(u)
if kwargs.pop('_coerce_config', False):
def pop_kwarg(key, default=None):
value = kwargs.pop(key, default)
if key in dialect_cls.engine_config_types:
value = dialect_cls.engine_config_types[key](value)
return value
else:
pop_kwarg = kwargs.pop
dialect_args = {}
# consume dialect arguments from kwargs
for k in util.get_cls_kwargs(dialect_cls):
if k in kwargs:
dialect_args[k] = pop_kwarg(k)
dbapi = kwargs.pop('module', None)
if dbapi is None:
dbapi_args = {}
for k in util.get_func_kwargs(dialect_cls.dbapi):
if k in kwargs:
dbapi_args[k] = pop_kwarg(k)
dbapi = dialect_cls.dbapi(**dbapi_args)
dialect_args['dbapi'] = dbapi
for plugin in plugins:
plugin.handle_dialect_kwargs(dialect_cls, dialect_args)
# create dialect
dialect = dialect_cls(**dialect_args)
# assemble connection arguments
(cargs, cparams) = dialect.create_connect_args(u)
cparams.update(pop_kwarg('connect_args', {}))
cargs = list(cargs) # allow mutability
# look for existing pool or create
pool = pop_kwarg('pool', None)
if pool is None:
def connect(connection_record=None):
if dialect._has_events:
for fn in dialect.dispatch.do_connect:
connection = fn(
dialect, connection_record, cargs, cparams)
if connection is not None:
return connection
return dialect.connect(*cargs, **cparams)
creator = pop_kwarg('creator', connect)
poolclass = pop_kwarg('poolclass', None)
if poolclass is None:
poolclass = dialect_cls.get_pool_class(u)
pool_args = {
'dialect': dialect
}
# consume pool arguments from kwargs, translating a few of
# the arguments
translate = {'logging_name': 'pool_logging_name',
'echo': 'echo_pool',
'timeout': 'pool_timeout',
'recycle': 'pool_recycle',
'events': 'pool_events',
'use_threadlocal': 'pool_threadlocal',
'reset_on_return': 'pool_reset_on_return'}
for k in util.get_cls_kwargs(poolclass):
tk = translate.get(k, k)
if tk in kwargs:
pool_args[k] = pop_kwarg(tk)
for plugin in plugins:
plugin.handle_pool_kwargs(poolclass, pool_args)
pool = poolclass(creator, **pool_args)
else:
if isinstance(pool, poollib._DBProxy):
pool = pool.get_pool(*cargs, **cparams)
else:
pool = pool
pool._dialect = dialect
# create engine.
engineclass = self.engine_cls
engine_args = {}
for k in util.get_cls_kwargs(engineclass):
if k in kwargs:
engine_args[k] = pop_kwarg(k)
_initialize = kwargs.pop('_initialize', True)
# all kwargs should be consumed
if kwargs:
raise TypeError(
"Invalid argument(s) %s sent to create_engine(), "
"using configuration %s/%s/%s. Please check that the "
"keyword arguments are appropriate for this combination "
"of components." % (','.join("'%s'" % k for k in kwargs),
dialect.__class__.__name__,
pool.__class__.__name__,
engineclass.__name__))
engine = engineclass(pool, dialect, u, **engine_args)
if _initialize:
do_on_connect = dialect.on_connect()
if do_on_connect:
def on_connect(dbapi_connection, connection_record):
conn = getattr(
dbapi_connection, '_sqla_unwrap', dbapi_connection)
if conn is None:
return
do_on_connect(conn)
event.listen(pool, 'first_connect', on_connect)
event.listen(pool, 'connect', on_connect)
def first_connect(dbapi_connection, connection_record):
c = base.Connection(engine, connection=dbapi_connection,
_has_events=False)
c._execution_options = util.immutabledict()
dialect.initialize(c)
event.listen(pool, 'first_connect', first_connect, once=True)
dialect_cls.engine_created(engine)
if entrypoint is not dialect_cls:
entrypoint.engine_created(engine)
for plugin in plugins:
plugin.engine_created(engine)
return engine
class PlainEngineStrategy(DefaultEngineStrategy):
"""Strategy for configuring a regular Engine."""
name = 'plain'
engine_cls = base.Engine
PlainEngineStrategy()
class ThreadLocalEngineStrategy(DefaultEngineStrategy):
"""Strategy for configuring an Engine with threadlocal behavior."""
name = 'threadlocal'
engine_cls = threadlocal.TLEngine
ThreadLocalEngineStrategy()
class MockEngineStrategy(EngineStrategy):
"""Strategy for configuring an Engine-like object with mocked execution.
Produces a single mock Connectable object which dispatches
statement execution to a passed-in function.
"""
name = 'mock'
def create(self, name_or_url, executor, **kwargs):
# create url.URL object
u = url.make_url(name_or_url)
dialect_cls = u.get_dialect()
dialect_args = {}
# consume dialect arguments from kwargs
for k in util.get_cls_kwargs(dialect_cls):
if k in kwargs:
dialect_args[k] = kwargs.pop(k)
# create dialect
dialect = dialect_cls(**dialect_args)
return MockEngineStrategy.MockConnection(dialect, executor)
class MockConnection(base.Connectable):
def __init__(self, dialect, execute):
self._dialect = dialect
self.execute = execute
engine = property(lambda s: s)
dialect = property(attrgetter('_dialect'))
name = property(lambda s: s._dialect.name)
schema_for_object = schema._schema_getter(None)
def contextual_connect(self, **kwargs):
return self
def execution_options(self, **kw):
return self
def compiler(self, statement, parameters, **kwargs):
return self._dialect.compiler(
statement, parameters, engine=self, **kwargs)
def create(self, entity, **kwargs):
kwargs['checkfirst'] = False
from sqlalchemy.engine import ddl
ddl.SchemaGenerator(
self.dialect, self, **kwargs).traverse_single(entity)
def drop(self, entity, **kwargs):
kwargs['checkfirst'] = False
from sqlalchemy.engine import ddl
ddl.SchemaDropper(
self.dialect, self, **kwargs).traverse_single(entity)
def _run_visitor(self, visitorcallable, element,
connection=None,
**kwargs):
kwargs['checkfirst'] = False
visitorcallable(self.dialect, self,
**kwargs).traverse_single(element)
def execute(self, object, *multiparams, **params):
raise NotImplementedError()
MockEngineStrategy()

138
sqlalchemy/engine/threadlocal.py
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@ -1,138 +0,0 @@
# engine/threadlocal.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""Provides a thread-local transactional wrapper around the root Engine class.
The ``threadlocal`` module is invoked when using the
``strategy="threadlocal"`` flag with :func:`~sqlalchemy.engine.create_engine`.
This module is semi-private and is invoked automatically when the threadlocal
engine strategy is used.
"""
from .. import util
from . import base
import weakref
class TLConnection(base.Connection):
def __init__(self, *arg, **kw):
super(TLConnection, self).__init__(*arg, **kw)
self.__opencount = 0
def _increment_connect(self):
self.__opencount += 1
return self
def close(self):
if self.__opencount == 1:
base.Connection.close(self)
self.__opencount -= 1
def _force_close(self):
self.__opencount = 0
base.Connection.close(self)
class TLEngine(base.Engine):
"""An Engine that includes support for thread-local managed
transactions.
"""
_tl_connection_cls = TLConnection
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(TLEngine, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self._connections = util.threading.local()
def contextual_connect(self, **kw):
if not hasattr(self._connections, 'conn'):
connection = None
else:
connection = self._connections.conn()
if connection is None or connection.closed:
# guards against pool-level reapers, if desired.
# or not connection.connection.is_valid:
connection = self._tl_connection_cls(
self,
self._wrap_pool_connect(
self.pool.connect, connection),
**kw)
self._connections.conn = weakref.ref(connection)
return connection._increment_connect()
def begin_twophase(self, xid=None):
if not hasattr(self._connections, 'trans'):
self._connections.trans = []
self._connections.trans.append(
self.contextual_connect().begin_twophase(xid=xid))
return self
def begin_nested(self):
if not hasattr(self._connections, 'trans'):
self._connections.trans = []
self._connections.trans.append(
self.contextual_connect().begin_nested())
return self
def begin(self):
if not hasattr(self._connections, 'trans'):
self._connections.trans = []
self._connections.trans.append(self.contextual_connect().begin())
return self
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
if type is None:
self.commit()
else:
self.rollback()
def prepare(self):
if not hasattr(self._connections, 'trans') or \
not self._connections.trans:
return
self._connections.trans[-1].prepare()
def commit(self):
if not hasattr(self._connections, 'trans') or \
not self._connections.trans:
return
trans = self._connections.trans.pop(-1)
trans.commit()
def rollback(self):
if not hasattr(self._connections, 'trans') or \
not self._connections.trans:
return
trans = self._connections.trans.pop(-1)
trans.rollback()
def dispose(self):
self._connections = util.threading.local()
super(TLEngine, self).dispose()
@property
def closed(self):
return not hasattr(self._connections, 'conn') or \
self._connections.conn() is None or \
self._connections.conn().closed
def close(self):
if not self.closed:
self.contextual_connect().close()
connection = self._connections.conn()
connection._force_close()
del self._connections.conn
self._connections.trans = []
def __repr__(self):
return 'TLEngine(%r)' % self.url

261
sqlalchemy/engine/url.py
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@ -1,261 +0,0 @@
# engine/url.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""Provides the :class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.url.URL` class which encapsulates
information about a database connection specification.
The URL object is created automatically when
:func:`~sqlalchemy.engine.create_engine` is called with a string
argument; alternatively, the URL is a public-facing construct which can
be used directly and is also accepted directly by ``create_engine()``.
"""
import re
from .. import exc, util
from . import Dialect
from ..dialects import registry, plugins
class URL(object):
"""
Represent the components of a URL used to connect to a database.
This object is suitable to be passed directly to a
:func:`~sqlalchemy.create_engine` call. The fields of the URL are parsed
from a string by the :func:`.make_url` function. the string
format of the URL is an RFC-1738-style string.
All initialization parameters are available as public attributes.
:param drivername: the name of the database backend.
This name will correspond to a module in sqlalchemy/databases
or a third party plug-in.
:param username: The user name.
:param password: database password.
:param host: The name of the host.
:param port: The port number.
:param database: The database name.
:param query: A dictionary of options to be passed to the
dialect and/or the DBAPI upon connect.
"""
def __init__(self, drivername, username=None, password=None,
host=None, port=None, database=None, query=None):
self.drivername = drivername
self.username = username
self.password = password
self.host = host
if port is not None:
self.port = int(port)
else:
self.port = None
self.database = database
self.query = query or {}
def __to_string__(self, hide_password=True):
s = self.drivername + "://"
if self.username is not None:
s += _rfc_1738_quote(self.username)
if self.password is not None:
s += ':' + ('***' if hide_password
else _rfc_1738_quote(self.password))
s += "@"
if self.host is not None:
if ':' in self.host:
s += "[%s]" % self.host
else:
s += self.host
if self.port is not None:
s += ':' + str(self.port)
if self.database is not None:
s += '/' + self.database
if self.query:
keys = list(self.query)
keys.sort()
s += '?' + "&".join("%s=%s" % (k, self.query[k]) for k in keys)
return s
def __str__(self):
return self.__to_string__(hide_password=False)
def __repr__(self):
return self.__to_string__()
def __hash__(self):
return hash(str(self))
def __eq__(self, other):
return \
isinstance(other, URL) and \
self.drivername == other.drivername and \
self.username == other.username and \
self.password == other.password and \
self.host == other.host and \
self.database == other.database and \
self.query == other.query
def get_backend_name(self):
if '+' not in self.drivername:
return self.drivername
else:
return self.drivername.split('+')[0]
def get_driver_name(self):
if '+' not in self.drivername:
return self.get_dialect().driver
else:
return self.drivername.split('+')[1]
def _instantiate_plugins(self, kwargs):
plugin_names = util.to_list(self.query.get('plugin', ()))
return [
plugins.load(plugin_name)(self, kwargs)
for plugin_name in plugin_names
]
def _get_entrypoint(self):
"""Return the "entry point" dialect class.
This is normally the dialect itself except in the case when the
returned class implements the get_dialect_cls() method.
"""
if '+' not in self.drivername:
name = self.drivername
else:
name = self.drivername.replace('+', '.')
cls = registry.load(name)
# check for legacy dialects that
# would return a module with 'dialect' as the
# actual class
if hasattr(cls, 'dialect') and \
isinstance(cls.dialect, type) and \
issubclass(cls.dialect, Dialect):
return cls.dialect
else:
return cls
def get_dialect(self):
"""Return the SQLAlchemy database dialect class corresponding
to this URL's driver name.
"""
entrypoint = self._get_entrypoint()
dialect_cls = entrypoint.get_dialect_cls(self)
return dialect_cls
def translate_connect_args(self, names=[], **kw):
r"""Translate url attributes into a dictionary of connection arguments.
Returns attributes of this url (`host`, `database`, `username`,
`password`, `port`) as a plain dictionary. The attribute names are
used as the keys by default. Unset or false attributes are omitted
from the final dictionary.
:param \**kw: Optional, alternate key names for url attributes.
:param names: Deprecated. Same purpose as the keyword-based alternate
names, but correlates the name to the original positionally.
"""
translated = {}
attribute_names = ['host', 'database', 'username', 'password', 'port']
for sname in attribute_names:
if names:
name = names.pop(0)
elif sname in kw:
name = kw[sname]
else:
name = sname
if name is not None and getattr(self, sname, False):
translated[name] = getattr(self, sname)
return translated
def make_url(name_or_url):
"""Given a string or unicode instance, produce a new URL instance.
The given string is parsed according to the RFC 1738 spec. If an
existing URL object is passed, just returns the object.
"""
if isinstance(name_or_url, util.string_types):
return _parse_rfc1738_args(name_or_url)
else:
return name_or_url
def _parse_rfc1738_args(name):
pattern = re.compile(r'''
(?P<name>[\w\+]+)://
(?:
(?P<username>[^:/]*)
(?::(?P<password>.*))?
@)?
(?:
(?:
\[(?P<ipv6host>[^/]+)\] |
(?P<ipv4host>[^/:]+)
)?
(?::(?P<port>[^/]*))?
)?
(?:/(?P<database>.*))?
''', re.X)
m = pattern.match(name)
if m is not None:
components = m.groupdict()
if components['database'] is not None:
tokens = components['database'].split('?', 2)
components['database'] = tokens[0]
query = (
len(tokens) > 1 and dict(util.parse_qsl(tokens[1]))) or None
if util.py2k and query is not None:
query = dict((k.encode('ascii'), query[k]) for k in query)
else:
query = None
components['query'] = query
if components['username'] is not None:
components['username'] = _rfc_1738_unquote(components['username'])
if components['password'] is not None:
components['password'] = _rfc_1738_unquote(components['password'])
ipv4host = components.pop('ipv4host')
ipv6host = components.pop('ipv6host')
components['host'] = ipv4host or ipv6host
name = components.pop('name')
return URL(name, **components)
else:
raise exc.ArgumentError(
"Could not parse rfc1738 URL from string '%s'" % name)
def _rfc_1738_quote(text):
return re.sub(r'[:@/]', lambda m: "%%%X" % ord(m.group(0)), text)
def _rfc_1738_unquote(text):
return util.unquote(text)
def _parse_keyvalue_args(name):
m = re.match(r'(\w+)://(.*)', name)
if m is not None:
(name, args) = m.group(1, 2)
opts = dict(util.parse_qsl(args))
return URL(name, *opts)
else:
return None

74
sqlalchemy/engine/util.py
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@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
# engine/util.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from .. import util
def connection_memoize(key):
"""Decorator, memoize a function in a connection.info stash.
Only applicable to functions which take no arguments other than a
connection. The memo will be stored in ``connection.info[key]``.
"""
@util.decorator
def decorated(fn, self, connection):
connection = connection.connect()
try:
return connection.info[key]
except KeyError:
connection.info[key] = val = fn(self, connection)
return val
return decorated
def py_fallback():
def _distill_params(multiparams, params):
"""Given arguments from the calling form *multiparams, **params,
return a list of bind parameter structures, usually a list of
dictionaries.
In the case of 'raw' execution which accepts positional parameters,
it may be a list of tuples or lists.
"""
if not multiparams:
if params:
return [params]
else:
return []
elif len(multiparams) == 1:
zero = multiparams[0]
if isinstance(zero, (list, tuple)):
if not zero or hasattr(zero[0], '__iter__') and \
not hasattr(zero[0], 'strip'):
# execute(stmt, [{}, {}, {}, ...])
# execute(stmt, [(), (), (), ...])
return zero
else:
# execute(stmt, ("value", "value"))
return [zero]
elif hasattr(zero, 'keys'):
# execute(stmt, {"key":"value"})
return [zero]
else:
# execute(stmt, "value")
return [[zero]]
else:
if hasattr(multiparams[0], '__iter__') and \
not hasattr(multiparams[0], 'strip'):
return multiparams
else:
return [multiparams]
return locals()
try:
from sqlalchemy.cutils import _distill_params
except ImportError:
globals().update(py_fallback())

11
sqlalchemy/event/__init__.py
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@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
# event/__init__.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from .api import CANCEL, NO_RETVAL, listen, listens_for, remove, contains
from .base import Events, dispatcher
from .attr import RefCollection
from .legacy import _legacy_signature

188
sqlalchemy/event/api.py
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@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
# event/api.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""Public API functions for the event system.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
from .. import util, exc
from .base import _registrars
from .registry import _EventKey
CANCEL = util.symbol('CANCEL')
NO_RETVAL = util.symbol('NO_RETVAL')
def _event_key(target, identifier, fn):
for evt_cls in _registrars[identifier]:
tgt = evt_cls._accept_with(target)
if tgt is not None:
return _EventKey(target, identifier, fn, tgt)
else:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError("No such event '%s' for target '%s'" %
(identifier, target))
def listen(target, identifier, fn, *args, **kw):
"""Register a listener function for the given target.
e.g.::
from sqlalchemy import event
from sqlalchemy.schema import UniqueConstraint
def unique_constraint_name(const, table):
const.name = "uq_%s_%s" % (
table.name,
list(const.columns)[0].name
)
event.listen(
UniqueConstraint,
"after_parent_attach",
unique_constraint_name)
A given function can also be invoked for only the first invocation
of the event using the ``once`` argument::
def on_config():
do_config()
event.listen(Mapper, "before_configure", on_config, once=True)
.. versionadded:: 0.9.4 Added ``once=True`` to :func:`.event.listen`
and :func:`.event.listens_for`.
.. note::
The :func:`.listen` function cannot be called at the same time
that the target event is being run. This has implications
for thread safety, and also means an event cannot be added
from inside the listener function for itself. The list of
events to be run are present inside of a mutable collection
that can't be changed during iteration.
Event registration and removal is not intended to be a "high
velocity" operation; it is a configurational operation. For
systems that need to quickly associate and deassociate with
events at high scale, use a mutable structure that is handled
from inside of a single listener.
.. versionchanged:: 1.0.0 - a ``collections.deque()`` object is now
used as the container for the list of events, which explicitly
disallows collection mutation while the collection is being
iterated.
.. seealso::
:func:`.listens_for`
:func:`.remove`
"""
_event_key(target, identifier, fn).listen(*args, **kw)
def listens_for(target, identifier, *args, **kw):
"""Decorate a function as a listener for the given target + identifier.
e.g.::
from sqlalchemy import event
from sqlalchemy.schema import UniqueConstraint
@event.listens_for(UniqueConstraint, "after_parent_attach")
def unique_constraint_name(const, table):
const.name = "uq_%s_%s" % (
table.name,
list(const.columns)[0].name
)
A given function can also be invoked for only the first invocation
of the event using the ``once`` argument::
@event.listens_for(Mapper, "before_configure", once=True)
def on_config():
do_config()
.. versionadded:: 0.9.4 Added ``once=True`` to :func:`.event.listen`
and :func:`.event.listens_for`.
.. seealso::
:func:`.listen` - general description of event listening
"""
def decorate(fn):
listen(target, identifier, fn, *args, **kw)
return fn
return decorate
def remove(target, identifier, fn):
"""Remove an event listener.
The arguments here should match exactly those which were sent to
:func:`.listen`; all the event registration which proceeded as a result
of this call will be reverted by calling :func:`.remove` with the same
arguments.
e.g.::
# if a function was registered like this...
@event.listens_for(SomeMappedClass, "before_insert", propagate=True)
def my_listener_function(*arg):
pass
# ... it's removed like this
event.remove(SomeMappedClass, "before_insert", my_listener_function)
Above, the listener function associated with ``SomeMappedClass`` was also
propagated to subclasses of ``SomeMappedClass``; the :func:`.remove`
function will revert all of these operations.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.0
.. note::
The :func:`.remove` function cannot be called at the same time
that the target event is being run. This has implications
for thread safety, and also means an event cannot be removed
from inside the listener function for itself. The list of
events to be run are present inside of a mutable collection
that can't be changed during iteration.
Event registration and removal is not intended to be a "high
velocity" operation; it is a configurational operation. For
systems that need to quickly associate and deassociate with
events at high scale, use a mutable structure that is handled
from inside of a single listener.
.. versionchanged:: 1.0.0 - a ``collections.deque()`` object is now
used as the container for the list of events, which explicitly
disallows collection mutation while the collection is being
iterated.
.. seealso::
:func:`.listen`
"""
_event_key(target, identifier, fn).remove()
def contains(target, identifier, fn):
"""Return True if the given target/ident/fn is set up to listen.
.. versionadded:: 0.9.0
"""
return _event_key(target, identifier, fn).contains()

373
sqlalchemy/event/attr.py
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@ -1,373 +0,0 @@
# event/attr.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""Attribute implementation for _Dispatch classes.
The various listener targets for a particular event class are represented
as attributes, which refer to collections of listeners to be fired off.
These collections can exist at the class level as well as at the instance
level. An event is fired off using code like this::
some_object.dispatch.first_connect(arg1, arg2)
Above, ``some_object.dispatch`` would be an instance of ``_Dispatch`` and
``first_connect`` is typically an instance of ``_ListenerCollection``
if event listeners are present, or ``_EmptyListener`` if none are present.
The attribute mechanics here spend effort trying to ensure listener functions
are available with a minimum of function call overhead, that unnecessary
objects aren't created (i.e. many empty per-instance listener collections),
as well as that everything is garbage collectable when owning references are
lost. Other features such as "propagation" of listener functions across
many ``_Dispatch`` instances, "joining" of multiple ``_Dispatch`` instances,
as well as support for subclass propagation (e.g. events assigned to
``Pool`` vs. ``QueuePool``) are all implemented here.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import, with_statement
from .. import util
from ..util import threading
from . import registry
from . import legacy
from itertools import chain
import weakref
import collections
class RefCollection(util.MemoizedSlots):
__slots__ = 'ref',
def _memoized_attr_ref(self):
return weakref.ref(self, registry._collection_gced)
class _ClsLevelDispatch(RefCollection):
"""Class-level events on :class:`._Dispatch` classes."""
__slots__ = ('name', 'arg_names', 'has_kw',
'legacy_signatures', '_clslevel', '__weakref__')
def __init__(self, parent_dispatch_cls, fn):
self.name = fn.__name__
argspec = util.inspect_getargspec(fn)
self.arg_names = argspec.args[1:]
self.has_kw = bool(argspec.keywords)
self.legacy_signatures = list(reversed(
sorted(
getattr(fn, '_legacy_signatures', []),
key=lambda s: s[0]
)
))
fn.__doc__ = legacy._augment_fn_docs(self, parent_dispatch_cls, fn)
self._clslevel = weakref.WeakKeyDictionary()
def _adjust_fn_spec(self, fn, named):
if named:
fn = self._wrap_fn_for_kw(fn)
if self.legacy_signatures:
try:
argspec = util.get_callable_argspec(fn, no_self=True)
except TypeError:
pass
else:
fn = legacy._wrap_fn_for_legacy(self, fn, argspec)
return fn
def _wrap_fn_for_kw(self, fn):
def wrap_kw(*args, **kw):
argdict = dict(zip(self.arg_names, args))
argdict.update(kw)
return fn(**argdict)
return wrap_kw
def insert(self, event_key, propagate):
target = event_key.dispatch_target
assert isinstance(target, type), \
"Class-level Event targets must be classes."
stack = [target]
while stack:
cls = stack.pop(0)
stack.extend(cls.__subclasses__())
if cls is not target and cls not in self._clslevel:
self.update_subclass(cls)
else:
if cls not in self._clslevel:
self._clslevel[cls] = collections.deque()
self._clslevel[cls].appendleft(event_key._listen_fn)
registry._stored_in_collection(event_key, self)
def append(self, event_key, propagate):
target = event_key.dispatch_target
assert isinstance(target, type), \
"Class-level Event targets must be classes."
stack = [target]
while stack:
cls = stack.pop(0)
stack.extend(cls.__subclasses__())
if cls is not target and cls not in self._clslevel:
self.update_subclass(cls)
else:
if cls not in self._clslevel:
self._clslevel[cls] = collections.deque()
self._clslevel[cls].append(event_key._listen_fn)
registry._stored_in_collection(event_key, self)
def update_subclass(self, target):
if target not in self._clslevel:
self._clslevel[target] = collections.deque()
clslevel = self._clslevel[target]
for cls in target.__mro__[1:]:
if cls in self._clslevel:
clslevel.extend([
fn for fn
in self._clslevel[cls]
if fn not in clslevel
])
def remove(self, event_key):
target = event_key.dispatch_target
stack = [target]
while stack:
cls = stack.pop(0)
stack.extend(cls.__subclasses__())
if cls in self._clslevel:
self._clslevel[cls].remove(event_key._listen_fn)
registry._removed_from_collection(event_key, self)
def clear(self):
"""Clear all class level listeners"""
to_clear = set()
for dispatcher in self._clslevel.values():
to_clear.update(dispatcher)
dispatcher.clear()
registry._clear(self, to_clear)
def for_modify(self, obj):
"""Return an event collection which can be modified.
For _ClsLevelDispatch at the class level of
a dispatcher, this returns self.
"""
return self
class _InstanceLevelDispatch(RefCollection):
__slots__ = ()
def _adjust_fn_spec(self, fn, named):
return self.parent._adjust_fn_spec(fn, named)
class _EmptyListener(_InstanceLevelDispatch):
"""Serves as a proxy interface to the events
served by a _ClsLevelDispatch, when there are no
instance-level events present.
Is replaced by _ListenerCollection when instance-level
events are added.
"""
propagate = frozenset()
listeners = ()
__slots__ = 'parent', 'parent_listeners', 'name'
def __init__(self, parent, target_cls):
if target_cls not in parent._clslevel:
parent.update_subclass(target_cls)
self.parent = parent # _ClsLevelDispatch
self.parent_listeners = parent._clslevel[target_cls]
self.name = parent.name
def for_modify(self, obj):
"""Return an event collection which can be modified.
For _EmptyListener at the instance level of
a dispatcher, this generates a new
_ListenerCollection, applies it to the instance,
and returns it.
"""
result = _ListenerCollection(self.parent, obj._instance_cls)
if getattr(obj, self.name) is self:
setattr(obj, self.name, result)
else:
assert isinstance(getattr(obj, self.name), _JoinedListener)
return result
def _needs_modify(self, *args, **kw):
raise NotImplementedError("need to call for_modify()")
exec_once = insert = append = remove = clear = _needs_modify
def __call__(self, *args, **kw):
"""Execute this event."""
for fn in self.parent_listeners:
fn(*args, **kw)
def __len__(self):
return len(self.parent_listeners)
def __iter__(self):
return iter(self.parent_listeners)
def __bool__(self):
return bool(self.parent_listeners)
__nonzero__ = __bool__
class _CompoundListener(_InstanceLevelDispatch):
__slots__ = '_exec_once_mutex', '_exec_once'
def _memoized_attr__exec_once_mutex(self):
return threading.Lock()
def exec_once(self, *args, **kw):
"""Execute this event, but only if it has not been
executed already for this collection."""
if not self._exec_once:
with self._exec_once_mutex:
if not self._exec_once:
try:
self(*args, **kw)
finally:
self._exec_once = True
def __call__(self, *args, **kw):
"""Execute this event."""
for fn in self.parent_listeners:
fn(*args, **kw)
for fn in self.listeners:
fn(*args, **kw)
def __len__(self):
return len(self.parent_listeners) + len(self.listeners)
def __iter__(self):
return chain(self.parent_listeners, self.listeners)
def __bool__(self):
return bool(self.listeners or self.parent_listeners)
__nonzero__ = __bool__
class _ListenerCollection(_CompoundListener):
"""Instance-level attributes on instances of :class:`._Dispatch`.
Represents a collection of listeners.
As of 0.7.9, _ListenerCollection is only first
created via the _EmptyListener.for_modify() method.
"""
__slots__ = (
'parent_listeners', 'parent', 'name', 'listeners',
'propagate', '__weakref__')
def __init__(self, parent, target_cls):
if target_cls not in parent._clslevel:
parent.update_subclass(target_cls)
self._exec_once = False
self.parent_listeners = parent._clslevel[target_cls]
self.parent = parent
self.name = parent.name
self.listeners = collections.deque()
self.propagate = set()
def for_modify(self, obj):
"""Return an event collection which can be modified.
For _ListenerCollection at the instance level of
a dispatcher, this returns self.
"""
return self
def _update(self, other, only_propagate=True):
"""Populate from the listeners in another :class:`_Dispatch`
object."""
existing_listeners = self.listeners
existing_listener_set = set(existing_listeners)
self.propagate.update(other.propagate)
other_listeners = [l for l
in other.listeners
if l not in existing_listener_set
and not only_propagate or l in self.propagate
]
existing_listeners.extend(other_listeners)
to_associate = other.propagate.union(other_listeners)
registry._stored_in_collection_multi(self, other, to_associate)
def insert(self, event_key, propagate):
if event_key.prepend_to_list(self, self.listeners):
if propagate:
self.propagate.add(event_key._listen_fn)
def append(self, event_key, propagate):
if event_key.append_to_list(self, self.listeners):
if propagate:
self.propagate.add(event_key._listen_fn)
def remove(self, event_key):
self.listeners.remove(event_key._listen_fn)
self.propagate.discard(event_key._listen_fn)
registry._removed_from_collection(event_key, self)
def clear(self):
registry._clear(self, self.listeners)
self.propagate.clear()
self.listeners.clear()
class _JoinedListener(_CompoundListener):
__slots__ = 'parent', 'name', 'local', 'parent_listeners'
def __init__(self, parent, name, local):
self._exec_once = False
self.parent = parent
self.name = name
self.local = local
self.parent_listeners = self.local
@property
def listeners(self):
return getattr(self.parent, self.name)
def _adjust_fn_spec(self, fn, named):
return self.local._adjust_fn_spec(fn, named)
def for_modify(self, obj):
self.local = self.parent_listeners = self.local.for_modify(obj)
return self
def insert(self, event_key, propagate):
self.local.insert(event_key, propagate)
def append(self, event_key, propagate):
self.local.append(event_key, propagate)
def remove(self, event_key):
self.local.remove(event_key)
def clear(self):
raise NotImplementedError()

289
sqlalchemy/event/base.py
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@ -1,289 +0,0 @@
# event/base.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""Base implementation classes.
The public-facing ``Events`` serves as the base class for an event interface;
its public attributes represent different kinds of events. These attributes
are mirrored onto a ``_Dispatch`` class, which serves as a container for
collections of listener functions. These collections are represented both
at the class level of a particular ``_Dispatch`` class as well as within
instances of ``_Dispatch``.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
import weakref
from .. import util
from .attr import _JoinedListener, \
_EmptyListener, _ClsLevelDispatch
_registrars = util.defaultdict(list)
def _is_event_name(name):
return not name.startswith('_') and name != 'dispatch'
class _UnpickleDispatch(object):
"""Serializable callable that re-generates an instance of
:class:`_Dispatch` given a particular :class:`.Events` subclass.
"""
def __call__(self, _instance_cls):
for cls in _instance_cls.__mro__:
if 'dispatch' in cls.__dict__:
return cls.__dict__['dispatch'].\
dispatch_cls._for_class(_instance_cls)
else:
raise AttributeError("No class with a 'dispatch' member present.")
class _Dispatch(object):
"""Mirror the event listening definitions of an Events class with
listener collections.
Classes which define a "dispatch" member will return a
non-instantiated :class:`._Dispatch` subclass when the member
is accessed at the class level. When the "dispatch" member is
accessed at the instance level of its owner, an instance
of the :class:`._Dispatch` class is returned.
A :class:`._Dispatch` class is generated for each :class:`.Events`
class defined, by the :func:`._create_dispatcher_class` function.
The original :class:`.Events` classes remain untouched.
This decouples the construction of :class:`.Events` subclasses from
the implementation used by the event internals, and allows
inspecting tools like Sphinx to work in an unsurprising
way against the public API.
"""
# in one ORM edge case, an attribute is added to _Dispatch,
# so __dict__ is used in just that case and potentially others.
__slots__ = '_parent', '_instance_cls', '__dict__', '_empty_listeners'
_empty_listener_reg = weakref.WeakKeyDictionary()
def __init__(self, parent, instance_cls=None):
self._parent = parent
self._instance_cls = instance_cls
if instance_cls:
try:
self._empty_listeners = self._empty_listener_reg[instance_cls]
except KeyError:
self._empty_listeners = \
self._empty_listener_reg[instance_cls] = dict(
(ls.name, _EmptyListener(ls, instance_cls))
for ls in parent._event_descriptors
)
else:
self._empty_listeners = {}
def __getattr__(self, name):
# assign EmptyListeners as attributes on demand
# to reduce startup time for new dispatch objects
try:
ls = self._empty_listeners[name]
except KeyError:
raise AttributeError(name)
else:
setattr(self, ls.name, ls)
return ls
@property
def _event_descriptors(self):
for k in self._event_names:
yield getattr(self, k)
def _for_class(self, instance_cls):
return self.__class__(self, instance_cls)
def _for_instance(self, instance):
instance_cls = instance.__class__
return self._for_class(instance_cls)
@property
def _listen(self):
return self._events._listen
def _join(self, other):
"""Create a 'join' of this :class:`._Dispatch` and another.
This new dispatcher will dispatch events to both
:class:`._Dispatch` objects.
"""
if '_joined_dispatch_cls' not in self.__class__.__dict__:
cls = type(
"Joined%s" % self.__class__.__name__,
(_JoinedDispatcher, ), {'__slots__': self._event_names}
)
self.__class__._joined_dispatch_cls = cls
return self._joined_dispatch_cls(self, other)
def __reduce__(self):
return _UnpickleDispatch(), (self._instance_cls, )
def _update(self, other, only_propagate=True):
"""Populate from the listeners in another :class:`_Dispatch`
object."""
for ls in other._event_descriptors:
if isinstance(ls, _EmptyListener):
continue
getattr(self, ls.name).\
for_modify(self)._update(ls, only_propagate=only_propagate)
def _clear(self):
for ls in self._event_descriptors:
ls.for_modify(self).clear()
class _EventMeta(type):
"""Intercept new Event subclasses and create
associated _Dispatch classes."""
def __init__(cls, classname, bases, dict_):
_create_dispatcher_class(cls, classname, bases, dict_)
return type.__init__(cls, classname, bases, dict_)
def _create_dispatcher_class(cls, classname, bases, dict_):
"""Create a :class:`._Dispatch` class corresponding to an
:class:`.Events` class."""
# there's all kinds of ways to do this,
# i.e. make a Dispatch class that shares the '_listen' method
# of the Event class, this is the straight monkeypatch.
if hasattr(cls, 'dispatch'):
dispatch_base = cls.dispatch.__class__
else:
dispatch_base = _Dispatch
event_names = [k for k in dict_ if _is_event_name(k)]
dispatch_cls = type("%sDispatch" % classname,
(dispatch_base, ), {'__slots__': event_names})
dispatch_cls._event_names = event_names
dispatch_inst = cls._set_dispatch(cls, dispatch_cls)
for k in dispatch_cls._event_names:
setattr(dispatch_inst, k, _ClsLevelDispatch(cls, dict_[k]))
_registrars[k].append(cls)
for super_ in dispatch_cls.__bases__:
if issubclass(super_, _Dispatch) and super_ is not _Dispatch:
for ls in super_._events.dispatch._event_descriptors:
setattr(dispatch_inst, ls.name, ls)
dispatch_cls._event_names.append(ls.name)
if getattr(cls, '_dispatch_target', None):
cls._dispatch_target.dispatch = dispatcher(cls)
def _remove_dispatcher(cls):
for k in cls.dispatch._event_names:
_registrars[k].remove(cls)
if not _registrars[k]:
del _registrars[k]
class Events(util.with_metaclass(_EventMeta, object)):
"""Define event listening functions for a particular target type."""
@staticmethod
def _set_dispatch(cls, dispatch_cls):
# this allows an Events subclass to define additional utility
# methods made available to the target via
# "self.dispatch._events.<utilitymethod>"
# @staticemethod to allow easy "super" calls while in a metaclass
# constructor.
cls.dispatch = dispatch_cls(None)
dispatch_cls._events = cls
return cls.dispatch
@classmethod
def _accept_with(cls, target):
# Mapper, ClassManager, Session override this to
# also accept classes, scoped_sessions, sessionmakers, etc.
if hasattr(target, 'dispatch') and (
isinstance(target.dispatch, cls.dispatch.__class__) or
(
isinstance(target.dispatch, type) and
isinstance(target.dispatch, cls.dispatch.__class__)
) or
(
isinstance(target.dispatch, _JoinedDispatcher) and
isinstance(target.dispatch.parent, cls.dispatch.__class__)
)
):
return target
else:
return None
@classmethod
def _listen(cls, event_key, propagate=False, insert=False, named=False):
event_key.base_listen(propagate=propagate, insert=insert, named=named)
@classmethod
def _remove(cls, event_key):
event_key.remove()
@classmethod
def _clear(cls):
cls.dispatch._clear()
class _JoinedDispatcher(object):
"""Represent a connection between two _Dispatch objects."""
__slots__ = 'local', 'parent', '_instance_cls'
def __init__(self, local, parent):
self.local = local
self.parent = parent
self._instance_cls = self.local._instance_cls
def __getattr__(self, name):
# assign _JoinedListeners as attributes on demand
# to reduce startup time for new dispatch objects
ls = getattr(self.local, name)
jl = _JoinedListener(self.parent, ls.name, ls)
setattr(self, ls.name, jl)
return jl
@property
def _listen(self):
return self.parent._listen
class dispatcher(object):
"""Descriptor used by target classes to
deliver the _Dispatch class at the class level
and produce new _Dispatch instances for target
instances.
"""
def __init__(self, events):
self.dispatch_cls = events.dispatch
self.events = events
def __get__(self, obj, cls):
if obj is None:
return self.dispatch_cls
obj.__dict__['dispatch'] = disp = self.dispatch_cls._for_instance(obj)
return disp

169
sqlalchemy/event/legacy.py
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@ -1,169 +0,0 @@
# event/legacy.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""Routines to handle adaption of legacy call signatures,
generation of deprecation notes and docstrings.
"""
from .. import util
def _legacy_signature(since, argnames, converter=None):
def leg(fn):
if not hasattr(fn, '_legacy_signatures'):
fn._legacy_signatures = []
fn._legacy_signatures.append((since, argnames, converter))
return fn
return leg
def _wrap_fn_for_legacy(dispatch_collection, fn, argspec):
for since, argnames, conv in dispatch_collection.legacy_signatures:
if argnames[-1] == "**kw":
has_kw = True
argnames = argnames[0:-1]
else:
has_kw = False
if len(argnames) == len(argspec.args) \
and has_kw is bool(argspec.keywords):
if conv:
assert not has_kw
def wrap_leg(*args):
return fn(*conv(*args))
else:
def wrap_leg(*args, **kw):
argdict = dict(zip(dispatch_collection.arg_names, args))
args = [argdict[name] for name in argnames]
if has_kw:
return fn(*args, **kw)
else:
return fn(*args)
return wrap_leg
else:
return fn
def _indent(text, indent):
return "\n".join(
indent + line
for line in text.split("\n")
)
def _standard_listen_example(dispatch_collection, sample_target, fn):
example_kw_arg = _indent(
"\n".join(
"%(arg)s = kw['%(arg)s']" % {"arg": arg}
for arg in dispatch_collection.arg_names[0:2]
),
" ")
if dispatch_collection.legacy_signatures:
current_since = max(since for since, args, conv
in dispatch_collection.legacy_signatures)
else:
current_since = None
text = (
"from sqlalchemy import event\n\n"
"# standard decorator style%(current_since)s\n"
"@event.listens_for(%(sample_target)s, '%(event_name)s')\n"
"def receive_%(event_name)s("
"%(named_event_arguments)s%(has_kw_arguments)s):\n"
" \"listen for the '%(event_name)s' event\"\n"
"\n # ... (event handling logic) ...\n"
)
if len(dispatch_collection.arg_names) > 3:
text += (
"\n# named argument style (new in 0.9)\n"
"@event.listens_for("
"%(sample_target)s, '%(event_name)s', named=True)\n"
"def receive_%(event_name)s(**kw):\n"
" \"listen for the '%(event_name)s' event\"\n"
"%(example_kw_arg)s\n"
"\n # ... (event handling logic) ...\n"
)
text %= {
"current_since": " (arguments as of %s)" %
current_since if current_since else "",
"event_name": fn.__name__,
"has_kw_arguments": ", **kw" if dispatch_collection.has_kw else "",
"named_event_arguments": ", ".join(dispatch_collection.arg_names),
"example_kw_arg": example_kw_arg,
"sample_target": sample_target
}
return text
def _legacy_listen_examples(dispatch_collection, sample_target, fn):
text = ""
for since, args, conv in dispatch_collection.legacy_signatures:
text += (
"\n# legacy calling style (pre-%(since)s)\n"
"@event.listens_for(%(sample_target)s, '%(event_name)s')\n"
"def receive_%(event_name)s("
"%(named_event_arguments)s%(has_kw_arguments)s):\n"
" \"listen for the '%(event_name)s' event\"\n"
"\n # ... (event handling logic) ...\n" % {
"since": since,
"event_name": fn.__name__,
"has_kw_arguments": " **kw"
if dispatch_collection.has_kw else "",
"named_event_arguments": ", ".join(args),
"sample_target": sample_target
}
)
return text
def _version_signature_changes(dispatch_collection):
since, args, conv = dispatch_collection.legacy_signatures[0]
return (
"\n.. versionchanged:: %(since)s\n"
" The ``%(event_name)s`` event now accepts the \n"
" arguments ``%(named_event_arguments)s%(has_kw_arguments)s``.\n"
" Listener functions which accept the previous argument \n"
" signature(s) listed above will be automatically \n"
" adapted to the new signature." % {
"since": since,
"event_name": dispatch_collection.name,
"named_event_arguments": ", ".join(dispatch_collection.arg_names),
"has_kw_arguments": ", **kw" if dispatch_collection.has_kw else ""
}
)
def _augment_fn_docs(dispatch_collection, parent_dispatch_cls, fn):
header = ".. container:: event_signatures\n\n"\
" Example argument forms::\n"\
"\n"
sample_target = getattr(parent_dispatch_cls, "_target_class_doc", "obj")
text = (
header +
_indent(
_standard_listen_example(
dispatch_collection, sample_target, fn),
" " * 8)
)
if dispatch_collection.legacy_signatures:
text += _indent(
_legacy_listen_examples(
dispatch_collection, sample_target, fn),
" " * 8)
text += _version_signature_changes(dispatch_collection)
return util.inject_docstring_text(fn.__doc__,
text,
1
)

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sqlalchemy/event/registry.py
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# event/registry.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""Provides managed registration services on behalf of :func:`.listen`
arguments.
By "managed registration", we mean that event listening functions and
other objects can be added to various collections in such a way that their
membership in all those collections can be revoked at once, based on
an equivalent :class:`._EventKey`.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
import weakref
import collections
import types
from .. import exc, util
_key_to_collection = collections.defaultdict(dict)
"""
Given an original listen() argument, can locate all
listener collections and the listener fn contained
(target, identifier, fn) -> {
ref(listenercollection) -> ref(listener_fn)
ref(listenercollection) -> ref(listener_fn)
ref(listenercollection) -> ref(listener_fn)
}
"""
_collection_to_key = collections.defaultdict(dict)
"""
Given a _ListenerCollection or _ClsLevelListener, can locate
all the original listen() arguments and the listener fn contained
ref(listenercollection) -> {
ref(listener_fn) -> (target, identifier, fn),
ref(listener_fn) -> (target, identifier, fn),
ref(listener_fn) -> (target, identifier, fn),
}
"""
def _collection_gced(ref):
# defaultdict, so can't get a KeyError
if not _collection_to_key or ref not in _collection_to_key:
return
listener_to_key = _collection_to_key.pop(ref)
for key in listener_to_key.values():
if key in _key_to_collection:
# defaultdict, so can't get a KeyError
dispatch_reg = _key_to_collection[key]
dispatch_reg.pop(ref)
if not dispatch_reg:
_key_to_collection.pop(key)
def _stored_in_collection(event_key, owner):
key = event_key._key
dispatch_reg = _key_to_collection[key]
owner_ref = owner.ref
listen_ref = weakref.ref(event_key._listen_fn)
if owner_ref in dispatch_reg:
return False
dispatch_reg[owner_ref] = listen_ref
listener_to_key = _collection_to_key[owner_ref]
listener_to_key[listen_ref] = key
return True
def _removed_from_collection(event_key, owner):
key = event_key._key
dispatch_reg = _key_to_collection[key]
listen_ref = weakref.ref(event_key._listen_fn)
owner_ref = owner.ref
dispatch_reg.pop(owner_ref, None)
if not dispatch_reg:
del _key_to_collection[key]
if owner_ref in _collection_to_key:
listener_to_key = _collection_to_key[owner_ref]
listener_to_key.pop(listen_ref)
def _stored_in_collection_multi(newowner, oldowner, elements):
if not elements:
return
oldowner = oldowner.ref
newowner = newowner.ref
old_listener_to_key = _collection_to_key[oldowner]
new_listener_to_key = _collection_to_key[newowner]
for listen_fn in elements:
listen_ref = weakref.ref(listen_fn)
key = old_listener_to_key[listen_ref]
dispatch_reg = _key_to_collection[key]
if newowner in dispatch_reg:
assert dispatch_reg[newowner] == listen_ref
else:
dispatch_reg[newowner] = listen_ref
new_listener_to_key[listen_ref] = key
def _clear(owner, elements):
if not elements:
return
owner = owner.ref
listener_to_key = _collection_to_key[owner]
for listen_fn in elements:
listen_ref = weakref.ref(listen_fn)
key = listener_to_key[listen_ref]
dispatch_reg = _key_to_collection[key]
dispatch_reg.pop(owner, None)
if not dispatch_reg:
del _key_to_collection[key]
class _EventKey(object):
"""Represent :func:`.listen` arguments.
"""
__slots__ = (
'target', 'identifier', 'fn', 'fn_key', 'fn_wrap', 'dispatch_target'
)
def __init__(self, target, identifier,
fn, dispatch_target, _fn_wrap=None):
self.target = target
self.identifier = identifier
self.fn = fn
if isinstance(fn, types.MethodType):
self.fn_key = id(fn.__func__), id(fn.__self__)
else:
self.fn_key = id(fn)
self.fn_wrap = _fn_wrap
self.dispatch_target = dispatch_target
@property
def _key(self):
return (id(self.target), self.identifier, self.fn_key)
def with_wrapper(self, fn_wrap):
if fn_wrap is self._listen_fn:
return self
else:
return _EventKey(
self.target,
self.identifier,
self.fn,
self.dispatch_target,
_fn_wrap=fn_wrap
)
def with_dispatch_target(self, dispatch_target):
if dispatch_target is self.dispatch_target:
return self
else:
return _EventKey(
self.target,
self.identifier,
self.fn,
dispatch_target,
_fn_wrap=self.fn_wrap
)
def listen(self, *args, **kw):
once = kw.pop("once", False)
named = kw.pop("named", False)
target, identifier, fn = \
self.dispatch_target, self.identifier, self._listen_fn
dispatch_collection = getattr(target.dispatch, identifier)
adjusted_fn = dispatch_collection._adjust_fn_spec(fn, named)
self = self.with_wrapper(adjusted_fn)
if once:
self.with_wrapper(
util.only_once(self._listen_fn)).listen(*args, **kw)
else:
self.dispatch_target.dispatch._listen(self, *args, **kw)
def remove(self):
key = self._key
if key not in _key_to_collection:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"No listeners found for event %s / %r / %s " %
(self.target, self.identifier, self.fn)
)
dispatch_reg = _key_to_collection.pop(key)
for collection_ref, listener_ref in dispatch_reg.items():
collection = collection_ref()
listener_fn = listener_ref()
if collection is not None and listener_fn is not None:
collection.remove(self.with_wrapper(listener_fn))
def contains(self):
"""Return True if this event key is registered to listen.
"""
return self._key in _key_to_collection
def base_listen(self, propagate=False, insert=False,
named=False):
target, identifier, fn = \
self.dispatch_target, self.identifier, self._listen_fn
dispatch_collection = getattr(target.dispatch, identifier)
if insert:
dispatch_collection.\
for_modify(target.dispatch).insert(self, propagate)
else:
dispatch_collection.\
for_modify(target.dispatch).append(self, propagate)
@property
def _listen_fn(self):
return self.fn_wrap or self.fn
def append_to_list(self, owner, list_):
if _stored_in_collection(self, owner):
list_.append(self._listen_fn)
return True
else:
return False
def remove_from_list(self, owner, list_):
_removed_from_collection(self, owner)
list_.remove(self._listen_fn)
def prepend_to_list(self, owner, list_):
if _stored_in_collection(self, owner):
list_.appendleft(self._listen_fn)
return True
else:
return False

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sqlalchemy/exc.py
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# sqlalchemy/exc.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""Exceptions used with SQLAlchemy.
The base exception class is :exc:`.SQLAlchemyError`. Exceptions which are
raised as a result of DBAPI exceptions are all subclasses of
:exc:`.DBAPIError`.
"""
class SQLAlchemyError(Exception):
"""Generic error class."""
class ArgumentError(SQLAlchemyError):
"""Raised when an invalid or conflicting function argument is supplied.
This error generally corresponds to construction time state errors.
"""
class ObjectNotExecutableError(ArgumentError):
"""Raised when an object is passed to .execute() that can't be
executed as SQL.
.. versionadded:: 1.1
"""
def __init__(self, target):
super(ObjectNotExecutableError, self).__init__(
"Not an executable object: %r" % target
)
class NoSuchModuleError(ArgumentError):
"""Raised when a dynamically-loaded module (usually a database dialect)
of a particular name cannot be located."""
class NoForeignKeysError(ArgumentError):
"""Raised when no foreign keys can be located between two selectables
during a join."""
class AmbiguousForeignKeysError(ArgumentError):
"""Raised when more than one foreign key matching can be located
between two selectables during a join."""
class CircularDependencyError(SQLAlchemyError):
"""Raised by topological sorts when a circular dependency is detected.
There are two scenarios where this error occurs:
* In a Session flush operation, if two objects are mutually dependent
on each other, they can not be inserted or deleted via INSERT or
DELETE statements alone; an UPDATE will be needed to post-associate
or pre-deassociate one of the foreign key constrained values.
The ``post_update`` flag described at :ref:`post_update` can resolve
this cycle.
* In a :attr:`.MetaData.sorted_tables` operation, two :class:`.ForeignKey`
or :class:`.ForeignKeyConstraint` objects mutually refer to each
other. Apply the ``use_alter=True`` flag to one or both,
see :ref:`use_alter`.
"""
def __init__(self, message, cycles, edges, msg=None):
if msg is None:
message += " (%s)" % ", ".join(repr(s) for s in cycles)
else:
message = msg
SQLAlchemyError.__init__(self, message)
self.cycles = cycles
self.edges = edges
def __reduce__(self):
return self.__class__, (None, self.cycles,
self.edges, self.args[0])
class CompileError(SQLAlchemyError):
"""Raised when an error occurs during SQL compilation"""
class UnsupportedCompilationError(CompileError):
"""Raised when an operation is not supported by the given compiler.
.. versionadded:: 0.8.3
"""
def __init__(self, compiler, element_type):
super(UnsupportedCompilationError, self).__init__(
"Compiler %r can't render element of type %s" %
(compiler, element_type))
class IdentifierError(SQLAlchemyError):
"""Raised when a schema name is beyond the max character limit"""
class DisconnectionError(SQLAlchemyError):
"""A disconnect is detected on a raw DB-API connection.
This error is raised and consumed internally by a connection pool. It can
be raised by the :meth:`.PoolEvents.checkout` event so that the host pool
forces a retry; the exception will be caught three times in a row before
the pool gives up and raises :class:`~sqlalchemy.exc.InvalidRequestError`
regarding the connection attempt.
"""
class TimeoutError(SQLAlchemyError):
"""Raised when a connection pool times out on getting a connection."""
class InvalidRequestError(SQLAlchemyError):
"""SQLAlchemy was asked to do something it can't do.
This error generally corresponds to runtime state errors.
"""
class NoInspectionAvailable(InvalidRequestError):
"""A subject passed to :func:`sqlalchemy.inspection.inspect` produced
no context for inspection."""
class ResourceClosedError(InvalidRequestError):
"""An operation was requested from a connection, cursor, or other
object that's in a closed state."""
class NoSuchColumnError(KeyError, InvalidRequestError):
"""A nonexistent column is requested from a ``RowProxy``."""
class NoReferenceError(InvalidRequestError):
"""Raised by ``ForeignKey`` to indicate a reference cannot be resolved."""
class NoReferencedTableError(NoReferenceError):
"""Raised by ``ForeignKey`` when the referred ``Table`` cannot be
located.
"""
def __init__(self, message, tname):
NoReferenceError.__init__(self, message)
self.table_name = tname
def __reduce__(self):
return self.__class__, (self.args[0], self.table_name)
class NoReferencedColumnError(NoReferenceError):
"""Raised by ``ForeignKey`` when the referred ``Column`` cannot be
located.
"""
def __init__(self, message, tname, cname):
NoReferenceError.__init__(self, message)
self.table_name = tname
self.column_name = cname
def __reduce__(self):
return self.__class__, (self.args[0], self.table_name,
self.column_name)
class NoSuchTableError(InvalidRequestError):
"""Table does not exist or is not visible to a connection."""
class UnboundExecutionError(InvalidRequestError):
"""SQL was attempted without a database connection to execute it on."""
class DontWrapMixin(object):
"""A mixin class which, when applied to a user-defined Exception class,
will not be wrapped inside of :exc:`.StatementError` if the error is
emitted within the process of executing a statement.
E.g.::
from sqlalchemy.exc import DontWrapMixin
class MyCustomException(Exception, DontWrapMixin):
pass
class MySpecialType(TypeDecorator):
impl = String
def process_bind_param(self, value, dialect):
if value == 'invalid':
raise MyCustomException("invalid!")
"""
# Moved to orm.exc; compatibility definition installed by orm import until 0.6
UnmappedColumnError = None
class StatementError(SQLAlchemyError):
"""An error occurred during execution of a SQL statement.
:class:`StatementError` wraps the exception raised
during execution, and features :attr:`.statement`
and :attr:`.params` attributes which supply context regarding
the specifics of the statement which had an issue.
The wrapped exception object is available in
the :attr:`.orig` attribute.
"""
statement = None
"""The string SQL statement being invoked when this exception occurred."""
params = None
"""The parameter list being used when this exception occurred."""
orig = None
"""The DBAPI exception object."""
def __init__(self, message, statement, params, orig):
SQLAlchemyError.__init__(self, message)
self.statement = statement
self.params = params
self.orig = orig
self.detail = []
def add_detail(self, msg):
self.detail.append(msg)
def __reduce__(self):
return self.__class__, (self.args[0], self.statement,
self.params, self.orig)
def __str__(self):
from sqlalchemy.sql import util
details = [SQLAlchemyError.__str__(self)]
if self.statement:
details.append("[SQL: %r]" % self.statement)
if self.params:
params_repr = util._repr_params(self.params, 10)
details.append("[parameters: %r]" % params_repr)
return ' '.join([
"(%s)" % det for det in self.detail
] + details)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.__str__()
class DBAPIError(StatementError):
"""Raised when the execution of a database operation fails.
Wraps exceptions raised by the DB-API underlying the
database operation. Driver-specific implementations of the standard
DB-API exception types are wrapped by matching sub-types of SQLAlchemy's
:class:`DBAPIError` when possible. DB-API's ``Error`` type maps to
:class:`DBAPIError` in SQLAlchemy, otherwise the names are identical. Note
that there is no guarantee that different DB-API implementations will
raise the same exception type for any given error condition.
:class:`DBAPIError` features :attr:`~.StatementError.statement`
and :attr:`~.StatementError.params` attributes which supply context
regarding the specifics of the statement which had an issue, for the
typical case when the error was raised within the context of
emitting a SQL statement.
The wrapped exception object is available in the
:attr:`~.StatementError.orig` attribute. Its type and properties are
DB-API implementation specific.
"""
@classmethod
def instance(cls, statement, params,
orig, dbapi_base_err,
connection_invalidated=False,
dialect=None):
# Don't ever wrap these, just return them directly as if
# DBAPIError didn't exist.
if (isinstance(orig, BaseException) and
not isinstance(orig, Exception)) or \
isinstance(orig, DontWrapMixin):
return orig
if orig is not None:
# not a DBAPI error, statement is present.
# raise a StatementError
if not isinstance(orig, dbapi_base_err) and statement:
return StatementError(
"(%s.%s) %s" %
(orig.__class__.__module__, orig.__class__.__name__,
orig),
statement, params, orig
)
glob = globals()
for super_ in orig.__class__.__mro__:
name = super_.__name__
if dialect:
name = dialect.dbapi_exception_translation_map.get(
name, name)
if name in glob and issubclass(glob[name], DBAPIError):
cls = glob[name]
break
return cls(statement, params, orig, connection_invalidated)
def __reduce__(self):
return self.__class__, (self.statement, self.params,
self.orig, self.connection_invalidated)
def __init__(self, statement, params, orig, connection_invalidated=False):
try:
text = str(orig)
except Exception as e:
text = 'Error in str() of DB-API-generated exception: ' + str(e)
StatementError.__init__(
self,
'(%s.%s) %s' % (
orig.__class__.__module__, orig.__class__.__name__, text, ),
statement,
params,
orig
)
self.connection_invalidated = connection_invalidated
class InterfaceError(DBAPIError):
"""Wraps a DB-API InterfaceError."""
class DatabaseError(DBAPIError):
"""Wraps a DB-API DatabaseError."""
class DataError(DatabaseError):
"""Wraps a DB-API DataError."""
class OperationalError(DatabaseError):
"""Wraps a DB-API OperationalError."""
class IntegrityError(DatabaseError):
"""Wraps a DB-API IntegrityError."""
class InternalError(DatabaseError):
"""Wraps a DB-API InternalError."""
class ProgrammingError(DatabaseError):
"""Wraps a DB-API ProgrammingError."""
class NotSupportedError(DatabaseError):
"""Wraps a DB-API NotSupportedError."""
# Warnings
class SADeprecationWarning(DeprecationWarning):
"""Issued once per usage of a deprecated API."""
class SAPendingDeprecationWarning(PendingDeprecationWarning):
"""Issued once per usage of a deprecated API."""
class SAWarning(RuntimeWarning):
"""Issued at runtime."""

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sqlalchemy/ext/__init__.py
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# ext/__init__.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from .. import util as _sa_util
_sa_util.dependencies.resolve_all("sqlalchemy.ext")

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sqlalchemy/ext/baked.py
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# sqlalchemy/ext/baked.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""Baked query extension.
Provides a creational pattern for the :class:`.query.Query` object which
allows the fully constructed object, Core select statement, and string
compiled result to be fully cached.
"""
from ..orm.query import Query
from ..orm import strategies, attributes, properties, \
strategy_options, util as orm_util, interfaces
from .. import log as sqla_log
from ..sql import util as sql_util, func, literal_column
from ..orm import exc as orm_exc
from .. import exc as sa_exc
from .. import util
import copy
import logging
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class BakedQuery(object):
"""A builder object for :class:`.query.Query` objects."""
__slots__ = 'steps', '_bakery', '_cache_key', '_spoiled'
def __init__(self, bakery, initial_fn, args=()):
self._cache_key = ()
self._update_cache_key(initial_fn, args)
self.steps = [initial_fn]
self._spoiled = False
self._bakery = bakery
@classmethod
def bakery(cls, size=200):
"""Construct a new bakery."""
_bakery = util.LRUCache(size)
def call(initial_fn, *args):
return cls(_bakery, initial_fn, args)
return call
def _clone(self):
b1 = BakedQuery.__new__(BakedQuery)
b1._cache_key = self._cache_key
b1.steps = list(self.steps)
b1._bakery = self._bakery
b1._spoiled = self._spoiled
return b1
def _update_cache_key(self, fn, args=()):
self._cache_key += (fn.__code__,) + args
def __iadd__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, tuple):
self.add_criteria(*other)
else:
self.add_criteria(other)
return self
def __add__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, tuple):
return self.with_criteria(*other)
else:
return self.with_criteria(other)
def add_criteria(self, fn, *args):
"""Add a criteria function to this :class:`.BakedQuery`.
This is equivalent to using the ``+=`` operator to
modify a :class:`.BakedQuery` in-place.
"""
self._update_cache_key(fn, args)
self.steps.append(fn)
return self
def with_criteria(self, fn, *args):
"""Add a criteria function to a :class:`.BakedQuery` cloned from this one.
This is equivalent to using the ``+`` operator to
produce a new :class:`.BakedQuery` with modifications.
"""
return self._clone().add_criteria(fn, *args)
def for_session(self, session):
"""Return a :class:`.Result` object for this :class:`.BakedQuery`.
This is equivalent to calling the :class:`.BakedQuery` as a
Python callable, e.g. ``result = my_baked_query(session)``.
"""
return Result(self, session)
def __call__(self, session):
return self.for_session(session)
def spoil(self, full=False):
"""Cancel any query caching that will occur on this BakedQuery object.
The BakedQuery can continue to be used normally, however additional
creational functions will not be cached; they will be called
on every invocation.
This is to support the case where a particular step in constructing
a baked query disqualifies the query from being cacheable, such
as a variant that relies upon some uncacheable value.
:param full: if False, only functions added to this
:class:`.BakedQuery` object subsequent to the spoil step will be
non-cached; the state of the :class:`.BakedQuery` up until
this point will be pulled from the cache. If True, then the
entire :class:`.Query` object is built from scratch each
time, with all creational functions being called on each
invocation.
"""
if not full:
_spoil_point = self._clone()
_spoil_point._cache_key += ('_query_only', )
self.steps = [_spoil_point._retrieve_baked_query]
self._spoiled = True
return self
def _retrieve_baked_query(self, session):
query = self._bakery.get(self._cache_key, None)
if query is None:
query = self._as_query(session)
self._bakery[self._cache_key] = query.with_session(None)
return query.with_session(session)
def _bake(self, session):
query = self._as_query(session)
context = query._compile_context()
self._bake_subquery_loaders(session, context)
context.session = None
context.query = query = context.query.with_session(None)
query._execution_options = query._execution_options.union(
{"compiled_cache": self._bakery}
)
# we'll be holding onto the query for some of its state,
# so delete some compilation-use-only attributes that can take up
# space
for attr in (
'_correlate', '_from_obj', '_mapper_adapter_map',
'_joinpath', '_joinpoint'):
query.__dict__.pop(attr, None)
self._bakery[self._cache_key] = context
return context
def _as_query(self, session):
query = self.steps[0](session)
for step in self.steps[1:]:
query = step(query)
return query
def _bake_subquery_loaders(self, session, context):
"""convert subquery eager loaders in the cache into baked queries.
For subquery eager loading to work, all we need here is that the
Query point to the correct session when it is run. However, since
we are "baking" anyway, we may as well also turn the query into
a "baked" query so that we save on performance too.
"""
context.attributes['baked_queries'] = baked_queries = []
for k, v in list(context.attributes.items()):
if isinstance(v, Query):
if 'subquery' in k:
bk = BakedQuery(self._bakery, lambda *args: v)
bk._cache_key = self._cache_key + k
bk._bake(session)
baked_queries.append((k, bk._cache_key, v))
del context.attributes[k]
def _unbake_subquery_loaders(self, session, context, params):
"""Retrieve subquery eager loaders stored by _bake_subquery_loaders
and turn them back into Result objects that will iterate just
like a Query object.
"""
for k, cache_key, query in context.attributes["baked_queries"]:
bk = BakedQuery(self._bakery,
lambda sess, q=query: q.with_session(sess))
bk._cache_key = cache_key
context.attributes[k] = bk.for_session(session).params(**params)
class Result(object):
"""Invokes a :class:`.BakedQuery` against a :class:`.Session`.
The :class:`.Result` object is where the actual :class:`.query.Query`
object gets created, or retrieved from the cache,
against a target :class:`.Session`, and is then invoked for results.
"""
__slots__ = 'bq', 'session', '_params'
def __init__(self, bq, session):
self.bq = bq
self.session = session
self._params = {}
def params(self, *args, **kw):
"""Specify parameters to be replaced into the string SQL statement."""
if len(args) == 1:
kw.update(args[0])
elif len(args) > 0:
raise sa_exc.ArgumentError(
"params() takes zero or one positional argument, "
"which is a dictionary.")
self._params.update(kw)
return self
def _as_query(self):
return self.bq._as_query(self.session).params(self._params)
def __str__(self):
return str(self._as_query())
def __iter__(self):
bq = self.bq
if bq._spoiled:
return iter(self._as_query())
baked_context = bq._bakery.get(bq._cache_key, None)
if baked_context is None:
baked_context = bq._bake(self.session)
context = copy.copy(baked_context)
context.session = self.session
context.attributes = context.attributes.copy()
bq._unbake_subquery_loaders(self.session, context, self._params)
context.statement.use_labels = True
if context.autoflush and not context.populate_existing:
self.session._autoflush()
return context.query.params(self._params).\
with_session(self.session)._execute_and_instances(context)
def count(self):
"""return the 'count'.
Equivalent to :meth:`.Query.count`.
Note this uses a subquery to ensure an accurate count regardless
of the structure of the original statement.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.6
"""
col = func.count(literal_column('*'))
bq = self.bq.with_criteria(lambda q: q.from_self(col))
return bq.for_session(self.session).params(self._params).scalar()
def scalar(self):
"""Return the first element of the first result or None
if no rows present. If multiple rows are returned,
raises MultipleResultsFound.
Equivalent to :meth:`.Query.scalar`.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.6
"""
try:
ret = self.one()
if not isinstance(ret, tuple):
return ret
return ret[0]
except orm_exc.NoResultFound:
return None
def first(self):
"""Return the first row.
Equivalent to :meth:`.Query.first`.
"""
bq = self.bq.with_criteria(lambda q: q.slice(0, 1))
ret = list(bq.for_session(self.session).params(self._params))
if len(ret) > 0:
return ret[0]
else:
return None
def one(self):
"""Return exactly one result or raise an exception.
Equivalent to :meth:`.Query.one`.
"""
try:
ret = self.one_or_none()
except orm_exc.MultipleResultsFound:
raise orm_exc.MultipleResultsFound(
"Multiple rows were found for one()")
else:
if ret is None:
raise orm_exc.NoResultFound("No row was found for one()")
return ret
def one_or_none(self):
"""Return one or zero results, or raise an exception for multiple
rows.
Equivalent to :meth:`.Query.one_or_none`.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.9
"""
ret = list(self)
l = len(ret)
if l == 1:
return ret[0]
elif l == 0:
return None
else:
raise orm_exc.MultipleResultsFound(
"Multiple rows were found for one_or_none()")
def all(self):
"""Return all rows.
Equivalent to :meth:`.Query.all`.
"""
return list(self)
def get(self, ident):
"""Retrieve an object based on identity.
Equivalent to :meth:`.Query.get`.
"""
query = self.bq.steps[0](self.session)
return query._get_impl(ident, self._load_on_ident)
def _load_on_ident(self, query, key):
"""Load the given identity key from the database."""
ident = key[1]
mapper = query._mapper_zero()
_get_clause, _get_params = mapper._get_clause
def setup(query):
_lcl_get_clause = _get_clause
q = query._clone()
q._get_condition()
q._order_by = None
# None present in ident - turn those comparisons
# into "IS NULL"
if None in ident:
nones = set([
_get_params[col].key for col, value in
zip(mapper.primary_key, ident) if value is None
])
_lcl_get_clause = sql_util.adapt_criterion_to_null(
_lcl_get_clause, nones)
_lcl_get_clause = q._adapt_clause(_lcl_get_clause, True, False)
q._criterion = _lcl_get_clause
return q
# cache the query against a key that includes
# which positions in the primary key are NULL
# (remember, we can map to an OUTER JOIN)
bq = self.bq
# add the clause we got from mapper._get_clause to the cache
# key so that if a race causes multiple calls to _get_clause,
# we've cached on ours
bq = bq._clone()
bq._cache_key += (_get_clause, )
bq = bq.with_criteria(setup, tuple(elem is None for elem in ident))
params = dict([
(_get_params[primary_key].key, id_val)
for id_val, primary_key in zip(ident, mapper.primary_key)
])
result = list(bq.for_session(self.session).params(**params))
l = len(result)
if l > 1:
raise orm_exc.MultipleResultsFound()
elif l:
return result[0]
else:
return None
def bake_lazy_loaders():
"""Enable the use of baked queries for all lazyloaders systemwide.
This operation should be safe for all lazy loaders, and will reduce
Python overhead for these operations.
"""
BakedLazyLoader._strategy_keys[:] = []
properties.RelationshipProperty.strategy_for(
lazy="select")(BakedLazyLoader)
properties.RelationshipProperty.strategy_for(
lazy=True)(BakedLazyLoader)
properties.RelationshipProperty.strategy_for(
lazy="baked_select")(BakedLazyLoader)
strategies.LazyLoader._strategy_keys[:] = BakedLazyLoader._strategy_keys[:]
def unbake_lazy_loaders():
"""Disable the use of baked queries for all lazyloaders systemwide.
This operation reverts the changes produced by :func:`.bake_lazy_loaders`.
"""
strategies.LazyLoader._strategy_keys[:] = []
BakedLazyLoader._strategy_keys[:] = []
properties.RelationshipProperty.strategy_for(
lazy="select")(strategies.LazyLoader)
properties.RelationshipProperty.strategy_for(
lazy=True)(strategies.LazyLoader)
properties.RelationshipProperty.strategy_for(
lazy="baked_select")(BakedLazyLoader)
assert strategies.LazyLoader._strategy_keys
@sqla_log.class_logger
@properties.RelationshipProperty.strategy_for(lazy="baked_select")
class BakedLazyLoader(strategies.LazyLoader):
def _emit_lazyload(self, session, state, ident_key, passive):
q = BakedQuery(
self.mapper._compiled_cache,
lambda session: session.query(self.mapper))
q.add_criteria(
lambda q: q._adapt_all_clauses()._with_invoke_all_eagers(False),
self.parent_property)
if not self.parent_property.bake_queries:
q.spoil(full=True)
if self.parent_property.secondary is not None:
q.add_criteria(
lambda q:
q.select_from(self.mapper, self.parent_property.secondary))
pending = not state.key
# don't autoflush on pending
if pending or passive & attributes.NO_AUTOFLUSH:
q.add_criteria(lambda q: q.autoflush(False))
if state.load_options:
q.spoil()
args = state.load_path[self.parent_property]
q.add_criteria(
lambda q:
q._with_current_path(args), args)
q.add_criteria(
lambda q: q._conditional_options(*state.load_options))
if self.use_get:
return q(session)._load_on_ident(
session.query(self.mapper), ident_key)
if self.parent_property.order_by:
q.add_criteria(
lambda q:
q.order_by(*util.to_list(self.parent_property.order_by)))
for rev in self.parent_property._reverse_property:
# reverse props that are MANYTOONE are loading *this*
# object from get(), so don't need to eager out to those.
if rev.direction is interfaces.MANYTOONE and \
rev._use_get and \
not isinstance(rev.strategy, strategies.LazyLoader):
q.add_criteria(
lambda q:
q.options(
strategy_options.Load.for_existing_path(
q._current_path[rev.parent]
).baked_lazyload(rev.key)
)
)
lazy_clause, params = self._generate_lazy_clause(state, passive)
if pending:
if orm_util._none_set.intersection(params.values()):
return None
q.add_criteria(lambda q: q.filter(lazy_clause))
result = q(session).params(**params).all()
if self.uselist:
return result
else:
l = len(result)
if l:
if l > 1:
util.warn(
"Multiple rows returned with "
"uselist=False for lazily-loaded attribute '%s' "
% self.parent_property)
return result[0]
else:
return None
@strategy_options.loader_option()
def baked_lazyload(loadopt, attr):
"""Indicate that the given attribute should be loaded using "lazy"
loading with a "baked" query used in the load.
"""
return loadopt.set_relationship_strategy(attr, {"lazy": "baked_select"})
@baked_lazyload._add_unbound_fn
def baked_lazyload(*keys):
return strategy_options._UnboundLoad._from_keys(
strategy_options._UnboundLoad.baked_lazyload, keys, False, {})
@baked_lazyload._add_unbound_all_fn
def baked_lazyload_all(*keys):
return strategy_options._UnboundLoad._from_keys(
strategy_options._UnboundLoad.baked_lazyload, keys, True, {})
baked_lazyload = baked_lazyload._unbound_fn
baked_lazyload_all = baked_lazyload_all._unbound_all_fn
bakery = BakedQuery.bakery

474
sqlalchemy/ext/compiler.py
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@ -1,474 +0,0 @@
# ext/compiler.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
r"""Provides an API for creation of custom ClauseElements and compilers.
Synopsis
========
Usage involves the creation of one or more
:class:`~sqlalchemy.sql.expression.ClauseElement` subclasses and one or
more callables defining its compilation::
from sqlalchemy.ext.compiler import compiles
from sqlalchemy.sql.expression import ColumnClause
class MyColumn(ColumnClause):
pass
@compiles(MyColumn)
def compile_mycolumn(element, compiler, **kw):
return "[%s]" % element.name
Above, ``MyColumn`` extends :class:`~sqlalchemy.sql.expression.ColumnClause`,
the base expression element for named column objects. The ``compiles``
decorator registers itself with the ``MyColumn`` class so that it is invoked
when the object is compiled to a string::
from sqlalchemy import select
s = select([MyColumn('x'), MyColumn('y')])
print str(s)
Produces::
SELECT [x], [y]
Dialect-specific compilation rules
==================================
Compilers can also be made dialect-specific. The appropriate compiler will be
invoked for the dialect in use::
from sqlalchemy.schema import DDLElement
class AlterColumn(DDLElement):
def __init__(self, column, cmd):
self.column = column
self.cmd = cmd
@compiles(AlterColumn)
def visit_alter_column(element, compiler, **kw):
return "ALTER COLUMN %s ..." % element.column.name
@compiles(AlterColumn, 'postgresql')
def visit_alter_column(element, compiler, **kw):
return "ALTER TABLE %s ALTER COLUMN %s ..." % (element.table.name,
element.column.name)
The second ``visit_alter_table`` will be invoked when any ``postgresql``
dialect is used.
Compiling sub-elements of a custom expression construct
=======================================================
The ``compiler`` argument is the
:class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.Compiled` object in use. This object
can be inspected for any information about the in-progress compilation,
including ``compiler.dialect``, ``compiler.statement`` etc. The
:class:`~sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.SQLCompiler` and
:class:`~sqlalchemy.sql.compiler.DDLCompiler` both include a ``process()``
method which can be used for compilation of embedded attributes::
from sqlalchemy.sql.expression import Executable, ClauseElement
class InsertFromSelect(Executable, ClauseElement):
def __init__(self, table, select):
self.table = table
self.select = select
@compiles(InsertFromSelect)
def visit_insert_from_select(element, compiler, **kw):
return "INSERT INTO %s (%s)" % (
compiler.process(element.table, asfrom=True),
compiler.process(element.select)
)
insert = InsertFromSelect(t1, select([t1]).where(t1.c.x>5))
print insert
Produces::
"INSERT INTO mytable (SELECT mytable.x, mytable.y, mytable.z
FROM mytable WHERE mytable.x > :x_1)"
.. note::
The above ``InsertFromSelect`` construct is only an example, this actual
functionality is already available using the
:meth:`.Insert.from_select` method.
.. note::
The above ``InsertFromSelect`` construct probably wants to have "autocommit"
enabled. See :ref:`enabling_compiled_autocommit` for this step.
Cross Compiling between SQL and DDL compilers
---------------------------------------------
SQL and DDL constructs are each compiled using different base compilers -
``SQLCompiler`` and ``DDLCompiler``. A common need is to access the
compilation rules of SQL expressions from within a DDL expression. The
``DDLCompiler`` includes an accessor ``sql_compiler`` for this reason, such as
below where we generate a CHECK constraint that embeds a SQL expression::
@compiles(MyConstraint)
def compile_my_constraint(constraint, ddlcompiler, **kw):
return "CONSTRAINT %s CHECK (%s)" % (
constraint.name,
ddlcompiler.sql_compiler.process(
constraint.expression, literal_binds=True)
)
Above, we add an additional flag to the process step as called by
:meth:`.SQLCompiler.process`, which is the ``literal_binds`` flag. This
indicates that any SQL expression which refers to a :class:`.BindParameter`
object or other "literal" object such as those which refer to strings or
integers should be rendered **in-place**, rather than being referred to as
a bound parameter; when emitting DDL, bound parameters are typically not
supported.
.. _enabling_compiled_autocommit:
Enabling Autocommit on a Construct
==================================
Recall from the section :ref:`autocommit` that the :class:`.Engine`, when
asked to execute a construct in the absence of a user-defined transaction,
detects if the given construct represents DML or DDL, that is, a data
modification or data definition statement, which requires (or may require,
in the case of DDL) that the transaction generated by the DBAPI be committed
(recall that DBAPI always has a transaction going on regardless of what
SQLAlchemy does). Checking for this is actually accomplished by checking for
the "autocommit" execution option on the construct. When building a
construct like an INSERT derivation, a new DDL type, or perhaps a stored
procedure that alters data, the "autocommit" option needs to be set in order
for the statement to function with "connectionless" execution
(as described in :ref:`dbengine_implicit`).
Currently a quick way to do this is to subclass :class:`.Executable`, then
add the "autocommit" flag to the ``_execution_options`` dictionary (note this
is a "frozen" dictionary which supplies a generative ``union()`` method)::
from sqlalchemy.sql.expression import Executable, ClauseElement
class MyInsertThing(Executable, ClauseElement):
_execution_options = \
Executable._execution_options.union({'autocommit': True})
More succinctly, if the construct is truly similar to an INSERT, UPDATE, or
DELETE, :class:`.UpdateBase` can be used, which already is a subclass
of :class:`.Executable`, :class:`.ClauseElement` and includes the
``autocommit`` flag::
from sqlalchemy.sql.expression import UpdateBase
class MyInsertThing(UpdateBase):
def __init__(self, ...):
...
DDL elements that subclass :class:`.DDLElement` already have the
"autocommit" flag turned on.
Changing the default compilation of existing constructs
=======================================================
The compiler extension applies just as well to the existing constructs. When
overriding the compilation of a built in SQL construct, the @compiles
decorator is invoked upon the appropriate class (be sure to use the class,
i.e. ``Insert`` or ``Select``, instead of the creation function such
as ``insert()`` or ``select()``).
Within the new compilation function, to get at the "original" compilation
routine, use the appropriate visit_XXX method - this
because compiler.process() will call upon the overriding routine and cause
an endless loop. Such as, to add "prefix" to all insert statements::
from sqlalchemy.sql.expression import Insert
@compiles(Insert)
def prefix_inserts(insert, compiler, **kw):
return compiler.visit_insert(insert.prefix_with("some prefix"), **kw)
The above compiler will prefix all INSERT statements with "some prefix" when
compiled.
.. _type_compilation_extension:
Changing Compilation of Types
=============================
``compiler`` works for types, too, such as below where we implement the
MS-SQL specific 'max' keyword for ``String``/``VARCHAR``::
@compiles(String, 'mssql')
@compiles(VARCHAR, 'mssql')
def compile_varchar(element, compiler, **kw):
if element.length == 'max':
return "VARCHAR('max')"
else:
return compiler.visit_VARCHAR(element, **kw)
foo = Table('foo', metadata,
Column('data', VARCHAR('max'))
)
Subclassing Guidelines
======================
A big part of using the compiler extension is subclassing SQLAlchemy
expression constructs. To make this easier, the expression and
schema packages feature a set of "bases" intended for common tasks.
A synopsis is as follows:
* :class:`~sqlalchemy.sql.expression.ClauseElement` - This is the root
expression class. Any SQL expression can be derived from this base, and is
probably the best choice for longer constructs such as specialized INSERT
statements.
* :class:`~sqlalchemy.sql.expression.ColumnElement` - The root of all
"column-like" elements. Anything that you'd place in the "columns" clause of
a SELECT statement (as well as order by and group by) can derive from this -
the object will automatically have Python "comparison" behavior.
:class:`~sqlalchemy.sql.expression.ColumnElement` classes want to have a
``type`` member which is expression's return type. This can be established
at the instance level in the constructor, or at the class level if its
generally constant::
class timestamp(ColumnElement):
type = TIMESTAMP()
* :class:`~sqlalchemy.sql.functions.FunctionElement` - This is a hybrid of a
``ColumnElement`` and a "from clause" like object, and represents a SQL
function or stored procedure type of call. Since most databases support
statements along the line of "SELECT FROM <some function>"
``FunctionElement`` adds in the ability to be used in the FROM clause of a
``select()`` construct::
from sqlalchemy.sql.expression import FunctionElement
class coalesce(FunctionElement):
name = 'coalesce'
@compiles(coalesce)
def compile(element, compiler, **kw):
return "coalesce(%s)" % compiler.process(element.clauses)
@compiles(coalesce, 'oracle')
def compile(element, compiler, **kw):
if len(element.clauses) > 2:
raise TypeError("coalesce only supports two arguments on Oracle")
return "nvl(%s)" % compiler.process(element.clauses)
* :class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.DDLElement` - The root of all DDL expressions,
like CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, etc. Compilation of ``DDLElement``
subclasses is issued by a ``DDLCompiler`` instead of a ``SQLCompiler``.
``DDLElement`` also features ``Table`` and ``MetaData`` event hooks via the
``execute_at()`` method, allowing the construct to be invoked during CREATE
TABLE and DROP TABLE sequences.
* :class:`~sqlalchemy.sql.expression.Executable` - This is a mixin which
should be used with any expression class that represents a "standalone"
SQL statement that can be passed directly to an ``execute()`` method. It
is already implicit within ``DDLElement`` and ``FunctionElement``.
Further Examples
================
"UTC timestamp" function
-------------------------
A function that works like "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP" except applies the
appropriate conversions so that the time is in UTC time. Timestamps are best
stored in relational databases as UTC, without time zones. UTC so that your
database doesn't think time has gone backwards in the hour when daylight
savings ends, without timezones because timezones are like character
encodings - they're best applied only at the endpoints of an application
(i.e. convert to UTC upon user input, re-apply desired timezone upon display).
For PostgreSQL and Microsoft SQL Server::
from sqlalchemy.sql import expression
from sqlalchemy.ext.compiler import compiles
from sqlalchemy.types import DateTime
class utcnow(expression.FunctionElement):
type = DateTime()
@compiles(utcnow, 'postgresql')
def pg_utcnow(element, compiler, **kw):
return "TIMEZONE('utc', CURRENT_TIMESTAMP)"
@compiles(utcnow, 'mssql')
def ms_utcnow(element, compiler, **kw):
return "GETUTCDATE()"
Example usage::
from sqlalchemy import (
Table, Column, Integer, String, DateTime, MetaData
)
metadata = MetaData()
event = Table("event", metadata,
Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
Column("description", String(50), nullable=False),
Column("timestamp", DateTime, server_default=utcnow())
)
"GREATEST" function
-------------------
The "GREATEST" function is given any number of arguments and returns the one
that is of the highest value - its equivalent to Python's ``max``
function. A SQL standard version versus a CASE based version which only
accommodates two arguments::
from sqlalchemy.sql import expression
from sqlalchemy.ext.compiler import compiles
from sqlalchemy.types import Numeric
class greatest(expression.FunctionElement):
type = Numeric()
name = 'greatest'
@compiles(greatest)
def default_greatest(element, compiler, **kw):
return compiler.visit_function(element)
@compiles(greatest, 'sqlite')
@compiles(greatest, 'mssql')
@compiles(greatest, 'oracle')
def case_greatest(element, compiler, **kw):
arg1, arg2 = list(element.clauses)
return "CASE WHEN %s > %s THEN %s ELSE %s END" % (
compiler.process(arg1),
compiler.process(arg2),
compiler.process(arg1),
compiler.process(arg2),
)
Example usage::
Session.query(Account).\
filter(
greatest(
Account.checking_balance,
Account.savings_balance) > 10000
)
"false" expression
------------------
Render a "false" constant expression, rendering as "0" on platforms that
don't have a "false" constant::
from sqlalchemy.sql import expression
from sqlalchemy.ext.compiler import compiles
class sql_false(expression.ColumnElement):
pass
@compiles(sql_false)
def default_false(element, compiler, **kw):
return "false"
@compiles(sql_false, 'mssql')
@compiles(sql_false, 'mysql')
@compiles(sql_false, 'oracle')
def int_false(element, compiler, **kw):
return "0"
Example usage::
from sqlalchemy import select, union_all
exp = union_all(
select([users.c.name, sql_false().label("enrolled")]),
select([customers.c.name, customers.c.enrolled])
)
"""
from .. import exc
from ..sql import visitors
def compiles(class_, *specs):
"""Register a function as a compiler for a
given :class:`.ClauseElement` type."""
def decorate(fn):
# get an existing @compiles handler
existing = class_.__dict__.get('_compiler_dispatcher', None)
# get the original handler. All ClauseElement classes have one
# of these, but some TypeEngine classes will not.
existing_dispatch = getattr(class_, '_compiler_dispatch', None)
if not existing:
existing = _dispatcher()
if existing_dispatch:
def _wrap_existing_dispatch(element, compiler, **kw):
try:
return existing_dispatch(element, compiler, **kw)
except exc.UnsupportedCompilationError:
raise exc.CompileError(
"%s construct has no default "
"compilation handler." % type(element))
existing.specs['default'] = _wrap_existing_dispatch
# TODO: why is the lambda needed ?
setattr(class_, '_compiler_dispatch',
lambda *arg, **kw: existing(*arg, **kw))
setattr(class_, '_compiler_dispatcher', existing)
if specs:
for s in specs:
existing.specs[s] = fn
else:
existing.specs['default'] = fn
return fn
return decorate
def deregister(class_):
"""Remove all custom compilers associated with a given
:class:`.ClauseElement` type."""
if hasattr(class_, '_compiler_dispatcher'):
# regenerate default _compiler_dispatch
visitors._generate_dispatch(class_)
# remove custom directive
del class_._compiler_dispatcher
class _dispatcher(object):
def __init__(self):
self.specs = {}
def __call__(self, element, compiler, **kw):
# TODO: yes, this could also switch off of DBAPI in use.
fn = self.specs.get(compiler.dialect.name, None)
if not fn:
try:
fn = self.specs['default']
except KeyError:
raise exc.CompileError(
"%s construct has no default "
"compilation handler." % type(element))
return fn(element, compiler, **kw)

940
sqlalchemy/ext/declarative.py
View File

@ -1,940 +0,0 @@
"""
Synopsis
========
SQLAlchemy object-relational configuration involves the use of
:class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Table`, :func:`~sqlalchemy.orm.mapper`, and
class objects to define the three areas of configuration.
:mod:`~sqlalchemy.ext.declarative` allows all three types of
configuration to be expressed declaratively on an individual
mapped class. Regular SQLAlchemy schema elements and ORM constructs
are used in most cases.
As a simple example::
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
Base = declarative_base()
class SomeClass(Base):
__tablename__ = 'some_table'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
name = Column(String(50))
Above, the :func:`declarative_base` callable returns a new base class from which
all mapped classes should inherit. When the class definition is completed, a
new :class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Table` and
:class:`~sqlalchemy.orm.mapper` will have been generated, accessible
via the ``__table__`` and ``__mapper__`` attributes on the ``SomeClass`` class.
Defining Attributes
===================
In the above example, the :class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Column` objects are
automatically named with the name of the attribute to which they are
assigned.
They can also be explicitly named, and that name does not have to be
the same as name assigned on the class.
The column will be assigned to the :class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Table` using the
given name, and mapped to the class using the attribute name::
class SomeClass(Base):
__tablename__ = 'some_table'
id = Column("some_table_id", Integer, primary_key=True)
name = Column("name", String(50))
Attributes may be added to the class after its construction, and they will be
added to the underlying :class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Table` and
:func:`~sqlalchemy.orm.mapper()` definitions as appropriate::
SomeClass.data = Column('data', Unicode)
SomeClass.related = relationship(RelatedInfo)
Classes which are mapped explicitly using
:func:`~sqlalchemy.orm.mapper()` can interact freely with declarative
classes.
It is recommended, though not required, that all tables
share the same underlying :class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.MetaData` object,
so that string-configured :class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.ForeignKey`
references can be resolved without issue.
Association of Metadata and Engine
==================================
The :func:`declarative_base` base class contains a
:class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.MetaData` object where newly
defined :class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Table` objects are collected. This
is accessed via the :class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.MetaData` class level
accessor, so to create tables we can say::
engine = create_engine('sqlite://')
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
The :class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine` created above may also be
directly associated with the declarative base class using the ``bind``
keyword argument, where it will be associated with the underlying
:class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.MetaData` object and allow SQL operations
involving that metadata and its tables to make use of that engine
automatically::
Base = declarative_base(bind=create_engine('sqlite://'))
Alternatively, by way of the normal
:class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.MetaData` behaviour, the ``bind`` attribute
of the class level accessor can be assigned at any time as follows::
Base.metadata.bind = create_engine('sqlite://')
The :func:`declarative_base` can also receive a pre-created
:class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.MetaData` object, which allows a
declarative setup to be associated with an already
existing traditional collection of :class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Table`
objects::
mymetadata = MetaData()
Base = declarative_base(metadata=mymetadata)
Configuring Relationships
=========================
Relationships to other classes are done in the usual way, with the added
feature that the class specified to :func:`~sqlalchemy.orm.relationship`
may be a string name (note that :func:`~sqlalchemy.orm.relationship` is
only available as of SQLAlchemy 0.6beta2, and in all prior versions is known
as :func:`~sqlalchemy.orm.relation`,
including 0.5 and 0.4). The "class registry" associated with ``Base``
is used at mapper compilation time to resolve the name into the actual
class object, which is expected to have been defined once the mapper
configuration is used::
class User(Base):
__tablename__ = 'users'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
name = Column(String(50))
addresses = relationship("Address", backref="user")
class Address(Base):
__tablename__ = 'addresses'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
email = Column(String(50))
user_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('users.id'))
Column constructs, since they are just that, are immediately usable,
as below where we define a primary join condition on the ``Address``
class using them::
class Address(Base):
__tablename__ = 'addresses'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
email = Column(String(50))
user_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('users.id'))
user = relationship(User, primaryjoin=user_id == User.id)
In addition to the main argument for :func:`~sqlalchemy.orm.relationship`,
other arguments which depend upon the columns present on an as-yet
undefined class may also be specified as strings. These strings are
evaluated as Python expressions. The full namespace available within
this evaluation includes all classes mapped for this declarative base,
as well as the contents of the ``sqlalchemy`` package, including
expression functions like :func:`~sqlalchemy.sql.expression.desc` and
:attr:`~sqlalchemy.sql.expression.func`::
class User(Base):
# ....
addresses = relationship("Address",
order_by="desc(Address.email)",
primaryjoin="Address.user_id==User.id")
As an alternative to string-based attributes, attributes may also be
defined after all classes have been created. Just add them to the target
class after the fact::
User.addresses = relationship(Address,
primaryjoin=Address.user_id==User.id)
Configuring Many-to-Many Relationships
======================================
There's nothing special about many-to-many with declarative. The
``secondary`` argument to :func:`~sqlalchemy.orm.relationship` still
requires a :class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Table` object, not a declarative
class. The :class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Table` should share the same
:class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.MetaData` object used by the declarative
base::
keywords = Table(
'keywords', Base.metadata,
Column('author_id', Integer, ForeignKey('authors.id')),
Column('keyword_id', Integer, ForeignKey('keywords.id'))
)
class Author(Base):
__tablename__ = 'authors'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
keywords = relationship("Keyword", secondary=keywords)
You should generally **not** map a class and also specify its table in
a many-to-many relationship, since the ORM may issue duplicate INSERT and
DELETE statements.
Defining Synonyms
=================
Synonyms are introduced in :ref:`synonyms`. To define a getter/setter
which proxies to an underlying attribute, use
:func:`~sqlalchemy.orm.synonym` with the ``descriptor`` argument::
class MyClass(Base):
__tablename__ = 'sometable'
_attr = Column('attr', String)
def _get_attr(self):
return self._some_attr
def _set_attr(self, attr):
self._some_attr = attr
attr = synonym('_attr', descriptor=property(_get_attr, _set_attr))
The above synonym is then usable as an instance attribute as well as a
class-level expression construct::
x = MyClass()
x.attr = "some value"
session.query(MyClass).filter(MyClass.attr == 'some other value').all()
For simple getters, the :func:`synonym_for` decorator can be used in
conjunction with ``@property``::
class MyClass(Base):
__tablename__ = 'sometable'
_attr = Column('attr', String)
@synonym_for('_attr')
@property
def attr(self):
return self._some_attr
Similarly, :func:`comparable_using` is a front end for the
:func:`~sqlalchemy.orm.comparable_property` ORM function::
class MyClass(Base):
__tablename__ = 'sometable'
name = Column('name', String)
@comparable_using(MyUpperCaseComparator)
@property
def uc_name(self):
return self.name.upper()
Table Configuration
===================
Table arguments other than the name, metadata, and mapped Column
arguments are specified using the ``__table_args__`` class attribute.
This attribute accommodates both positional as well as keyword
arguments that are normally sent to the
:class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Table` constructor.
The attribute can be specified in one of two forms. One is as a
dictionary::
class MyClass(Base):
__tablename__ = 'sometable'
__table_args__ = {'mysql_engine':'InnoDB'}
The other, a tuple of the form
``(arg1, arg2, ..., {kwarg1:value, ...})``, which allows positional
arguments to be specified as well (usually constraints)::
class MyClass(Base):
__tablename__ = 'sometable'
__table_args__ = (
ForeignKeyConstraint(['id'], ['remote_table.id']),
UniqueConstraint('foo'),
{'autoload':True}
)
Note that the keyword parameters dictionary is required in the tuple
form even if empty.
As an alternative to ``__tablename__``, a direct
:class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Table` construct may be used. The
:class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Column` objects, which in this case require
their names, will be added to the mapping just like a regular mapping
to a table::
class MyClass(Base):
__table__ = Table('my_table', Base.metadata,
Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
Column('name', String(50))
)
Mapper Configuration
====================
Configuration of mappers is done with the
:func:`~sqlalchemy.orm.mapper` function and all the possible mapper
configuration parameters can be found in the documentation for that
function.
:func:`~sqlalchemy.orm.mapper` is still used by declaratively mapped
classes and keyword parameters to the function can be passed by
placing them in the ``__mapper_args__`` class variable::
class Widget(Base):
__tablename__ = 'widgets'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
__mapper_args__ = {'extension': MyWidgetExtension()}
Inheritance Configuration
=========================
Declarative supports all three forms of inheritance as intuitively
as possible. The ``inherits`` mapper keyword argument is not needed
as declarative will determine this from the class itself. The various
"polymorphic" keyword arguments are specified using ``__mapper_args__``.
Joined Table Inheritance
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Joined table inheritance is defined as a subclass that defines its own
table::
class Person(Base):
__tablename__ = 'people'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
discriminator = Column('type', String(50))
__mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_on': discriminator}
class Engineer(Person):
__tablename__ = 'engineers'
__mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_identity': 'engineer'}
id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('people.id'), primary_key=True)
primary_language = Column(String(50))
Note that above, the ``Engineer.id`` attribute, since it shares the
same attribute name as the ``Person.id`` attribute, will in fact
represent the ``people.id`` and ``engineers.id`` columns together, and
will render inside a query as ``"people.id"``.
To provide the ``Engineer`` class with an attribute that represents
only the ``engineers.id`` column, give it a different attribute name::
class Engineer(Person):
__tablename__ = 'engineers'
__mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_identity': 'engineer'}
engineer_id = Column('id', Integer, ForeignKey('people.id'), primary_key=True)
primary_language = Column(String(50))
Single Table Inheritance
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Single table inheritance is defined as a subclass that does not have
its own table; you just leave out the ``__table__`` and ``__tablename__``
attributes::
class Person(Base):
__tablename__ = 'people'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
discriminator = Column('type', String(50))
__mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_on': discriminator}
class Engineer(Person):
__mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_identity': 'engineer'}
primary_language = Column(String(50))
When the above mappers are configured, the ``Person`` class is mapped
to the ``people`` table *before* the ``primary_language`` column is
defined, and this column will not be included in its own mapping.
When ``Engineer`` then defines the ``primary_language`` column, the
column is added to the ``people`` table so that it is included in the
mapping for ``Engineer`` and is also part of the table's full set of
columns. Columns which are not mapped to ``Person`` are also excluded
from any other single or joined inheriting classes using the
``exclude_properties`` mapper argument. Below, ``Manager`` will have
all the attributes of ``Person`` and ``Manager`` but *not* the
``primary_language`` attribute of ``Engineer``::
class Manager(Person):
__mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_identity': 'manager'}
golf_swing = Column(String(50))
The attribute exclusion logic is provided by the
``exclude_properties`` mapper argument, and declarative's default
behavior can be disabled by passing an explicit ``exclude_properties``
collection (empty or otherwise) to the ``__mapper_args__``.
Concrete Table Inheritance
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Concrete is defined as a subclass which has its own table and sets the
``concrete`` keyword argument to ``True``::
class Person(Base):
__tablename__ = 'people'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
name = Column(String(50))
class Engineer(Person):
__tablename__ = 'engineers'
__mapper_args__ = {'concrete':True}
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
primary_language = Column(String(50))
name = Column(String(50))
Usage of an abstract base class is a little less straightforward as it
requires usage of :func:`~sqlalchemy.orm.util.polymorphic_union`::
engineers = Table('engineers', Base.metadata,
Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
Column('name', String(50)),
Column('primary_language', String(50))
)
managers = Table('managers', Base.metadata,
Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
Column('name', String(50)),
Column('golf_swing', String(50))
)
punion = polymorphic_union({
'engineer':engineers,
'manager':managers
}, 'type', 'punion')
class Person(Base):
__table__ = punion
__mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_on':punion.c.type}
class Engineer(Person):
__table__ = engineers
__mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_identity':'engineer', 'concrete':True}
class Manager(Person):
__table__ = managers
__mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_identity':'manager', 'concrete':True}
Mix-in Classes
==============
A common need when using :mod:`~sqlalchemy.ext.declarative` is to
share some functionality, often a set of columns, across many
classes. The normal python idiom would be to put this common code into
a base class and have all the other classes subclass this class.
When using :mod:`~sqlalchemy.ext.declarative`, this need is met by
using a "mix-in class". A mix-in class is one that isn't mapped to a
table and doesn't subclass the declarative :class:`Base`. For example::
class MyMixin(object):
__table_args__ = {'mysql_engine':'InnoDB'}
__mapper_args__=dict(always_refresh=True)
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
def foo(self):
return 'bar'+str(self.id)
class MyModel(Base,MyMixin):
__tablename__='test'
name = Column(String(1000), nullable=False, index=True)
As the above example shows, ``__table_args__`` and ``__mapper_args__``
can both be abstracted out into a mix-in if you use common values for
these across many classes.
However, particularly in the case of ``__table_args__``, you may want
to combine some parameters from several mix-ins with those you wish to
define on the class iteself. To help with this, a
:func:`~sqlalchemy.util.classproperty` decorator is provided that lets
you implement a class property with a function. For example::
from sqlalchemy.util import classproperty
class MySQLSettings:
__table_args__ = {'mysql_engine':'InnoDB'}
class MyOtherMixin:
__table_args__ = {'info':'foo'}
class MyModel(Base,MySQLSettings,MyOtherMixin):
__tablename__='my_model'
@classproperty
def __table_args__(self):
args = dict()
args.update(MySQLSettings.__table_args__)
args.update(MyOtherMixin.__table_args__)
return args
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
Class Constructor
=================
As a convenience feature, the :func:`declarative_base` sets a default
constructor on classes which takes keyword arguments, and assigns them
to the named attributes::
e = Engineer(primary_language='python')
Sessions
========
Note that ``declarative`` does nothing special with sessions, and is
only intended as an easier way to configure mappers and
:class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Table` objects. A typical application
setup using :func:`~sqlalchemy.orm.scoped_session` might look like::
engine = create_engine('postgresql://scott:tiger@localhost/test')
Session = scoped_session(sessionmaker(autocommit=False,
autoflush=False,
bind=engine))
Base = declarative_base()
Mapped instances then make usage of
:class:`~sqlalchemy.orm.session.Session` in the usual way.
"""
from sqlalchemy.schema import Table, Column, MetaData
from sqlalchemy.orm import synonym as _orm_synonym, mapper, comparable_property, class_mapper
from sqlalchemy.orm.interfaces import MapperProperty
from sqlalchemy.orm.properties import RelationshipProperty, ColumnProperty
from sqlalchemy.orm.util import _is_mapped_class
from sqlalchemy import util, exceptions
from sqlalchemy.sql import util as sql_util
__all__ = 'declarative_base', 'synonym_for', 'comparable_using', 'instrument_declarative'
def instrument_declarative(cls, registry, metadata):
"""Given a class, configure the class declaratively,
using the given registry, which can be any dictionary, and
MetaData object.
"""
if '_decl_class_registry' in cls.__dict__:
raise exceptions.InvalidRequestError(
"Class %r already has been "
"instrumented declaratively" % cls)
cls._decl_class_registry = registry
cls.metadata = metadata
_as_declarative(cls, cls.__name__, cls.__dict__)
def _as_declarative(cls, classname, dict_):
# dict_ will be a dictproxy, which we can't write to, and we need to!
dict_ = dict(dict_)
column_copies = dict()
unmapped_mixins = False
for base in cls.__bases__:
names = dir(base)
if not _is_mapped_class(base):
unmapped_mixins = True
for name in names:
obj = getattr(base,name, None)
if isinstance(obj, Column):
if obj.foreign_keys:
raise exceptions.InvalidRequestError(
"Columns with foreign keys to other columns "
"are not allowed on declarative mixins at this time."
)
dict_[name]=column_copies[obj]=obj.copy()
elif isinstance(obj, RelationshipProperty):
raise exceptions.InvalidRequestError(
"relationships are not allowed on "
"declarative mixins at this time.")
# doing it this way enables these attributes to be descriptors
get_mapper_args = '__mapper_args__' in dict_
get_table_args = '__table_args__' in dict_
if unmapped_mixins:
get_mapper_args = get_mapper_args or getattr(cls,'__mapper_args__',None)
get_table_args = get_table_args or getattr(cls,'__table_args__',None)
tablename = getattr(cls,'__tablename__',None)
if tablename:
# subtle: if tablename is a descriptor here, we actually
# put the wrong value in, but it serves as a marker to get
# the right value value...
dict_['__tablename__']=tablename
# now that we know whether or not to get these, get them from the class
# if we should, enabling them to be decorators
mapper_args = get_mapper_args and cls.__mapper_args__ or {}
table_args = get_table_args and cls.__table_args__ or None
# make sure that column copies are used rather than the original columns
# from any mixins
for k, v in mapper_args.iteritems():
mapper_args[k] = column_copies.get(v,v)
cls._decl_class_registry[classname] = cls
our_stuff = util.OrderedDict()
for k in dict_:
value = dict_[k]
if (isinstance(value, tuple) and len(value) == 1 and
isinstance(value[0], (Column, MapperProperty))):
util.warn("Ignoring declarative-like tuple value of attribute "
"%s: possibly a copy-and-paste error with a comma "
"left at the end of the line?" % k)
continue
if not isinstance(value, (Column, MapperProperty)):
continue
prop = _deferred_relationship(cls, value)
our_stuff[k] = prop
# set up attributes in the order they were created
our_stuff.sort(key=lambda key: our_stuff[key]._creation_order)
# extract columns from the class dict
cols = []
for key, c in our_stuff.iteritems():
if isinstance(c, ColumnProperty):
for col in c.columns:
if isinstance(col, Column) and col.table is None:
_undefer_column_name(key, col)
cols.append(col)
elif isinstance(c, Column):
_undefer_column_name(key, c)
cols.append(c)
# if the column is the same name as the key,
# remove it from the explicit properties dict.
# the normal rules for assigning column-based properties
# will take over, including precedence of columns
# in multi-column ColumnProperties.
if key == c.key:
del our_stuff[key]
table = None
if '__table__' not in dict_:
if '__tablename__' in dict_:
# see above: if __tablename__ is a descriptor, this
# means we get the right value used!
tablename = cls.__tablename__
if isinstance(table_args, dict):
args, table_kw = (), table_args
elif isinstance(table_args, tuple):
args = table_args[0:-1]
table_kw = table_args[-1]
if len(table_args) < 2 or not isinstance(table_kw, dict):
raise exceptions.ArgumentError(
"Tuple form of __table_args__ is "
"(arg1, arg2, arg3, ..., {'kw1':val1, 'kw2':val2, ...})"
)
else:
args, table_kw = (), {}
autoload = dict_.get('__autoload__')
if autoload:
table_kw['autoload'] = True
cls.__table__ = table = Table(tablename, cls.metadata,
*(tuple(cols) + tuple(args)), **table_kw)
else:
table = cls.__table__
if cols:
for c in cols:
if not table.c.contains_column(c):
raise exceptions.ArgumentError(
"Can't add additional column %r when specifying __table__" % key
)
if 'inherits' not in mapper_args:
for c in cls.__bases__:
if _is_mapped_class(c):
mapper_args['inherits'] = cls._decl_class_registry.get(c.__name__, None)
break
if hasattr(cls, '__mapper_cls__'):
mapper_cls = util.unbound_method_to_callable(cls.__mapper_cls__)
else:
mapper_cls = mapper
if table is None and 'inherits' not in mapper_args:
raise exceptions.InvalidRequestError(
"Class %r does not have a __table__ or __tablename__ "
"specified and does not inherit from an existing table-mapped class." % cls
)
elif 'inherits' in mapper_args and not mapper_args.get('concrete', False):
inherited_mapper = class_mapper(mapper_args['inherits'], compile=False)
inherited_table = inherited_mapper.local_table
if 'inherit_condition' not in mapper_args and table is not None:
# figure out the inherit condition with relaxed rules
# about nonexistent tables, to allow for ForeignKeys to
# not-yet-defined tables (since we know for sure that our
# parent table is defined within the same MetaData)
mapper_args['inherit_condition'] = sql_util.join_condition(
mapper_args['inherits'].__table__, table,
ignore_nonexistent_tables=True)
if table is None:
# single table inheritance.
# ensure no table args
if table_args is not None:
raise exceptions.ArgumentError(
"Can't place __table_args__ on an inherited class with no table."
)
# add any columns declared here to the inherited table.
for c in cols:
if c.primary_key:
raise exceptions.ArgumentError(
"Can't place primary key columns on an inherited class with no table."
)
if c.name in inherited_table.c:
raise exceptions.ArgumentError(
"Column '%s' on class %s conflicts with existing column '%s'" %
(c, cls, inherited_table.c[c.name])
)
inherited_table.append_column(c)
# single or joined inheritance
# exclude any cols on the inherited table which are not mapped on the
# parent class, to avoid
# mapping columns specific to sibling/nephew classes
inherited_mapper = class_mapper(mapper_args['inherits'], compile=False)
inherited_table = inherited_mapper.local_table
if 'exclude_properties' not in mapper_args:
mapper_args['exclude_properties'] = exclude_properties = \
set([c.key for c in inherited_table.c
if c not in inherited_mapper._columntoproperty])
exclude_properties.difference_update([c.key for c in cols])
cls.__mapper__ = mapper_cls(cls, table, properties=our_stuff, **mapper_args)
class DeclarativeMeta(type):
def __init__(cls, classname, bases, dict_):
if '_decl_class_registry' in cls.__dict__:
return type.__init__(cls, classname, bases, dict_)
_as_declarative(cls, classname, cls.__dict__)
return type.__init__(cls, classname, bases, dict_)
def __setattr__(cls, key, value):
if '__mapper__' in cls.__dict__:
if isinstance(value, Column):
_undefer_column_name(key, value)
cls.__table__.append_column(value)
cls.__mapper__.add_property(key, value)
elif isinstance(value, ColumnProperty):
for col in value.columns:
if isinstance(col, Column) and col.table is None:
_undefer_column_name(key, col)
cls.__table__.append_column(col)
cls.__mapper__.add_property(key, value)
elif isinstance(value, MapperProperty):
cls.__mapper__.add_property(key, _deferred_relationship(cls, value))
else:
type.__setattr__(cls, key, value)
else:
type.__setattr__(cls, key, value)
class _GetColumns(object):
def __init__(self, cls):
self.cls = cls
def __getattr__(self, key):
mapper = class_mapper(self.cls, compile=False)
if mapper:
prop = mapper.get_property(key)
if not isinstance(prop, ColumnProperty):
raise exceptions.InvalidRequestError(
"Property %r is not an instance of"
" ColumnProperty (i.e. does not correspond"
" directly to a Column)." % key)
return getattr(self.cls, key)
def _deferred_relationship(cls, prop):
def resolve_arg(arg):
import sqlalchemy
def access_cls(key):
if key in cls._decl_class_registry:
return _GetColumns(cls._decl_class_registry[key])
elif key in cls.metadata.tables:
return cls.metadata.tables[key]
else:
return sqlalchemy.__dict__[key]
d = util.PopulateDict(access_cls)
def return_cls():
try:
x = eval(arg, globals(), d)
if isinstance(x, _GetColumns):
return x.cls
else:
return x
except NameError, n:
raise exceptions.InvalidRequestError(
"When compiling mapper %s, expression %r failed to locate a name (%r). "
"If this is a class name, consider adding this relationship() to the %r "
"class after both dependent classes have been defined." % (
prop.parent, arg, n.args[0], cls))
return return_cls
if isinstance(prop, RelationshipProperty):
for attr in ('argument', 'order_by', 'primaryjoin', 'secondaryjoin',
'secondary', '_foreign_keys', 'remote_side'):
v = getattr(prop, attr)
if isinstance(v, basestring):
setattr(prop, attr, resolve_arg(v))
if prop.backref and isinstance(prop.backref, tuple):
key, kwargs = prop.backref
for attr in ('primaryjoin', 'secondaryjoin', 'secondary',
'foreign_keys', 'remote_side', 'order_by'):
if attr in kwargs and isinstance(kwargs[attr], basestring):
kwargs[attr] = resolve_arg(kwargs[attr])
return prop
def synonym_for(name, map_column=False):
"""Decorator, make a Python @property a query synonym for a column.
A decorator version of :func:`~sqlalchemy.orm.synonym`. The function being
decorated is the 'descriptor', otherwise passes its arguments through
to synonym()::
@synonym_for('col')
@property
def prop(self):
return 'special sauce'
The regular ``synonym()`` is also usable directly in a declarative setting
and may be convenient for read/write properties::
prop = synonym('col', descriptor=property(_read_prop, _write_prop))
"""
def decorate(fn):
return _orm_synonym(name, map_column=map_column, descriptor=fn)
return decorate
def comparable_using(comparator_factory):
"""Decorator, allow a Python @property to be used in query criteria.
This is a decorator front end to
:func:`~sqlalchemy.orm.comparable_property` that passes
through the comparator_factory and the function being decorated::
@comparable_using(MyComparatorType)
@property
def prop(self):
return 'special sauce'
The regular ``comparable_property()`` is also usable directly in a
declarative setting and may be convenient for read/write properties::
prop = comparable_property(MyComparatorType)
"""
def decorate(fn):
return comparable_property(comparator_factory, fn)
return decorate
def _declarative_constructor(self, **kwargs):
"""A simple constructor that allows initialization from kwargs.
Sets attributes on the constructed instance using the names and
values in ``kwargs``.
Only keys that are present as
attributes of the instance's class are allowed. These could be,
for example, any mapped columns or relationships.
"""
for k in kwargs:
if not hasattr(type(self), k):
raise TypeError(
"%r is an invalid keyword argument for %s" %
(k, type(self).__name__))
setattr(self, k, kwargs[k])
_declarative_constructor.__name__ = '__init__'
def declarative_base(bind=None, metadata=None, mapper=None, cls=object,
name='Base', constructor=_declarative_constructor,
metaclass=DeclarativeMeta):
"""Construct a base class for declarative class definitions.
The new base class will be given a metaclass that produces
appropriate :class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Table` objects and makes
the appropriate :func:`~sqlalchemy.orm.mapper` calls based on the
information provided declaratively in the class and any subclasses
of the class.
:param bind: An optional
:class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.base.Connectable`, will be assigned
the ``bind`` attribute on the :class:`~sqlalchemy.MetaData`
instance.
:param metadata:
An optional :class:`~sqlalchemy.MetaData` instance. All
:class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Table` objects implicitly declared by
subclasses of the base will share this MetaData. A MetaData instance
will be created if none is provided. The
:class:`~sqlalchemy.MetaData` instance will be available via the
`metadata` attribute of the generated declarative base class.
:param mapper:
An optional callable, defaults to :func:`~sqlalchemy.orm.mapper`. Will be
used to map subclasses to their Tables.
:param cls:
Defaults to :class:`object`. A type to use as the base for the generated
declarative base class. May be a class or tuple of classes.
:param name:
Defaults to ``Base``. The display name for the generated
class. Customizing this is not required, but can improve clarity in
tracebacks and debugging.
:param constructor:
Defaults to
:func:`~sqlalchemy.ext.declarative._declarative_constructor`, an
__init__ implementation that assigns \**kwargs for declared
fields and relationships to an instance. If ``None`` is supplied,
no __init__ will be provided and construction will fall back to
cls.__init__ by way of the normal Python semantics.
:param metaclass:
Defaults to :class:`DeclarativeMeta`. A metaclass or __metaclass__
compatible callable to use as the meta type of the generated
declarative base class.
"""
lcl_metadata = metadata or MetaData()
if bind:
lcl_metadata.bind = bind
bases = not isinstance(cls, tuple) and (cls,) or cls
class_dict = dict(_decl_class_registry=dict(),
metadata=lcl_metadata)
if constructor:
class_dict['__init__'] = constructor
if mapper:
class_dict['__mapper_cls__'] = mapper
return metaclass(name, bases, class_dict)
def _undefer_column_name(key, column):
if column.key is None:
column.key = key
if column.name is None:
column.name = key

18
sqlalchemy/ext/declarative/__init__.py
View File

@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
# ext/declarative/__init__.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from .api import declarative_base, synonym_for, comparable_using, \
instrument_declarative, ConcreteBase, AbstractConcreteBase, \
DeclarativeMeta, DeferredReflection, has_inherited_table,\
declared_attr, as_declarative
__all__ = ['declarative_base', 'synonym_for', 'has_inherited_table',
'comparable_using', 'instrument_declarative', 'declared_attr',
'as_declarative',
'ConcreteBase', 'AbstractConcreteBase', 'DeclarativeMeta',
'DeferredReflection']

696
sqlalchemy/ext/declarative/api.py
View File

@ -1,696 +0,0 @@
# ext/declarative/api.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2017 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""Public API functions and helpers for declarative."""
from ...schema import Table, MetaData, Column
from ...orm import synonym as _orm_synonym, \
comparable_property,\
interfaces, properties, attributes
from ...orm.util import polymorphic_union
from ...orm.base import _mapper_or_none
from ...util import OrderedDict, hybridmethod, hybridproperty
from ... import util
from ... import exc
import weakref
from .base import _as_declarative, \
_declarative_constructor,\
_DeferredMapperConfig, _add_attribute
from .clsregistry import _class_resolver
def instrument_declarative(cls, registry, metadata):
"""Given a class, configure the class declaratively,
using the given registry, which can be any dictionary, and
MetaData object.
"""
if '_decl_class_registry' in cls.__dict__:
raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
"Class %r already has been "
"instrumented declaratively" % cls)
cls._decl_class_registry = registry
cls.metadata = metadata
_as_declarative(cls, cls.__name__, cls.__dict__)
def has_inherited_table(cls):
"""Given a class, return True if any of the classes it inherits from has a
mapped table, otherwise return False.
This is used in declarative mixins to build attributes that behave
differently for the base class vs. a subclass in an inheritance
hierarchy.
.. seealso::
:ref:`decl_mixin_inheritance`
"""
for class_ in cls.__mro__[1:]:
if getattr(class_, '__table__', None) is not None:
return True
return False
class DeclarativeMeta(type):
def __init__(cls, classname, bases, dict_):
if '_decl_class_registry' not in cls.__dict__:
_as_declarative(cls, classname, cls.__dict__)
type.__init__(cls, classname, bases, dict_)
def __setattr__(cls, key, value):
_add_attribute(cls, key, value)
def synonym_for(name, map_column=False):
"""Decorator, make a Python @property a query synonym for a column.
A decorator version of :func:`~sqlalchemy.orm.synonym`. The function being
decorated is the 'descriptor', otherwise passes its arguments through to
synonym()::
@synonym_for('col')
@property
def prop(self):
return 'special sauce'
The regular ``synonym()`` is also usable directly in a declarative setting
and may be convenient for read/write properties::
prop = synonym('col', descriptor=property(_read_prop, _write_prop))
"""
def decorate(fn):
return _orm_synonym(name, map_column=map_column, descriptor=fn)
return decorate
def comparable_using(comparator_factory):
"""Decorator, allow a Python @property to be used in query criteria.
This is a decorator front end to
:func:`~sqlalchemy.orm.comparable_property` that passes
through the comparator_factory and the function being decorated::
@comparable_using(MyComparatorType)
@property
def prop(self):
return 'special sauce'
The regular ``comparable_property()`` is also usable directly in a
declarative setting and may be convenient for read/write properties::
prop = comparable_property(MyComparatorType)
"""
def decorate(fn):
return comparable_property(comparator_factory, fn)
return decorate
class declared_attr(interfaces._MappedAttribute, property):
"""Mark a class-level method as representing the definition of
a mapped property or special declarative member name.
@declared_attr turns the attribute into a scalar-like
property that can be invoked from the uninstantiated class.
Declarative treats attributes specifically marked with
@declared_attr as returning a construct that is specific
to mapping or declarative table configuration. The name
of the attribute is that of what the non-dynamic version
of the attribute would be.
@declared_attr is more often than not applicable to mixins,
to define relationships that are to be applied to different
implementors of the class::
class ProvidesUser(object):
"A mixin that adds a 'user' relationship to classes."
@declared_attr
def user(self):
return relationship("User")
It also can be applied to mapped classes, such as to provide
a "polymorphic" scheme for inheritance::
class Employee(Base):
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
type = Column(String(50), nullable=False)
@declared_attr
def __tablename__(cls):
return cls.__name__.lower()
@declared_attr
def __mapper_args__(cls):
if cls.__name__ == 'Employee':
return {
"polymorphic_on":cls.type,
"polymorphic_identity":"Employee"
}
else:
return {"polymorphic_identity":cls.__name__}
.. versionchanged:: 0.8 :class:`.declared_attr` can be used with
non-ORM or extension attributes, such as user-defined attributes
or :func:`.association_proxy` objects, which will be assigned
to the class at class construction time.
"""
def __init__(self, fget, cascading=False):
super(declared_attr, self).__init__(fget)
self.__doc__ = fget.__doc__
self._cascading = cascading
def __get__(desc, self, cls):
reg = cls.__dict__.get('_sa_declared_attr_reg', None)
if reg is None:
manager = attributes.manager_of_class(cls)
if manager is None:
util.warn(
"Unmanaged access of declarative attribute %s from "
"non-mapped class %s" %
(desc.fget.__name__, cls.__name__))
return desc.fget(cls)
elif desc in reg:
return reg[desc]
else:
reg[desc] = obj = desc.fget(cls)
return obj
@hybridmethod
def _stateful(cls, **kw):
return _stateful_declared_attr(**kw)
@hybridproperty
def cascading(cls):
"""Mark a :class:`.declared_attr` as cascading.
This is a special-use modifier which indicates that a column
or MapperProperty-based declared attribute should be configured
distinctly per mapped subclass, within a mapped-inheritance scenario.
Below, both MyClass as well as MySubClass will have a distinct
``id`` Column object established::
class HasIdMixin(object):
@declared_attr.cascading
def id(cls):
if has_inherited_table(cls):
return Column(ForeignKey('myclass.id'), primary_key=True)
else:
return Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
class MyClass(HasIdMixin, Base):
__tablename__ = 'myclass'
# ...
class MySubClass(MyClass):
""
# ...
The behavior of the above configuration is that ``MySubClass``
will refer to both its own ``id`` column as well as that of
``MyClass`` underneath the attribute named ``some_id``.
.. seealso::
:ref:`declarative_inheritance`
:ref:`mixin_inheritance_columns`
"""
return cls._stateful(cascading=True)
class _stateful_declared_attr(declared_attr):
def __init__(self, **kw):
self.kw = kw
def _stateful(self, **kw):
new_kw = self.kw.copy()
new_kw.update(kw)
return _stateful_declared_attr(**new_kw)
def __call__(self, fn):
return declared_attr(fn, **self.kw)
def declarative_base(bind=None, metadata=None, mapper=None, cls=object,
name='Base', constructor=_declarative_constructor,
class_registry=None,
metaclass=DeclarativeMeta):
r"""Construct a base class for declarative class definitions.
The new base class will be given a metaclass that produces
appropriate :class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Table` objects and makes
the appropriate :func:`~sqlalchemy.orm.mapper` calls based on the
information provided declaratively in the class and any subclasses
of the class.
:param bind: An optional
:class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.Connectable`, will be assigned
the ``bind`` attribute on the :class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.MetaData`
instance.
:param metadata:
An optional :class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.MetaData` instance. All
:class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Table` objects implicitly declared by
subclasses of the base will share this MetaData. A MetaData instance
will be created if none is provided. The
:class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.MetaData` instance will be available via the
`metadata` attribute of the generated declarative base class.
:param mapper:
An optional callable, defaults to :func:`~sqlalchemy.orm.mapper`. Will
be used to map subclasses to their Tables.
:param cls:
Defaults to :class:`object`. A type to use as the base for the generated
declarative base class. May be a class or tuple of classes.
:param name:
Defaults to ``Base``. The display name for the generated
class. Customizing this is not required, but can improve clarity in
tracebacks and debugging.
:param constructor:
Defaults to
:func:`~sqlalchemy.ext.declarative.base._declarative_constructor`, an
__init__ implementation that assigns \**kwargs for declared
fields and relationships to an instance. If ``None`` is supplied,
no __init__ will be provided and construction will fall back to
cls.__init__ by way of the normal Python semantics.
:param class_registry: optional dictionary that will serve as the
registry of class names-> mapped classes when string names
are used to identify classes inside of :func:`.relationship`
and others. Allows two or more declarative base classes
to share the same registry of class names for simplified
inter-base relationships.
:param metaclass:
Defaults to :class:`.DeclarativeMeta`. A metaclass or __metaclass__
compatible callable to use as the meta type of the generated
declarative base class.
.. versionchanged:: 1.1 if :paramref:`.declarative_base.cls` is a single class (rather
than a tuple), the constructed base class will inherit its docstring.
.. seealso::
:func:`.as_declarative`
"""
lcl_metadata = metadata or MetaData()
if bind:
lcl_metadata.bind = bind
if class_registry is None:
class_registry = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
bases = not isinstance(cls, tuple) and (cls,) or cls
class_dict = dict(_decl_class_registry=class_registry,
metadata=lcl_metadata)
if isinstance(cls, type):
class_dict['__doc__'] = cls.__doc__
if constructor:
class_dict['__init__'] = constructor
if mapper:
class_dict['__mapper_cls__'] = mapper
return metaclass(name, bases, class_dict)
def as_declarative(**kw):
"""
Class decorator for :func:`.declarative_base`.
Provides a syntactical shortcut to the ``cls`` argument
sent to :func:`.declarative_base`, allowing the base class
to be converted in-place to a "declarative" base::
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import as_declarative
@as_declarative()
class Base(object):
@declared_attr
def __tablename__(cls):
return cls.__name__.lower()
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
class MyMappedClass(Base):
# ...
All keyword arguments passed to :func:`.as_declarative` are passed
along to :func:`.declarative_base`.
.. versionadded:: 0.8.3
.. seealso::
:func:`.declarative_base`
"""
def decorate(cls):
kw['cls'] = cls
kw['name'] = cls.__name__
return declarative_base(**kw)
return decorate
class ConcreteBase(object):
"""A helper class for 'concrete' declarative mappings.
:class:`.ConcreteBase` will use the :func:`.polymorphic_union`
function automatically, against all tables mapped as a subclass
to this class. The function is called via the
``__declare_last__()`` function, which is essentially
a hook for the :meth:`.after_configured` event.
:class:`.ConcreteBase` produces a mapped
table for the class itself. Compare to :class:`.AbstractConcreteBase`,
which does not.
Example::
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import ConcreteBase
class Employee(ConcreteBase, Base):
__tablename__ = 'employee'
employee_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
name = Column(String(50))
__mapper_args__ = {
'polymorphic_identity':'employee',
'concrete':True}
class Manager(Employee):
__tablename__ = 'manager'
employee_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
name = Column(String(50))
manager_data = Column(String(40))
__mapper_args__ = {
'polymorphic_identity':'manager',
'concrete':True}
.. seealso::
:class:`.AbstractConcreteBase`
:ref:`concrete_inheritance`
:ref:`inheritance_concrete_helpers`
"""
@classmethod
def _create_polymorphic_union(cls, mappers):
return polymorphic_union(OrderedDict(
(mp.polymorphic_identity, mp.local_table)
for mp in mappers
), 'type', 'pjoin')
@classmethod
def __declare_first__(cls):
m = cls.__mapper__
if m.with_polymorphic:
return
mappers = list(m.self_and_descendants)
pjoin = cls._create_polymorphic_union(mappers)
m._set_with_polymorphic(("*", pjoin))
m._set_polymorphic_on(pjoin.c.type)
class AbstractConcreteBase(ConcreteBase):
"""A helper class for 'concrete' declarative mappings.
:class:`.AbstractConcreteBase` will use the :func:`.polymorphic_union`
function automatically, against all tables mapped as a subclass
to this class. The function is called via the
``__declare_last__()`` function, which is essentially
a hook for the :meth:`.after_configured` event.
:class:`.AbstractConcreteBase` does produce a mapped class
for the base class, however it is not persisted to any table; it
is instead mapped directly to the "polymorphic" selectable directly
and is only used for selecting. Compare to :class:`.ConcreteBase`,
which does create a persisted table for the base class.
Example::
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import AbstractConcreteBase
class Employee(AbstractConcreteBase, Base):
pass
class Manager(Employee):
__tablename__ = 'manager'
employee_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
name = Column(String(50))
manager_data = Column(String(40))
__mapper_args__ = {
'polymorphic_identity':'manager',
'concrete':True}
The abstract base class is handled by declarative in a special way;
at class configuration time, it behaves like a declarative mixin
or an ``__abstract__`` base class. Once classes are configured
and mappings are produced, it then gets mapped itself, but
after all of its decscendants. This is a very unique system of mapping
not found in any other SQLAlchemy system.
Using this approach, we can specify columns and properties
that will take place on mapped subclasses, in the way that
we normally do as in :ref:`declarative_mixins`::
class Company(Base):
__tablename__ = 'company'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
class Employee(AbstractConcreteBase, Base):
employee_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
@declared_attr
def company_id(cls):
return Column(ForeignKey('company.id'))
@declared_attr
def company(cls):
return relationship("Company")
class Manager(Employee):
__tablename__ = 'manager'
name = Column(String(50))
manager_data = Column(String(40))
__mapper_args__ = {
'polymorphic_identity':'manager',
'concrete':True}
When we make use of our mappings however, both ``Manager`` and
``Employee`` will have an independently usable ``.company`` attribute::
session.query(Employee).filter(Employee.company.has(id=5))
.. versionchanged:: 1.0.0 - The mechanics of :class:`.AbstractConcreteBase`
have been reworked to support relationships established directly
on the abstract base, without any special configurational steps.
.. seealso::
:class:`.ConcreteBase`
:ref:`concrete_inheritance`
:ref:`inheritance_concrete_helpers`
"""
__no_table__ = True
@classmethod
def __declare_first__(cls):
cls._sa_decl_prepare_nocascade()
@classmethod
def _sa_decl_prepare_nocascade(cls):
if getattr(cls, '__mapper__', None):
return
to_map = _DeferredMapperConfig.config_for_cls(cls)
# can't rely on 'self_and_descendants' here
# since technically an immediate subclass
# might not be mapped, but a subclass
# may be.
mappers = []
stack = list(cls.__subclasses__())
while stack:
klass = stack.pop()
stack.extend(klass.__subclasses__())
mn = _mapper_or_none(klass)
if mn is not None:
mappers.append(mn)
pjoin = cls._create_polymorphic_union(mappers)
# For columns that were declared on the class, these
# are normally ignored with the "__no_table__" mapping,
# unless they have a different attribute key vs. col name
# and are in the properties argument.
# In that case, ensure we update the properties entry
# to the correct column from the pjoin target table.
declared_cols = set(to_map.declared_columns)
for k, v in list(to_map.properties.items()):
if v in declared_cols:
to_map.properties[k] = pjoin.c[v.key]
to_map.local_table = pjoin
m_args = to_map.mapper_args_fn or dict
def mapper_args():
args = m_args()
args['polymorphic_on'] = pjoin.c.type
return args
to_map.mapper_args_fn = mapper_args
m = to_map.map()
for scls in cls.__subclasses__():
sm = _mapper_or_none(scls)
if sm and sm.concrete and cls in scls.__bases__:
sm._set_concrete_base(m)
class DeferredReflection(object):
"""A helper class for construction of mappings based on
a deferred reflection step.
Normally, declarative can be used with reflection by
setting a :class:`.Table` object using autoload=True
as the ``__table__`` attribute on a declarative class.
The caveat is that the :class:`.Table` must be fully
reflected, or at the very least have a primary key column,
at the point at which a normal declarative mapping is
constructed, meaning the :class:`.Engine` must be available
at class declaration time.
The :class:`.DeferredReflection` mixin moves the construction
of mappers to be at a later point, after a specific
method is called which first reflects all :class:`.Table`
objects created so far. Classes can define it as such::
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import DeferredReflection
Base = declarative_base()
class MyClass(DeferredReflection, Base):
__tablename__ = 'mytable'
Above, ``MyClass`` is not yet mapped. After a series of
classes have been defined in the above fashion, all tables
can be reflected and mappings created using
:meth:`.prepare`::
engine = create_engine("someengine://...")
DeferredReflection.prepare(engine)
The :class:`.DeferredReflection` mixin can be applied to individual
classes, used as the base for the declarative base itself,
or used in a custom abstract class. Using an abstract base
allows that only a subset of classes to be prepared for a
particular prepare step, which is necessary for applications
that use more than one engine. For example, if an application
has two engines, you might use two bases, and prepare each
separately, e.g.::
class ReflectedOne(DeferredReflection, Base):
__abstract__ = True
class ReflectedTwo(DeferredReflection, Base):
__abstract__ = True
class MyClass(ReflectedOne):
__tablename__ = 'mytable'
class MyOtherClass(ReflectedOne):
__tablename__ = 'myothertable'
class YetAnotherClass(ReflectedTwo):
__tablename__ = 'yetanothertable'
# ... etc.
Above, the class hierarchies for ``ReflectedOne`` and
``ReflectedTwo`` can be configured separately::
ReflectedOne.prepare(engine_one)
ReflectedTwo.prepare(engine_two)
.. versionadded:: 0.8
"""
@classmethod
def prepare(cls, engine):
"""Reflect all :class:`.Table` objects for all current
:class:`.DeferredReflection` subclasses"""
to_map = _DeferredMapperConfig.classes_for_base(cls)
for thingy in to_map:
cls._sa_decl_prepare(thingy.local_table, engine)
thingy.map()
mapper = thingy.cls.__mapper__
metadata = mapper.class_.metadata
for rel in mapper._props.values():
if isinstance(rel, properties.RelationshipProperty) and \
rel.secondary is not None:
if isinstance(rel.secondary, Table):
cls._reflect_table(rel.secondary, engine)
elif isinstance(rel.secondary, _class_resolver):
rel.secondary._resolvers += (
cls._sa_deferred_table_resolver(engine, metadata),
)
@classmethod
def _sa_deferred_table_resolver(cls, engine, metadata):
def _resolve(key):
t1 = Table(key, metadata)
cls._reflect_table(t1, engine)
return t1
return _resolve
@classmethod
def _sa_decl_prepare(cls, local_table, engine):
# autoload Table, which is already
# present in the metadata. This
# will fill in db-loaded columns
# into the existing Table object.
if local_table is not None:
cls._reflect_table(local_table, engine)
@classmethod
def _reflect_table(cls, table, engine):
Table(table.name,
table.metadata,
extend_existing=True,
autoload_replace=False,
autoload=True,
autoload_with=engine,
schema=table.schema)

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